Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Clinical epidemiological behavior of pneumonia and re-emergence of pathogens in the post-pandemic era
Get PDFIntroduction:Pneumonia remains the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality in children. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the biosecurity measures applied reduced the transmissibility of the virus; however, after the relaxation of the restrictions, there is evidence of virus circulation with changes in seasonality. The objective of the study was to determine the clinical-epidemiological profile and etiological agents involved in pneumonia in children admitted to the Ambato General Hospital in the post-pandemic era.Methodology:Prospective, observational and analytical study that evaluated 100 children with a diagnosis of pneumonia, aged between 1 month and 10 years, in the period September 2023 to August 2024. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were processed in the microchip array system and clinical and paraclinical variables were analyzed.Results:The most affected age group was 37 to 60 months; gestational age influenced clinical severity but not exclusive breastfeeding. The etiologic agents identified were respiratory syncytial virus RSV (31 %), rhinovirus/enterovirus (23 %), metapneumovirus (20 %), with september being the month of highest circulation; wet cough, rhinorrhea, respiratory distress and rales were the frequent clinical expression. CRP was not related to severity; hemogram showed an inverse relationship between leukocytes and lymphocytes. Interstitial and alveolar interstitial radiological pattern was the most frequent.Conclusions:Pneumonia continues to be a threat to children under 5 years of age. After the pandemic, the seasonality and behavior of viruses and bacteria changed, with outbreaks of pneumonia and unusual respiratory infections
Return migration and cultural diversity in university students of a public Higher Education Institution
Get PDFIntroduction: migrant students returning to Mexico face various structural, economic, cultural and educational barriers. Their identity, formed in the United States, conflicts with the Mexican school system, which does not consider cultural and linguistic diversity. Young people face difficulties to integrate due to lack of resources, lack of knowledge of academic Spanish and lack of intercultural pedagogical strategies. In addition, they face social barriers such as isolation and discrimination. To achieve their integration, an inclusive educational system that involves the entire school community, promoting empowerment, is crucial.Objective: to identify the conditions of returning migrant and cultural diversity in university students of a public Higher Education InstitutionMethods: quantitative approach of exploratory, observational and transversal type, the instrument called “Questionnaire to identify the student population in conditions of vulnerability” designed by the Vice-Rectory and Academic Secretariat of the Veracruz Region of the Universidad Veracruzana, was applied in August and September 2024 to 2 363 students from various academic areas in the Veracruz Region.Results: 1,18 % reported having lived in another country, 28,57 % stated that it was a voluntary return, 17,86 % were forced by working conditions, 3,57 % due to situations of discrimination and 50 % reported others. Conclusions: this study provides a social panorama that should be addressed in a timely and efficient manner, promoting equity in education, addressing the specific needs of each student and ensuring that the entire university community efficiently concludes their studies and does not fall into a situation of educational lag or dropout
Corn Husk Fiber Composite as a Noise Reducer for Galvalume Roofs
Get PDFGalvalume roofing, widely used for its durability and cost-efficiency, often generates significant noise during rainfall, impacting indoor acoustic comfort. This study aims to evaluate the impact of incorporating corn husk fibre on the effectiveness of noise reduction through epoxy matrix-based composite coatings on galvalume roofs. Applying a sound-dampening layer on the surface of galvalume roofing is expected to reduce the noise level generated, especially during rainfall. The composite used as a coating consists of natural fibres—in this case, corn husk fibres—which serve as the filler material to support the soundproofing function. The samples used in this study are galvalume roof panels coated with a composite material, which were tested through simulated artificial rainfall and measurements using a sound absorption coefficient testing device. The coating process was carried out using the hand lay-up method, with a mixture of epoxy resin and corn husk fibres in varying weight fractions: 0%:100%, 20%:80%, 30%:70%, 40%:60%, and 50%:50%. Based on macroscopic observations of fibre distribution, the 50%:50% weight fraction showed the most even distribution, with a uniformity rate of up to 93%. In noise level testing, the 50%:50% composition resulted in the lowest recorded noise level of 74.500 dB. The sound absorption coefficient test was conducted by placing the specimen in a rectangular testing chamber measuring 100 cm × 50 cm × 50 cm, equipped with two sound level meters. The results showed the lowest absorption coefficient (α = 0.3695 cm ¹) at the 20%:80% fraction and the highest (α = 0.6365 cm ¹) at the 50%:50% fraction. Overall, the study concludes that increasing the content of corn husk fibre significantly influences the effectiveness of noise reduction on galvalume roofs
Creation of an Android-Based Augmented Reality Application for the Cultivation of Large Red Chili (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFIntroduction: The rising demand for large red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) driven by high market prices and culinary significance has encouraged cultivation efforts. However, inadequate farming knowledge creates challenges for both growers and consumers, necessitating innovative educational approaches.Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate an Android-based Augmented Reality (AR) application for educating users on proper large red chili cultivation techniques, and assess its effectiveness in enhancing agricultural knowledge transfer.Method: The research employed the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) methodology, utilizing Unity and Vuforia platforms to create an interactive AR application. The application used smartphone cameras to scan tag cards that triggered educational videos providing step-by-step cultivation guidance. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted with 20 respondents using purposive sampling to evaluate application usability and effectiveness across seven criteria using a 5-point Likert scale.Results: The AR application achieved an overall satisfaction score of 89% (623 out of 700 points), with the highest criterion scoring 93% and the lowest 79%. User feedback indicated the application was useful and informative for learning chili cultivation practices. The AR functionality performed effectively even when tag cards were partially obscured (up to 50% coverage), demonstrating robust technical performance under varying conditions.Conclusions: The AR-based application proved to be an effective educational tool for chili cultivation, successfully bridging knowledge gaps in agricultural practices. The high user satisfaction rates and positive feedback support the practical application of AR technology in agricultural education, offering an accessible and engaging method for learning essential cultivation techniques
