Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Documentary Analysis of Public Policies with a Gender Perspective in Rural Territories of Ecuador: Articulations between Health, Rights and Social Development
Get PDFIntroduction: gender-focused public policies have become increasingly relevant in global rural development agendas. However, in Ecuador, limited research has been conducted on how these policies are addressed in rural contexts from a social sciences perspective. Methods: qualitative, interpretative and analytical study was conducted through documentary research. A bibliographic search was carried out on the Scopus-Elsevier platform using the descriptor "public gender policies", limited to scientific articles in the fields of social sciences, arts and humanities published between 2020 and 2025. A total of 3,624 articles were obtained and analysed using VOSviewer 1.6.20 software.Results: the bibliometric maps identified several thematic clusters, with central nodes such as "gender equality", "rural development", "women", "public health", "intersectionality" and "policy implementation". These concepts revealed significant gaps in literature related to local adaptation and territorial articulation of gender policies in rural settings.Conclusions: the study evidenced a fragmented and heterogeneous academic approach to gender policies in rural Ecuadorian contexts. It highlighted the need to strengthen the theoretical and methodological integration of the rural perspective in gender policy analysis. The findings offer a foundational reference for future research and for the design of inclusive, context-sensitive public strategies
Enhancing health literacy for child protection: Development and validation of a mobile application for child sexual abuse prevention education
Get PDFIntroduction: child sexual abuse (CSA) is a global issue causing significant physical, psychological, and social impacts, urging the need for effective prevention strategies. Public knowledge about CSA in Indonesia is minimal. While parenting education interventions have proven effective in reducing child maltreatment, digital technology presents a promising yet underexplored avenue. This study aimed to develop and validate a mobile application media for CSA early prevention tailored to the educational needs of teachers and parents.
Methods: this research employed a Research and Development following the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Qualitative data collection through three Focus Group Discussions and one interview with four teachers and ten parents at Pringsewu Public Kindergarten, Lampung, Indonesia, informed the application content and structure. Subsequently, four experts in the fields of pediatric health, psychology, information technology, and early childhood education validated the app to ensure accuracy and usability. Field testing was then conducted with ten teachers and ten parents, which confirmed that the mobile application was user-friendly, educationally valuable, and well-accepted, based on the Technology Acceptance Model.
Results: the needs assessment identified three main themes: easy-to-understand CSA prevention content, engaging media for children, and educational features for both children and their guardians. The product was named Save d’Kids, a validated and pilot-tested CSA prevention mobile app.
Conclusions: Save d’Kids is a digital mobile application validated by experts that shows promise in improving CSA literacy among children through teachers and parents. Future studies should involve randomized controlled trials to assess the effectiveness of Save d’Kids
High prevalence of acquired HIV drug resistance among gay and bisexual men on antiretroviral therapy in Surabaya, Indonesia: a call for routine genotypic surveillance
Get PDFIntroduction: HIV affects men who have sex with men (MSM) in a disproportionate way, especially in concentrated epidemics such as Indonesia. Surabaya carries the highest burden among MSM in the country. Yet, evidence on HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and drug resistance is scarce.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 57 HIV-1–infected gay and bisexual men on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Surabaya during 2022–2023. Blood samples were taken for HIV-1 pol gene amplification (protease and reverse transcriptase). Sanger sequencing produced subtype data through phylogenetic analysis and RIP. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were assessed with IAS-USA 2023 and Stanford HIVdb v10.0.
Results: CRF01_AE dominated (82.0%), followed by subtype B (10.5%) and recombinants (7.5%). Sixteen participants had sequences that passed analysis. Five of them (31.3%, 95% CI: 11.8–58.7%) carried major DRMs: K65R (NRTI), K103N (NNRTI), and Q58E/V82A (PI). One case showed resistance to more than one drug class. Overall resistance rates surpassed both regional estimates and the WHO 10% benchmark.
