Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Chemical Composition And Aphrodisiac Activity Of Aqueous And Hydroalcoholic Extracts Of Corynaea crassa Hook f
Get PDFIntroduction: corynaea crassa is a hemiparasitic plant, traditionally used in Ecuador and Peru as a male aphrodisiac, but scientific evidence is required to validate its use. Especially, the species from Ecuador has not been studied for this purpose.Objective: compare the chemical composition and aphrodisiac activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of C. crassa collected in Ecuador and Peru.Methods: the chemical composition of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts was determined through the quantification of phenols by Folin-Ciocalteu, flavonoids by the aluminum trichloride technique, alkaloids and carbohydrates by the bromocresol green and phenol-sulfuric methods, respectively. The aphrodisiac activity of the extracts was tested at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg in male Wistar rats, using sildenafil (50 mg/kg) as a positive control. Parameters of sexual behavior, nitric oxide concentration in plasma and corpus cavernosum, and testosterone concentration in blood serum were evaluated.Results: significant differences were seen in the content of each metabolite. The hydroalcoholic extracts showed the highest concentration of phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids, higher for the Ecuadorian sample. The aqueous extract from Peru recorded the highest concentration of carbohydrates. All extracts promoted sexual activity in rats, increasing the levels of nitric oxide and testosterone, highlighting the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts (300 mg/kg) with a behavior comparable to sildenafil. Conclusions: the study justified the popular use of C. crassa as a male aphrodisiac, given the variety of chemical compounds quantified, providing the first scientific evidence of the Ecuadorian species
Extubation based on predictive scales in the management of neurocritical patients: Narrative review and update
Get PDFIntroduction: Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is essential in neurocritical patients to ensure oxygenation, control ventilation and prevent secondary brain damage, although its prolonged use is associated with complications such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and increased mortality. Extubation in this population faces failure rates of up to 40%, highlighting the need for specific strategies. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted based on original articles, case series and open access systematic reviews, consulted in SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed-Medline, Google Scholar and ClinicalKey. DeCS descriptors and Boolean operators were used, excluding letters to the editor and conference proceedings to prioritise quality evidence. Development: Extubation in neurocritical patients is compromised by neurological (altered level of consciousness, reflex dysfunction), respiratory (secretions, weak cough) and systemic (prolonged IMV) factors. Scales such as VISAGE, AIRWAY SCORE and ENIO integrate key variables to predict success, although they lack universal validation. Tracheostomy reduces duration of IMV, but not VAPV or mortality, while physiotherapy shows unconfirmed potential. Conclusion: Predictive scales offer valuable tools, but their standardisation is limited. Level of consciousness does not consistently predict success, prioritising airway protection. Prospective studies are needed to develop specific protocols and improve outcomes in neurocritical patients
Learning disabilities caused by type 1 diabetes mellitus debuting in diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatric Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important public health problem worldwide due to its high prevalence, associated morbidity and mortality and the resulting high costs. Standardized and internationally validated epidemiological studies have also revealed an increasing trend in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in children. The significant cognitive impairment observed in children with type 1 diabetes cannot be attributed to the consequences of the disease. The subtle neurocognitive changes documented in some of these patients at different ages do not necessarily result in significant decreases in academic performance, even over time. Life cannot be normal for children with diabetes if their learning and school performance are affected by the cognitive impairment caused by the disease. Therefore, it is very important to determine the effect of diabetes on school learning, because all this can lead to complications in the future, such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Clinical case: a 12 year old male patient is presented, who has a history of diabetes mellitus type 1 diagnosed 3 years ago, during his illness he refers learning problems which have increased, at the moment the patient refers asthenia, weight loss compatible with metabolic alteration of his illness. Conclusion: Life cannot be normal for children with diabetes if their learning and school performance are affected by the cognitive impairment caused by the disease. Therefore, it is very important to determine the impact of diabetes on school learning since all this leads to a metabolic alteration such as diabetic ketoacidosis, its diagnosis must be early because its complication is fata
Interaction between Research and Innovation in the Ecology of Knowledge in University Organizations: A Correlational Descriptive Study at the National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador
Get PDFIntroduction: research and innovation in academic organizations are essential for sustainable development. However, its integration with the ecology of knowledge and the impact on the labor competencies of university professors still represent a challenge, especially in the Ecuadorian context.
