Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
Not a member yet
1715 research outputs found
Sort by
Measuring and strengthening intelligence and emotional competencies in higher education: A systematic analysis
Get PDFThe assessment of emotional intelligence and emotional competencies in higher education represents a constant challenge due to the complexity of these constructs and their increasing relevance in the academic and professional environment. This study aims to analyze the publications that report on the creation or validation of instruments to assess emotional intelligence and emotional competencies in adults, with special emphasis on their application in higher education. For this purpose, an exhaustive systematic review of articles published between 1994 and 2022 in the Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO databases was carried out, following the PRISMA methodology. Of the 4653 articles initially identified, 67 met the inclusion criteria. The results show the temporal evolution of scientific production, identifying authors, journals, countries, sample types and psychometric properties of the instruments analyzed. It is observed that the construction of tools to assess emotional intelligence began in 1998, while the development of specific instruments to measure emotional competencies intensified from 2010. In addition, in recent years there has been a growing interest in the assessment of emotional intelligence in adult populations with disabilities, mental health conditions or in contexts of deprivation of liberty, reflecting an inclusive approach. Finally, this systematic review highlights the proliferation of instruments in higher education and their importance for the development of training programs and intervention strategies aimed at strengthening these competencies in students and professionals
Predictive Technology in Maternal Health: artificial Intelligence Models for the Identification of Obstetric Risks
Get PDFIntroduction: obstetric complications are one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Artificial intelligence (AI) has proven to be an effective tool for predicting obstetric risks, enabling timely interventions. However, its implementation in countries with limited healthcare infrastructure remains a challenge.Methods: a predictive AI-based model was developed using clinical data from 2 500 pregnant women treated in Ecuadorian hospitals. Logistic regression, neural networks, and random forest algorithms were evaluated to predict complications such as preeclampsia, preterm birth, and gestational diabetes. Cross-validation techniques and inferential statistical analyses were applied.Results: neural networks demonstrated the best performance, with an accuracy of 92 % and an AUC-ROC of 0.94, outperforming traditional models. The main risk factors identified were high blood pressure, high body mass index, and family history.Conclusions: aI can significantly improve the early detection of obstetric complications, especially in resource-limited settings. Implementing these models in hospital systems would help optimize maternal-fetal care and reduce maternal mortality
Management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder at the Escuela Hospital, Honduras
Get PDFNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is an autoimmune-based nosological entity with inflammatory characteristics that affects the central nervous system: optic nerves, spinal cord and brainstem. Objective: To present a series of clinical cases to briefly review the management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Methodology: A retrospective and descriptive analysis was performed on the patients who attended the outpatient clinic of the Teaching Hospital and who have been diagnosed and followed up for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder over the last 20 years. Results: Eight patients (100.0%) were female, ranging in age from 19 to 45 years, with a mean of 32 years. All patients (8) (100.0%) underwent anti-aquapurin 4 antibodies for diagnosis; four (50.0%) had unremarkable brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is a disease that requires an accurate diagnosis based on clinical features, anti-aquapurin 4 antibodies, and imaging studies. Treatment may begin with steroids, although in cases where the disease is not controlled, rituximab may be used
Therapeutic Targets and Treatment Improvement Through Key Oncogenic Pathways in Cancer
Get PDFMany treatments for cancer have limited effectiveness and serious side effects, but it is still one of the main reasons of illness and death around the world. Because DNA abnormalities and the misregulation of signaling pathways make cancer so complicated, we need to find new therapy targets so that we can make medicines that work better and are more tailored to each person. Important cancer-causing pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, and JAK/STAT pathways, help cells grow, survive, form new blood vessels, and hide from the immune system. Understanding the molecular processes that control these pathways has made it possible to create tailored treatments that stop the abnormal signals that cause cancer to spread. This study looks at the current state of therapeutic targets and how key tumor pathways are used to treat cancer. New tailored therapies, like small chemicals, monoclonal antibodies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown promise in both clinical studies and everyday use. Resistance to these medicines, on the other hand, is still a big problem. Resistance mechanisms, like changes in the target gene, the start of alternative pathways, or immune escape, make treatment results more difficult and need more research. Combining genetic analysis and precision medicine makes it possible to find changes that are unique to cancer. This makes it easier to create personalized therapies that are better at beating treatment resistance. Using focused medicines along with standard treatments like radiation and chemotherapy is a new way to improve treatment effectiveness and reduce resistance
Eukaryotic-Specific Ribosomal Proteins: Pivotal Entities in Ribosomal Function without Corresponding Bacterial Equivalents
Get PDFAll organisms use a macromolecular device called the ribosome to synthesize proteins. The precise molecular intricacies, despite the significant advancements achieved in the research of the design and function of the bacterial ribosome, the mechanism that helps the eukaryotes\u27 ribosomal and related components assemble the polypeptide properly and swiftly remains to be determined. More Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and proteins are found in eukaryotic ribosomes than in eubacterial ribosomes. These extra components that add the ribosome\u27s primary and secondary structures are conserved. The function of these parts should be clarified to illuminate the eukaryotic ribosome\u27s techniques of translation and the molecular reasons behind their differences from eubacterial ribosomes. The research addresses a group of ribosomal proteins found in eukaryotes that do not have an equivalent in eubacteria. These proteins are crucial for messenger Ribonucleic Acid(mRNA) binding, nascent peptide folding, and ribosomal structure and function. It addresses how these proteins affect human illnesses and the expression of viruses and how they can serve as targets for antiviral medications
Planning, design, and implementation of STEAM projects through the flipped classroom methodology for high school students in Ecuador
Get PDFThe STEAM project encompasses several areas of study: Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics, reflecting its interdisciplinary nature that supports the comprehensive education of students in the Unified General Baccalaureate. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the critical and success factors related to its design, planning, and implementation in the case of the Unidad Educativa Fiscal 10 de Agosto in the city of Quito, during the 2024–2025 academic period. The research adopted a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, in which surveys were applied to teachers from the afternoon session and students from the Unified General Baccalaureate to characterize their perceptions regarding their knowledge, the procedures they manage, and the management of STEAM projects. The results obtained led to the design of a proposal based on the flipped classroom method, mediated by the use of technology; interactive activities that students can carry out autonomously and outside the classroom, fostering effective teacher–student feedback as a complement to the teaching-learning process, the development of individual and collaborative skills, and the strengthening of meaningful learning. This interactive didactic guide is designed in Google Sites, is easy to use for both teachers and students, facilitates the design, planning, and execution of STEAM projects, and confirmed the effectiveness of the flipped classroom as a viable and favorable alternative for such purposes.