Influence of Collaborative Problem-Solving Based STEAM, Academic Ability, and Support on Engagement and Creative Thinking Skills: A SEM Study from Indonesia
Get PDFIntroduction: This study examined the impact of Collaborative Problem-Solving Based STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics), academic ability, and support on student engagement and creative thinking skills among university students in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to explore how Collaborative Problem-Solving Based STEAM, academic ability, and support influenced students\u27 engagement and creative thinking, with a focus on understanding the relationships between these factors.Method: A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze data. The sample consisted of 290 students from Universitas PGRI Mpu Sindok, STKIP PGRI Situbondo, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung and Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire that measured five latent variables: STEAM, academic ability, support, engagement, and creative thinking skills.Results: The analysis revealed that STEAM-based learning significantly enhanced both engagement (β=0.463, p<0.001) and creative thinking skills (β=1.042, p<0.001), with engagement serving as a mediator between the two. Support was found to positively influence engagement (β=0.405, p<0.001) but negatively impacted creative thinking skills (β=−0.360, p<0.001), suggesting that excessive support may have hindered independent creativity. Academic ability had no significant direct effect on either engagement (β=0.0163, p=0.732) or creative thinking (β=0.0483, p=0.217).Conclusion: The study concluded that STEAM education significantly enhanced engagement and creativity, with a balanced level of support being crucial for fostering student autonomy. These findings provided valuable insights for developing educational strategies, particularly in countries like Indonesia, where resources were limited. Future research should focus on integrating STEAM learning while ensuring a balance between support and independence to further enhance student creativity and engagement
Attitude of nurses towards humanized care in critical areas for patients with gender identity
Get PDFIntroduction: Nursing professionals must combat discrimination, gender gaps, and inequalities in the provision of health services in order to guarantee safety and dignified treatment. Therefore, we proposed to analyze nurses\u27 attitudes toward humanized care for patients with gender identity issues in critical areas.Methods: This was a qualitative study with a phenomenological design and descriptive scope. Twelve nurses from critical care services in public and private institutions in Ecuador participated, selected by snowball sampling. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews conducted via ZOOM. This was analyzed using the Colaizzi method, as well as the integration of Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).Results: 3 categories were obtained: 1. Factors that hinder care for patients with gender identity; 2. Impact on humanized care, quality of care and clinical evolution; 3. Humanized care for patients with gender identity in critical care services.Conclusion: The lack of training on gender diversity is a significant obstacle in humanized care, which is affected by prejudice, stigmatization or lack of knowledge; therefore, nursing staff attitudes have a direct and significant impact on care, quality of care and clinical evolution. A respectful care approach contributes to a better experience, which translates into higher levels of satisfaction and, in many cases, improved mental and emotional health or unstructured, no longer than 250 words; written in the past tense and in the third person singular
Innovative Game-Based Digital Media to Improve General Life Skills of Primary School Students: A Development Study in the Context of Education 5.0
Get PDFIntroduction: The use of engaging and interactive digital learning media is essential to enhance students\u27 motivation and life skills, particularly in Pancasila Education at the primary school level. This study aims to develop a digital-based educational game as a learning resource for Pancasila Education and to test the feasibility, effectiveness, and user responses to the developed media. Methods: This research employs the Research and Development method using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The universe of this study comprised all fifth-grade students at elementary schools in Gubug Subdistrict, Grobogan Regency, East Java, Indonesia, while the sample consisted of 80 fifth-grade students from SDN 1 Jeketro and SDN 1 Saban, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Quantitative data analysis involved descriptive analysis for media feasibility and inferential analysis using paired t-tests to measure media effectiveness. Qualitative analysis was used to explore user responses and the implementation of media in the classroom, conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Results: The results of this study show that: (1) The developed educational game media is highly feasible to be used as a learning resource for Pancasila Education for fifth-grade students, as evidenced by material expert validation results of 97.5% and media expert validation results of 93.7%; (2) The use of this media effectively improves students\u27 General Life Skills significantly, with an average difference in pre-test and post-test scores of 8.00 points at SDN 1 Jeketro and 8.18 points at SDN 1 Saban, and test results showing statistical significance; (3) The educational game media received positive responses from teachers and students, demonstrated through active participation in learning and a very good practicality rating. Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that the educational game media has been proven to improve students’ General Life Skills and can be recommended as an innovative learning tool for civic education at the primary school level
Biomarkers in the monitoring of anticoagulant therapies: Clinical applications, diagnostic efficacy, and challenges for the clinical laboratory. Literature review.