Objective: to describe the interaction between research and innovation linked to the ecology of knowledge in the academic organizations of the National University of Chimborazo during the period 2024-A.
Methods: quantitative, descriptive-correlational study. Participatory non-probabilistic sample of 132 teachers from the Faculty of Education. A 15-item questionnaire on knowledge ecology, research-innovation and labor skills was applied.
Results: a strong positive correlation was found between knowledge ecology and labor competencies (r = 0,723; p < 0,01), while the relationship between research-innovation and labor competencies was weak (r = 0,025; p = 0,772). The ecology of knowledge explained 52,3 % of the variability in labor competencies.
Conclusions: the ecology of knowledge emerges as a key factor for the development of teaching work competencies at UNACH. Policies and strategies that promote a collaborative and knowledge-sharing environment are required to improve the integration of research, innovation and teaching practic
The role of the tutor in the consumption of psychoactive substances in times of pandemic within technological universities
Get PDFAt the end of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a scenario is observed that leaves repercussions in the Universities, among them it affected the students both in their performance, as well as in the social field, to cover these deficiencies, the role of the professor and the tutors was decisive. Therefore, the objective of this article is to describe the influence of the communication and motivation of the tutor on the consumption of psychoactive substances in times of pandemic. The research was quantitative, non-experimental, longitudinal, a data collection instrument with a Likert scale was used through digital media to students of the system of technological universities in Mexico. A descriptive evaluation was carried out and the Spearman test was applied to determine the correlation between communication and motivation on drug use, as results it was possible to define that both have a very strong positive correlation (r=0.83
Impact of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on fetal development and diagnosis of FASD
Get PDFThe study was conducted to determine the effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on fetal development. A descriptive approach was adopted and an exhaustive documentary and bibliographic review was conducted to analyze the impact of alcohol on the fetus, based on the existing scientific literature. The research focused on the analysis of 11 articles selected from 20 initially reviewed, without collecting primary data. Inductive and deductive methods were used to establish connections between prenatal alcohol exposure and various disorders, including fetal alcohol syndrome and other congenital defects. The results revealed a significant association between prenatal alcohol exposure and an increase in the prevalence of neuropsychological disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and learning disorders. This association was observed in populations from various regions, including Latin America, underlining the global dimension of the problem. In addition, alcohol consumption during pregnancy negatively affected the physical growth and cardiovascular parameters of the fetus. The findings highlighted that fetal alcohol syndrome is often underdiagnosed due to the lack of specific biomarkers and distinctive facial features. Improving prevention and diagnosis strategies through increased education on the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is recommended. Future research was suggested to focus on reducing the associated stigma and improving access to diagnostic and treatment services, considering social and cultural factor
Alterations in the oral cavity in patients treated with head and neck radiotherapy: a bibliographic review article
Get PDFCancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with head and neck neoplasms ranking fifth among the most common tumors. Radiotherapy is indicated in several cases of head and neck cancer with the aim of destroying cancer cells, but as a side effect it can cause undesirable oral reactions, affecting the quality of life of these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the most frequent oral alterations in patients with head and neck cancer submitted to radiotherapy according to the findings presented in the literature. The present study used an observational research method through an integrative bibliographic review, using Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. It was possible to conclude that there is a need for greater recognition of the participation of dental professionals in oncological multidisciplinary teams, being of fundamental importance for the management and prevention of oral alterations associated with radiotherapy. The most frequently mentioned oral alterations included mucositis, trismus, xerostomia, dysgeusia, the presence of candidiasis infection, periodontitis and loss of teeth. The radiation dose in the head and neck regions varied between 4000 - 7000 cGy, where at levels of 2000 cGy alterations in the salivary glands and hypovascularization of the tissues can be registered. With the presence of oral alterations induced by radiotherapy, the patient\u27s speech, chewing and swallowing functions are reduced, consequently affecting eating habits, nutritional status, and the well-being of the patien
