Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Risk factors for student dropout in higher education institutions in latin america
Get PDFIntroduction: In Latin America, university dropouts significantly influence the individual development of students and the socioeconomic progress of the region. Identifying risk factors allows educational institutions to recognize and address the specific needs of their students to create effective methods that foster academic success and retention. Objective: Analyze the various risk factors for student Dropout in Higher Education Institutions in Latin America with the purpose of proposing strategies that reduce the negative rates of this problem. Methods: A bibliographic review of studies published between 2010 and 2024 on risk factors for student dropout in higher education in Latin America was carried out, using relevant databases and applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Personal, academic, institutional and socioeconomic variables are part of the risk factors for University Dropout. The lack of access to Higher Education has a significant impact on the economic and social growth of Latin America since it is essential for the training of qualified professionals. The high dropout rate contributes to a less prepared workforce and limits job opportunities for young people. Conclusions: The prevalent risk factors were academic and personal associated with university dropout in Latin America, which is why various strategies were proposed to generate inclusive and equitable higher education through the reformulation of public and institutional policies
VARK learning styles in Medical Education: a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Medical education, due to its complexity and need for theoretical and practical integration, can significantly benefit from the application of the VARK model to adapt and customize teaching methods to the individual needs of students.Objective: to identify the learning styles and modality according to the VARK model of students in medical training through a systematic literature review. Methods: it was proposed to follow the guidelines of the Prisma guide, taking into account articles from Google Scholar and Medline PubMed databases, the search was performed between May 2020 and June 2024, considering publications in English and Spanish. Results: obtained from the reference search were loaded into the Rayyan software. Fourteen articles from six different countries (n=2031) were included, the finding focused on two categories, the distribution of style and learning modality. Conclusions: the identification of the style with the highest utilization, according to the VARK model, is the kinesthetic learning technique while the preferred learning modality was unimodal followed by bimodal, this allows teachers to adapt their teaching methods to the individual preferences of students, while students who know their own learning styles can take a more active role in their educational process, choosing study strategies that best suit their preferences, which can lead to greater self-management of learning.
Chagasic megacolon: First report and management in a case from the 24 de Mayo canton, Manabí province, Ecuador
Get PDFIntroduction: Chagas disease is a disease belonging to the group of Neglected Tropical Diseases. The vector is Trypanosoma cruzi. In this context, Chagas megacolon constitutes an underdiagnosed condition in favor of Chagas heart disease. Case report: Consequently, a clinical case is presented in an 80-year-old male patient. The set of clinical parameters such as chronic constipation, fecaloma; Megacolon imaging and serological results of specific antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi led to the diagnosis of Chagasic megacolon, with surgical intervention on three occasions for correction and treatment. Discussion: Prevention through vector control is essential in the fight against this disease. The main strategies should focus on the construction of decent homes, free of domestic animals inside, such as chicken coops, pigeon coops, hutches, caves, nests and other shelters for animals, where the vector could proliferate.Conclusion: It is the first report of Chagas megacolon in the province of Manabí. The need to promote greater clinical, epidemiological and comprehensive psychological care is highlighted for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment
Trait emotional intelligence as a damping factor in the face of post-pandemic lockdown academic exhaustion?
Get PDFIntroduction: nursing students are a population vulnerable to mental health problems, especially burnout syndrome. Trait emotional intelligence appears as a protective factor against these risks. The psycho-emotional effects of returning to in-person academic activities post-COVID-19 confinement have not been described.Objective: describe the relationship of trait Emotional Intelligence with academic burnout in Nursing students after returning to in-person academic activities post-confinement at a Chilean university.Methods: quantitative-correlational, cross-sectional, non-experimental, non-probabilistic study. 213 surveys were administered to measure trait emotional intelligence and academic burnout in the post-confinement period. Differences in means were reported through post-hoc analysis with Games Howell statistics, and correlations were performed with the Rho Spearman coefficient.Results: there was a high percentile in trait emotional intelligence (58 %) of the sample, and a mild prevalence of academic burnout (92,1 %). Statistically significant correlations (p<0.000) were observed between several factors. The Well-being factor was presented negatively with two dimensions of burnout; while the Emotionality factor was shown to be a risk for increased emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, but positively associated with personal fulfillment.Conclusions: there is a relationship between variables, two factors of trait emotional intelligence were associated with burnout. Universities and academics must act as promoters of emotional intelligence in order to reduce burnout. More research and caution is required when automatically concluding that higher levels of emotional intelligence are always better in any circumstanc
Main risk factors for sudden death in infants and prevention measures
Get PDFIntroduction: sudden infant death (SIDS), first defined in 1956 by the American Academy of Pediatrics as the death of an apparently healthy child, less than one year of age, without comprehensive explanation, including a complete autopsy and examination detail of the death scene, this event occurs especially during sleep. It is a syndromic diagnosis that is reached by exclusion and is likely to have different etiologies. The objective of this bibliographic review is to compile updated information on the main risk factors involved in sudden infant death, establishing prevention measures applicable within society.Methodology: literature review study based on the search for information using recognized electronic databases in health sciences such as PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Science direct, Google Scholar, using keywords such as sudden death; infant; risk factor\u27s; prevention, unexpected death including original scientific articles published in the last five years, without language restriction, 100 articles were reviewed of which 30 were chosen.Results: information is collected that allows establishing sleeping position and drug consumption by caregivers as potential causes of sudden death in infants, in addition to the use of campaigns as the main strategy to eradicate the causative factors.Conclusions: sudden infant death is a syndrome that frequently occurs in children under 6 months of age, constituting an important health problem. It is determined that the sleeping position is the factor that causes it most frequently and that it can be modifiabl