Get PDFThe implementation of coagulation assays enables precise evaluation of the hemostatic status of patients, which is essential for the prevention of thrombotic events such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular accidents, and acute myocardial infarction.
We conducted a literature review following the PRISMA guidelines, encompassing 78 articles published between 2019 and 2025 that focused on biomarkers for monitoring anticoagulant therapy. Of these, 38 studies met eligibility criteria by providing data on sensitivity, specificity, advantages and limitations of the biomarkers in anticoagulants patients.
Results demonstrated that traditional biomarkers, including platelet count, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, D dimer, are useful for evaluating coagulation activation but have notable limitations in patients treated with direct anticoagulants. In contrast, advanced assays, such as thrombin generation assays, allow comprehensive analysis of the entire thrombin generation process, offering a more complete assessment of the hemostatic system. The combined use of conventional biomarkers and global assays holds significant potential to markedly improve anticoagulant therapy monitoring by facilitating safe individualization of treatment and minimizing both thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk
Perceptions on neoliberal extractivist practices of the thermoelectric industries in the fishing community of Coronel
Get PDFIntroduction: In Chile, the neoliberal extractivist model has favored industries such as thermoelectric plants, generating serious ecological, social, and cultural impacts in coastal communities like Coronel. This system, sustained by privatizing legal frameworks, has led to territorial dispossession, socio-environmental conflicts, and community resistance to the loss of identity and rights.
Objective: To describe the perceptions of artisanal fishers and shoreline harvesters regarding the ecological, social, and cultural impacts of thermoelectric extractivist practices, identifying meanings, impacts, and forms of community resistance.
Methods: A qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight people linked to coastal fishing and harvesting, and thematic content analysis was used. The process included open coding, clustering, and triangulation, allowing for a situated understanding of the lived experience.
Results: Three main themes emerged: i) thermoelectric plants as a symbol of plunder and dispossession, ii) the emotional experience of territorial and environmental loss, and iii) the reconstruction of a collective identity based on resistance. The testimonies reflect a deterioration in living conditions, loss of marine biodiversity, emotional impacts, and a breakdown in the sociocultural fabric.
Conclusions: Neoliberal extractivism has produced multidimensional dispossession in Caleta Lo Rojas. In response, the community has developed collective responses based on roots, memory, and environmental justice. There is an urgent need for inclusive public policies that recognize the centrality of the territory as a living space
Junior High Students\u27 Awareness Assessment of Narcotics, Psychotropics, and Addictive Substances Dangers in Bandung
Get PDFSubstance abuse amongst adolescents has become a serious issue requiring effective prevention strategies. Students\u27 awareness of drug dangers serves as an important foundation in developing targeted preventive education programmers. This research aims to evaluate junior secondary school students\u27 awareness levels regarding drug dangers in Bandung, analyze gender differences, and identify the most influential information sources. The study employed a descriptive survey design with quantitative approach. The research population involved 2,400 junior secondary students (1,750 females, 650 males) from 75 schools across Bandung. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire comprising 30 items measuring six awareness dimensions: knowledge of drug types, health impacts, social impacts, legal consequences, prevention & rehabilitation, and risk factors. Students\u27 awareness levels ranged from moderate to high with mean scores of 3.36-3.76 (scale 1-5). The health impact dimension showed highest awareness (3.76), whilst prevention & rehabilitation was lowest (3.36). Gender analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.001) with female students consistently outperforming males across all dimensions, with the largest gap in social impacts (0.21). Schools emerged as the dominant information source (37.2%), followed by family (27.0%) and social media (19.0%). Although general awareness levels were relatively good, critical areas requiring attention remain, particularly prevention and rehabilitation aspects. Significant gender differences imply the need for gender-sensitive education strategies. Schools\u27 dominance as information sources confirms the vital role of educational institutions in comprehensive anti-drug programmers