Overall Satisfaction Index on the improvement of the program of the Pharmacology discipline in an Angolan university
Get PDFIntroduction: An educational intervention strategy was carried out in the teaching-learning process of the discipline of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy at the Jean Piaget Polytechnic Institute of Benguela in the Republic of Angola, prior to an initial diagnosis of the process, and the perception of the level of satisfaction of students and teachers was intended to be analyzed.Objective: to evaluate the level of overall satisfaction regarding the improvement of the Teaching and Learning Process in the discipline of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy.Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional observational study was carried out with a quantitative or positivist approach. A questionnaire was applied to 8 teachers and 43 students. 28 variables were analyzed (15 for teachers and 13 for students). The Global Satisfaction Index was calculated through the Iadov technique.Results: the Iadov Global Satisfaction Index (ISG) was 0.63 and 0.57 for teachers and students respectively. According to the interpretation of this result, it is within the range of satisfactory evaluation. According to the professors\u27 evaluation, low indices were obtained in the range of lack of definition in learning through clinical cases (ISG=0.44) and the topic of teaching based on experimentation (ISG=0.44). On the part of the students, the variable that generated dissatisfaction in them was the experimentation activities in any of its modalities [ISG= (-0.05)].Conclusions: Overall, there is satisfaction in students and professors with the modifications implemented in the educational teaching process in the discipline of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmac
Cardiac tamponade in a patient with chagas disease and pericardiocentesis. Case report
Get PDFIntroduction: Cardiac tamponade is considered a medical emergency, which is characterized by the accumulation of fluid, pus, blood or clots in the pericardial space. Chagas disease is considered one of the potential causes of cardiac tamponade due to the myocarditis and pericarditis it can produce.Clinical case: 58-year-old male patient who went to the emergency department, with a condition characterized by: dizziness, fatigue, productive cough with whitish expectoration, moderate dyspnea, general and mild chest discomfort. With a history of Chronic Chagas, smoker. A P-A chest x-ray, electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiogram were performed, confirming the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade. Discussion: Although Beck\u27s triad can guide the diagnosis, it occurs in a small percentage of cases. In our case, after diagnosis, ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis was performed and allowed the evacuation of blood content, improving the hemodynamic condition after performing the procedure and stable vital parameters. Conclusions: Chronic Chagas and some associated risk factors triggered the development of plugging. The pericardiocentesis was successful, allowing the evacuation of blood content, improving the hemodynamic condition and avoiding complications. Atypical presentation requires multidisciplinary management, early diagnosis related to clinical and ultrasound findings are essential for management, these will be determining factors in the evolution and prognosis of our patient
Perception of the quality of nursing care and user satisfaction in hospitals in Chile
Get PDFIntroduction: the quality of health depends on whether the service offers the desired results. This is related to health services since users base their preferences and experiences to express satisfaction. Nursing is a central being in the perception of quality. Objective: Describe the perception of the quality of nursing care and user satisfaction in hospitals in Chile. Methodology: a study was carried out with a descriptive-cross-sectional, quantitative design. The sample was made up of 111 users over 18 years of age who had been hospitalized for at least one night in a public hospital in Chile. The instrument used was SERVQHOS-E, which measures the perception of users in relation to the quality of nursing care from corporate aspects and a survey that provides opinion data on perceived quality. Results: an average of 3.28±0.81 could be observed in the users\u27 expectations regarding the quality of nursing care and 75.67 % of the users stated that they were very satisfied or satisfied with the nursing care received. Conclusions: the research revealed positive perception of users about the quality of nursing care in Chilean hospitals. Areas for improvement were identified such as communication and waiting times. The data obtained can collaborate in decision-making and improvements in user care in health facilities, guiding possible strategies to guarantee quality and satisfactio