Use of complementary medicine vs alternative therapies in Polycystic ovary syndrome
Get PDFIntroduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological endocrine pathology characterized by affecting the quality of life of women of reproductive age, due to the variety of signs and symptoms that manifest, there are treatment options such as the use of complementary medicine and alternative therapies. Objective: to determine the use of complementary medicine and alternative therapies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Methods: systematic review with reflexive critical analysis of publications from 2019 to 2020, in English and Spanish. The question was elaborated using the PICO strategy. Keywords extracted in Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCs) were used. The search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, Semantic Scholar and Google Scholar databases. The PRISMA flowchart was used as a search strategy. The bibliographic sources were organized and interpreted by means of documentary analysis and synthesis. Results: the methods used in complementary medicine are acupuncture, auriculotherapy, kinesiology, Chinese medicine enema and electrical stimulation. On the contrary, in alternative therapies are yoga, moxibustion, naturopathy and phytotherapy. In addition, as pharmacological method vitamin D, metformin and iron or folic acid. Conclusions: complementary medicine is the most used as a method of treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, specifically the most prevalent is acupuncture as it decreases the symptomatology, induces ovulation, allows improving the menstrual cycle, fertility and increases self-esteem in patient
Mortality of cases with chronic kidney disease and its risk factors admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in Almaty city, Kazakhstan
Get PDFObjetive: to determine the rate of mortality of cases with chronic kidney disease and its risk factors admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in Almaty City, Kazakhstan. Methods: patients with coronavirus infections who were hospitalized at a hospital in the Kazakhstani Almaty region from June 2020 until June 2022 are included in the retrospective analysis. The Unified National Electronic Healthcare System (UNEHS) provided the database extraction. Individuals were considered eligible if they had been admitted to the hospital with the primary diagnoses of U07.1 (COVID-19, detected virus) and U07.2. Conclusion: in Almaty, Kazakhstan, hospitalization outcomes for coronavirus patients with and without chronic kidney disease were assessed in this study. Analysis was done on the impact of comorbidities and sociodemographic characteristics on mortality. While there are many ways to prevent and manage chronic kidney disease (CKD), coexisting medical diseases, particularly viruses that cause pandemics, might complicate matters. Thus, to prevent unplanned infectious disease outbreaks, a thorough disease management plan must be establishe
Augmented reality\u27s impact on STEM learning
No full textIntroduction: Augmented Reality (AR) is an emerging technology with potential to enhance STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education. This study investigates the impact of implementing AR in STEM learning. Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of AR in enhancing students\u27 motivation, understanding, academic performance, and problem-solving abilities in STEM disciplines. Method: a mixed methods approach with a quasi-experimental design was employed. The study involved 180 university students and 12 STEM instructors from various programs. Data collection methods included standardized tests, questionnaires, interviews, observations, and artifact analysis. Results: the AR group showed significant improvements in academic performance, motivation, and attitudes toward STEM subjects compared to the control group. Qualitative data supported AR\u27s potential to create more engaging and interactive learning experiences. Students reported better understanding of complex concepts and increased interest in STEM fields.Conclusions: integrating AR in STEM education can enhance academic performance, motivation, attitudes, and comprehension of complex concepts. These findings support the importance of exploring and implementing AR technology in STEM educational settings to improve learning outcomes and foster student engagemen
Family adaptation in the care of children with Type 1 Diabetes: A theoretical derivation
Get PDFIntroduction: the diagnosis of type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in a child impacts family dynamics, which is why it is necessary to understand the phenomenon from effective adaptation, an essential reason to have a mid-range theory that allows analyzing family adaptation in the care of children with T1D. Objective: develop the mid-range theory “Family adaptation in caring for children with type 1 diabetes”. Methods: the theory was developed from Fawcett\u27s methodological proposal in which concepts of interest are identified, the concepts and propositions are classified according to the phenomenon, the propositions are organized hierarchically, and the diagram that addresses the phenomenon is constructed. Results: the mid-range theory “Family adaptation in the care of children with type 1 diabetes” is proposed, which allows us to understand and effectively address the challenges that families face in caring for their children with cancer; which helps to validate and refine the propositions, which in turn will contribute to the growth and advancement of knowledge in this field.Conclusions: the Midrange Theory “Family adaptation in the care of children with T1D” (AFDT1) allows us to understand family functioning in the face of diagnosis and coexistence with T1D due to its theoretical integration with empirical knowledge. It is suggested to test the theory through quasi-experimental or experimental studie
Incarcerated inguinal hernia plus intestinal perforation in a 4-month-old infant. Case Study
Get PDFA hernia is when part or even all of an internal organ protrudes through an abnormal opening in the wall of the cavity that houses that organ. An inguinal hernia, which is a protrusion of part of the intestine through the abdominal wall into the inguinal region, occurs frequently in both children and adults. Two common problems that can occur as a result of an inguinal hernia are obstruction, which refers to blockage of the intestine, and strangulation, which occurs when the blood supply to the herniated tissue is interrupted. An inguinal hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine moves through an area of low resistance in the lower abdomen, and this anatomical space is called the groin. A hernia can cause a portion of the intestine to bulge into the groin area, forming a noticeable bulge. As time progresses, hernias may experience an increase in size. An incarcerated hernia occurs when the hernia sac undergoes prolonged inflammation that prevents the herniated structures from returning to their original position. As a result, venous blood flow to the internal organs and lymphatic system is interrupted, leading to a gradual and lasting impact on the hernia. This causes compression, reduces circulation, which can lead to oxygen deprivation in the tissues (ischemia) and cell death (necrosis), and can even perforate the bowel and trigger severe inflammation of the abdominal lining (peritonitis). We report a 4-month-old male infant patient with incarcerated inguinal hernia since birth, who underwent laparoscopic surgical resolutio