Conclusions: See the corresponding section at the end of the paper
Impact of the Comprehensive School for Older Adults on Quality of Life
Get PDFIntroduction: active aging and quality of life in older adults are priorities in public health and higher education. The Comprehensive School for Older Adults (Escuela Integral para Personas Mayores, EIAM), developed by Universidad de Las Américas, aims to promote self-care, social participation, and overall well-being, while enhancing professional training of students through community engagement activities..Methods: a mixed-methods design was applied. In the quantitative phase, 44 participants from the 2024 cohort completed a pre- and post-intervention quality-of-life questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, two focus groups were conducted with 24 participants from the 2023 cohort to explore perceptions and program-attributable changes. The evaluated dimensions included economic conditions, social participation, use of information and communication technologies, physical and mental health, social support networks, and overall well-being.Results: improvements were observed in self-perceived skills for healthy eating (65,4 % to 88.3%), technology use (good or very good skills: 38.5% to 47.1%), and active physical and cognitive life (very good cognitive skills: 0% to 40%). Focus group findings highlighted strengthened community sense, self-esteem, civic participation, and self-care. Areas for improvement included program continuity, adaptation of academic language, and in-depth coverage of legal and digital literacy content.Conclusions: the EIAM positively impacts older adults’ quality of life and university students’ comprehensive education, constituting an effective community engagement practice. Its continuity and expansion align with Sustainable Development Goals 3, 10, and 11, fostering health, inclusion, and sustainable community environments
Threshold-Optimized and Calibrated Logistic Regression for Breast Cancer Classification
Get PDFBreast cancer affects over 2.3 million individuals annually worldwide. Traditional diagnostic methods face limitations in consistency and objectivity, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This study developed a logistic regression-based clinical decision support system for breast cancer classification. We analyzed the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer dataset containing 569 samples with 30 quantitative morphological features from fine needle aspirate cytology. The dataset comprised 357 benign and 212 malignant cases. Data underwent standardization via StandardScaler, followed by 75-25 train-test partitioning (426 training, 143 testing samples). We evaluated the logistic regression model through confusion matrix analysis, ROC curve assessment, threshold optimization via Youden\u27s Index, and probability calibration using Expected Calibration Error (ECE). The model achieved 95.8% accuracy, 96.2% sensitivity, and 95.6% specificity on independent testing data, with AUC-ROC of 0.993. Threshold optimization identified 0.560 as the optimal decision boundary, yielding 3.77% false negative rate and 4.44% false positive rate. Probability calibration demonstrated reliable predictions with ECE of 0.0390, improved to 0.0328 through isotonic regression. The model correctly classified 137 of 143 test samples (86 true negatives, 51 true positives, 4 false positives, 2 false negatives). The logistic regression model demonstrated strong discriminative performance for breast cancer classification. However, single train-test validation and dataset-specific characteristics require cautious interpretation. Cross-validation and external validation remain necessary for clinical translation
The Effect of Job Factors and Work Environment Factors on Work Productivity Through Burnout in Nurses at Bhayangkara Hospital, Makassar
Get PDFIntroduction: The Indonesian National Nurses Association (PPNI) reports that 50.9 percent of nurses experience high levels of work stress, which can lead to burnout. Nursing is a demanding profession. This stress can lead to decreased work performance.
Methods: This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was 130 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and direct examinations in the field. Physical workload was measured by percentCVL (Cardio Vascula Load), mental workload was measured by NASA-TLX, work shifts, lighting using a lux meter, and interpersonal conflict, work productivity, and burnout using a questionnaire. Data analysis used AMOS-based path analysis.
Results: Physical and mental workload have a significant effect on burnout (p=0.007; p=0.014<0,05) but physical and mental workload do not have a significant effect on work productivity through burnout as a mediator (p=0.067; p=0.061>0,05). Work shifts do not have an effect on burnout (p>0.05), but the burnout mediator is significant ((p=0.017<0,05). Lighting has a significant effect on burnout (p=0.044<0,05) but lighting does not have a significant effect on work productivity through burnout as a mediator (p=0.050). And interpersonal conflict does not have a significant effect on burnout (p>0.05) but the burnout mediator is significant (p=0.008<0,05).
