Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Characterisation of exon two of the GJB2 gene in Cubans with autosomal recessive prelingual isolated hearing loss
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Hearing loss is the most common neurological disorder in humans. In its prelingual form, it occurs in one in every 1,000 live births. The most common type is isolated autosomal recessive hearing loss, caused mainly by pathogenic variants of the GJB2 gene. The most common of these in all populations is c.35delG, located in exon two, which encodes this gene. This mutation has been identified in heterozygosity in Cubans with hearing loss. Given its high allelic heterogeneity, Sanger sequencing is recommended to confirm the molecular diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To characterise exon 2 of the GJB2 gene in a series of Cuban patients with autosomal recessive prelingual isolated hearing loss. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. From 379 cases in which molecular study was performed by allele-specific PCR of the pathogenic variant c.35delG, 13 heterozygotes were selected in which deletions D13S1830 and D13S1854 of the GJB6 gene had previously been ruled out. Sanger sequencing of exon 2 was performed, for which four specific oligonucleotides were designed to amplify two overlapping fragments to ensure complete analysis of the coding region of the GJB2 gene. Given the characteristics of the c.35delG mutation, two additional primers were included to analyse the start of exon 2. Information on the identified variants was sought on the ClinVar website. The audiometric characteristics of the patients were observed. Throughout the research, the principles of human research ethics were followed. RESULTS The c.427C>T variant was identified in three individuals, while the c.94C>T mutation was found in another, and c.139G>T in a fifth. The patients presented sensorineural hearing loss with severity levels exceeding 61 dB. CONCLUSION: Three pathogenic variants were identified in the coding region of the GJB2 gene, associated with severe to profound hearing loss
Negotiating cultural salience：a Bourdieusian-Adaptation analysis of state-sponsored ethnic minority poem Zhao Shutun translation
Get PDFThis study investigates the negotiation of cultural salience in China’s state-sponsored translation of the Dai ethnic poem Zhao Shutun through a Bourdieusian-Adaptation framework. Post-2000, China’s translation policies shifted from a state- undifferentiated patronage to a state-differentiated model, institutionalizing ethnic texts like Zhao Shutun as instruments of cultural diplomacy. By synthesizing Bourdieu’s field theory—analyzing field constraints, capital conversion and institutional habitus—with Verschueren’s Adaptation Theory, the analysis uncovers how cultural salience is negotiated across four dimensions: (1) Contextual Adaptation: Field-specific salience dictates strategies through a tripartite filter—policy-driven prioritization, cultural valuation, and global readability adjustments; (2) Structural Adaptation: Linguistic and paratextual strategies systematically convert Dai cultural capital into symbolic capital; (3) Dynamic Adaptation: Institutional habitus governs translators’ real-time decisions, balancing phonetic fidelity with semantic domestication; (4) Salience Hierarchization: Translators habitually amplify high-salience rituals, negotiate moderate-salience symbols and erase low-salience terms. The findings reveal translation as a contested field where cultural authenticity is both valorized and systematically adapted to align with state-endorsed narratives of "multicultural unity." Theoretically, this study bridges sociological and pragmatic approaches, challenging Eurocentric World Literature paradigms by centering marginalized Chinese minority voices. Empirically, it demonstrates how authoritarian actors leverage institutionalized translation mechanisms to transform cultural diversity into soft power currency, proposing a multidimensional analytical model for state-mediated literary exchanges
Prototype design based on solutions provided by the artisans of the Ñawpa Pacha Association
Get PDFThe research revealed the design process of a prototype of handmade products made with fique by the artisans of the Ñawpa Pacha “Mundo Ancestral” Association of the Yascual Resguardo - Nariño - Colombia. The methodology used was the qualitative approach, type of Participatory Action Research (PAR), as data collection techniques, focus groups, interviews and co-creation workshops were conducted for the development of the prototype and the sample consisted of 25 artisans. The main result of the workshops, according to the analysis of the information, was the decision to present as a final prototype a home line, composed of several elements such as mats, lamps, wall hangings, and individuals, among others, made with fique. The most relevant conclusion was that the community of artisans demonstrated a sense of belonging, willingness, creativity and participation in the workshops and discovered their drawing skills and abilities, contributing to the elaboration of the prototype
Relationship Between Selective Attention and Study Habits in High School Students at José Ignacio Ordoñez Educational Unit