Stress management and operational performance of police officers in border regions
Get PDFIntroduction: The well-being of police officers has been essential for their performance, especially in unsafe environments such as the border region of Tulcán, Ecuador. In fact, work stress and the lack of adequate institutional support have affected their physical, mental and emotional health. Therefore, the present study is aimed at analyzing the factors that affect the physical, mental and emotional well-being of police officers in Ecuador, with special emphasis on the border region of Tulcán. In addition, solutions are proposed to improve institutional support and the balance between work and personal life, to optimize their performance and effectiveness in fulfilling their duties.Methods: To achieve this objective, a methodological approach was used that included PESTEL analysis to measure each factor that impacts the well-being of officers. While to evaluate the most significant factor, Saaty\u27s AHP method was applied.Results: The results indicated that stress and social distrust are critical factors, and that individual coping strategies, although useful, are not sufficient without organizational change. Furthermore, the lack of structured institutional support contributed to the intensification of stress among police officers.Conclusions: It was concluded that it is urgent to implement public policies that promote comprehensive well-being, by improving psychological support programs. Likewise, a collaborative work environment is encouraged that strengthens both the resilience of officers and their operational effectiveness.
Nurses\u27 knowledge and attitude regarding patients\u27 stoma care
No full textBackground: Stoma is a Greek term meaning opening. Ostomy continues to hold a unique and significant role in the management and treatment of various medical conditions. ostomy procedures are often essential for improving patient outcomes, enhancing quality of life, and addressing complex health challenges. The nurses\u27 educational background and participation in continuous professional development programs have been linked to differences in nurses\u27 knowledge and attitudes toward stoma care. Objectives: To determine nurses\u27 knowledge and attitudes regarding patients\u27 stoma care. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 434 nurses. A non-probability purposive sampling technique and a self-administered structured questionnaire were used in this study. The study was done in a general hospital in Egypt. Result: In this study, 64.1% of nurses demonstrated adequate total knowledge. Also, a positive correlation was found between knowledge and opinions of nurses about stoma care. Conclusion: The study concluded that the majority of nurses had a satisfactory knowledge level regarding stoma care and a positive attitude level.
Palliative care outcomes in adult intensive care units: candidate quality outcome indicator items a scoping review protocol
Get PDFIntroduction: Palliative care (PC) outcomes in the ICU serve as indicators of the quality of care. However, the variability in outcomes presents a challenge in maintaining a clear focus on the goals of palliative care in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to map the outcomes of palliative care as potential quality indicators for PC in ICU settings.Method: This study followed the PRISMA-ScR approach, conducting a systematic search across multiple databases, including PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and BASE. The methodological framework was structured according to the guidelines suggested by Arksey and O\u27Malley.Result: A total of 57 studies were mapped to examine PC outcomes in the ICU. These outcomes were categorised into five thematic groups, with Spiritual Support being the least diverse, comprising only one outcome category: emotional and spiritual well-being.Conclusions: The outcomes of palliative care (PC) in the ICU could serve as potential quality indicators for assessing the effectiveness of palliative care in intensive care settings
Revealing the Information Delivery of Diabetes Prevention in K-12: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents correlates with reduced quality of life and heightened mortality rates. Incorporating diabetes education into early learning is essential as a proactive prevention strategy. Objective: This study seeks to examine and optimize the teaching of diabetes mellitus within K–12 education, aiming to bolster preventive measures among students.Methods: This research examines diabetes education within K–12 environments through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. A total of 1,192 articles were obtained from the Scopus database, with 17 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria and selected for detailed analysis.Results: The review identified various diabetes-related curricula and instructional strategies utilized in preschool, elementary, middle, and high school classrooms. The main learning objectives involved enhancing student awareness of diabetes and comprehending its risk factors. Preschool programs frequently involved parents to foster the development of healthy behaviors. Strategies employed in elementary and secondary schools encompassed class discussions, investigative learning, simulations, modelling, and community action projects. These methods enhanced students\u27 comprehension of diabetes, facilitated sustained behavior modification, and fostered the acquisition of self-regulation skills.Conclusion: The main objective of diabetes education in schools is to equip students with the understanding that diabetes can be largely prevented through healthy lifestyle choices. Effective lessons enable students to reflect on their behaviors and make informed decisions that promote long-term health and prevent diabetes