Conclusions: Work productivity is directly influenced by workload and work shifts and indirectly by work shifts and interpersonal conflict
The Impact of Pressure for IFRS Transparency and the Moderating Role of Personal Resilience on the Anxiety Symptoms of Financial Managers in Vietnamese Commercial Banks
Get PDFThis study explores the "human cost" behind the transition to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Vietnam, one of the emerging markets in the pioneering phase of adoption. The objective of the study is to develop and test a moderated model to clarify the conditional impact mechanism of the pressure for IFRS transparency on the anxiety symptoms of financial managers, while also considering the role of personal resilience and the organizational context. Using a quantitative method with a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 424 mid-level financial managers in Vietnamese commercial banks. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and multi-group analysis were used to test the research hypotheses. The research findings show that, when considering the entire sample, IFRS pressure does not have a significant direct impact on anxiety. However, this impact is deeply conditional and dependent on personal resources. Specifically, in the low-resilience group, IFRS pressure is a statistically significant detrimental factor, whereas in the high-resilience group, this effect is completely nullified. The study also indicates that the organizational context plays a moderating role, with the impact of pressure being most pronounced in state-owned banks and almost negligible in foreign banks. The main conclusion of the study is that the impact of IFRS pressure on mental health is not a constant, but a variable shaped by both the individual\u27s psychological "shield" and the organizational environment. Theoretically, the study enriches the JD-R model by demonstrating a complex cross-over interaction effect. Practically, these findings provide a scientific basis for banks to shift their focus from eliminating pressure to building resilience capacity for their staff, while also suggesting to policymakers the importance of managing cultural change in the IFRS adoption roadmap.Keywords: Anxiety symptoms; commercial banks; International Financial Reporting Standards; IFRS; resilience; Vietnam
The Cognitive Role of Lecturers in Sustainable Higher Education Development: A PLS-SEM Approach
Get PDFThis study explores the factors shaping faculty awareness of sustainable development in higher education and analyzes the impact of faculty awareness on institutional sustainability. Data were collected from 339 lecturers in Vietnamese universities and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that Faculty training and competence (as discussed later), green campus initiatives, and national and international collaboration significantly enhance faculty awareness, while institutional commitment has a small but insignificant positive effect, teaching methods are not significant. Faculty awareness itself positively contributes to sustainable development in higher education, confirming its mediating role between institutional factors and sustainability outcomes.The study enriches the literature by highlighting the cognitive role of faculty in advancing sustainability. Practical implications include investing in faculty development, expanding collaboration networks, promoting green campus strategies, and translating institutional commitments into concrete actions. Limitations relate to convenience sampling and cross-sectional data, suggesting directions for broader, longitudinal, and mixed-method research
Learning Needs Fulfillment and Problem-Solving Skill Correlation of Students in Elementary Schools
Get PDFIntroduction: the need for students to have problem-solving skills is very urgent, especially in science teaching, so that students\u27 potential needs to be facilitated as a form of fulfilling their learning needs in order to achieve the development of 21st-century education. This study investigated the correlation between the fulfillment of learning needs and students\u27 problem-solving abilities in science instruction within elementary schools. The research was grounded in the urgency of 21st-century skills development, especially critical and problem-solving thinking, in response to the educational demands of the industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 eras.Methods: a quantitative correlational survey design was applied. The population included elementary school students in Laweyan District. Data were gathered using a 4-point Likert-scale questionnaire to assess students’ perceptions of learning needs (readiness, interest, and learning profile) and open-ended questions to measure problem-solving ability (identification, alternative solutions, best solution implementation, and evaluation). Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.Results: findings revealed low but positive correlations between all aspects of learning needs and problem-solving skills. Readiness had the strongest correlation with generating alternative solutions r = 0.220, while interest was most strongly linked to executing the best solution r = 0.217. Learning profile showed the weakest associations across all indicators. The results emphasized that although learning needs are not dominant predictors, their integrated fulfillment contributes to improving problem-solving competence.Conclusions: the study concluded that comprehensive attention to students’ learning readiness, interest, and learning profiles supports the development of their problem-solving abilities. Science instruction should employ a holistic, differentiated approach to address varied student needs and enhance 21st-century skills
Destination Image, Tourist Intention, Motivation, and Constraints: An Analysis of their Influence on Visit Decision to Mentawai Islands
Get PDFTourist decision-making is often shaped by psychological factors such as destination image, intention, and motivation. However, the persistence of the intention–behavior gap and the overlooked role of travel constraints remain underexplored in emerging destinations such as the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the influence of destination image, tourist intention, motivation, and travel constraints on visit decisions to the Mentawai Islands, as well as to examine the mediating roles of tourist intention and motivation. A quantitative causal-associative design was employed using survey data from 175 tourists. Data were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling using Partial Least Squares (SmartPLS 4) to test both direct and mediating effects. Destination image, motivation, and travel constraints significantly and positively influenced visit decisions, whereas tourist intention showed no direct effect. Motivation mediated the impact of constraints on decision-making, while tourist intention did not. These findings confirm the persistence of the intention–behavior gap in tourism and emphasize the dual role of constraints, acting as both barriers and motivators. The study extends the Theory of Planned Behavior by incorporating constraint negotiation into the decision-making process. Practically, the results suggest that strengthening destination branding, improving accessibility, and managing perceived constraints through motivational strategies are critical to increasing tourist arrivals in the Mentawai Islands and similar island destination