Get PDFIntroduction: selective attention is a fundamental cognitive process that enables individuals to filter and prioritize relevant information while avoiding distractions. Its role in education is crucial, as it influences concentration and academic performance. Similarly, study habits are systematic strategies that optimize learning. However, gaps remain in the literature regarding the relationship between selective attention and the development of study habits in high school students.Methods: a quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted with a sample of 142 high school students from the José Ignacio Ordoñez Educational Unit in San Pedro de Pelileo, Ecuador. Two instruments were applied: the D2 Attention Test, to measure attentional efficiency and concentration, and the Gilbert Wrenn Study Habits Inventory, to assess learning strategies. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS, applying Pearson\u27s correlation.Results: the findings indicated that students with higher attentional capacity demonstrated better study habits, including more efficient time management and greater concentration. However, the correlation between selective attention and study habits was significant but of low magnitude (r=0,204, p=0.015), suggesting that while a relationship exists, its impact on academic performance is not decisive.Conclusions: selective attention was found to influence the development of study habits, but other factors, such as self-regulation and the socio-educational context, may play a more significant role. It is recommended that future longitudinal and neuropsychological studies explore the relationship between attention, cognitive load, and neural plasticity to better understand the mechanisms that optimize learning in high school students
Social and economic determinants in the use of bottles and pacifiers by Ecuadorian mothers
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to identify the social and economic determinants influencing the use of bottles and pacifiers by Ecuadorian mothers. The objective was to explore the underlying factors guiding these decisions, considering aspects beyond the physical consequences, and promoting healthier parenting practices. The research employed an analytical and cross-sectional design, with a sample of 120 mothers selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling. PESTEL analysis was utilized to evaluate the political, economic, social, technological, ecological, and legal factors involved, along with a logistic regression model to quantify the relationship between social and economic variables and the use of bottles and pacifiers. The results highlighted the influence of government campaigns in urban areas, while also pointing out the access gap in rural areas. Economic and educational factors were significant determinants, revealing that mothers with lower incomes and educational levels were more likely to use these products. The impact of technology on access to information about breastfeeding was also identified. The need for public policies to close the information and service gaps, especially in rural areas, in order to promote more informed decisions about the use of bottles and pacifiers for children under 2 years of age, became evident
Psychosocial Recovery Interventions for Flood Victims: A Narrative Review
Get PDFFlood disasters have a significant impact on the psychosocial well-being of victims, including trauma, emotional distress, and mental disorders. Based on a literature review, the unexpected major flood that occurred in December 2021 in Malaysia marked a dark historical event, causing severe physical destruction and exacerbating psychological issues among victims. This study aims to examine effective psychosocial recovery interventions for flood victims using a narrative review approach. The analysis found that various types of interventions have been implemented, including community-based interventions, individual psychological therapy, education-based recovery programs, and spiritual and religious interventions. The study highlights that culturally sensitive and community-centered intervention approaches are more effective in addressing the psychosocial needs of flood victims. Additionally, continuous support and adapting intervention strategies to the social and cultural context play a crucial role in victims’ recovery. Therefore, this study provides guidance for developing more holistic and sustainable recovery strategies, which can help flood victims cope with psychosocial challenges more effectively while enhancing community resilience in facing future disasters
Mapping the Definition and Development Strategy of Entrepreneurship Self-Efficacy in Biology Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFIntroduction:Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE) is an individual\u27s belief in the ability to carry out entrepreneurial tasks. ESE is important to form students who not only master knowledge but also can apply it in innovation and entrepreneurship. However, the development of ESE in the context of Biology education is still a challenge and requires an understanding of the right strategy.Methods:This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by examining 22 articles selected from the Scopus database based on strict inclusion criteria. The focus of the analysis is the definition of ESE in Biology learning and students\u27 ESE development strategies.Results:ESE in Biology learning is defined as the student\u27s belief in applying biological knowledge in creating innovation and business opportunities. Effective ESE development strategies include project-based learning, the use of digital technologies such as e-learning and simulation, strengthening social support through mentoring, and developing creativity and leadership. The main challenges are the lack of practical experience and the lack of optimal integration of entrepreneurship in the curriculum.Conclusions:Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE) in Biology learning is the belief of students to apply biological science in creating innovations and business opportunities. ESE development can be done through project-based learning, the use of digital technology, as well as social support and mentoring
The Impact of Transformational Leadership and Student Self‑Resilience on Academic Performance in China’s Vocational Education
Get PDFIntroduction: Academic performance in vocational education is influenced by multiple psychological and institutional factors. Among these, Transformational Leadership (TL) from educators and Student Self-Resilience (SSR) are recognized as critical, yet their combined influence remains insufficiently examined within China’s vocational education context.Objective: This study aims to examine the direct effect of teacher transformational leadership on students’ academic performance (SAP) and to assess whether student self-resilience mediates this relationship.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 511 students from vocational colleges in Chongqing, China. Expectancy theory served as the theoretical framework. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4 to implement structural equation modeling (SEM) via partial least squares (PLS), allowing for assessment of path coefficients, mediation effects, explained variance (R²), and effect sizes (f²).Results: Transformational leadership had a significant positive direct effect on both student academic performance and student self-resilience. Additionally, self-resilience was found to significantly and positively influence academic performance. Mediation analysis revealed that SSR partially mediated the relationship between TL and SAP, indicating that SSR is an essential mechanism through which TL impacts academic outcomes.Conclusions: The findings support the integration of transformational leadership and student self-resilience development in vocational education. They extend expectancy theory by highlighting SSR as a key personal resource that enhances the effectiveness of leadership on academic outcomes. Practical implications suggest vocational institutions should invest in leadership development for teachers and implement resilience-building programs for students to sustain high academic performance.
Exploring Misconceptions in Biology Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFIntroduction: Misconceptions in biology education hinder students\u27 understanding and application of scientific concepts. This study systematically reviews existing literature to examine the nature of misconceptions in biology, their types, and their impact on learning.Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using the Scopus database. From an initial pool of 5,823 articles, 30 original studies were selected according to PRISMA inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The review uncovered multiple definitions of "misconception" in biology, all emphasizing incomplete or incorrect conceptual frameworks. Misconceptions ranged across genetics, ecology, and physiology, among other domains. Evidence shows these misconceptions create confusion, impede deep conceptual understanding, and lead to persistent errors when students attempt to apply biological knowledge in novel contexts.Conclusion: A comprehensive understanding of biology-related misconceptions is essential for designing targeted instructional strategies. By identifying and addressing these misconceptions, educators can foster clearer conceptual frameworks, enhance critical thinking, and promote deeper, more sustainable learning in biology. The findings underscore the importance of integrating corrective feedback and active-learning approaches to reduce conceptual errors and improve overall student outcomes in biology education.
Effectiveness of Interactive Lecture Demonstration (ILD) Model-Based Website in Improving Critical Thinking Skills of Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program (PGSD) Students
Get PDFThis research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a learning website based on the Interactive Lecture Demonstration (ILD) model in improving students\u27 critical thinking skills in the Primary School Teacher Education Study Program (PGSD). The research method used was an experiment with a pretest-posttest design and involved two groups, namely the experimental class and the control class, each consisting of 76 Primagraha University students. The experimental class received learning through an ILD-based website, while the control class used conventional methods. The analysis showed that the experimental class\u27s average posttest score (81.86) was higher than the control class\u27s (74.00). The N-Gain value for the experimental class reached 0.62 (62%) with the interpretation of "quite effective", while the control class was only 0.34 (34%), which was classified as "not effective". The independent sample t-test produced a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.003 < 0.05, which shows a significant difference between the two groups. The ILD website was developed based on Mayer\u27s multimedia theory and is equipped with interactive features such as animation, video and reflective activities that can encourage active student participation. This research concludes that the use of ILD-based websites is not only relevant to 21st century learning needs, but is also able to improve critical thinking skills significantly. This website is an alternative innovative learning solution that can be applied in the context of higher education, especially in the PGSD program