Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Beyond the Passenger Load: An Integrated Financial and Technological Analysis of Garuda Indonesia’s 2024 Net Loss
Full text linkIntroduction: the aviation industry faces significant financial and operational challenges amid global economic uncertainty and post-pandemic recovery pressures. In 2024, the company reported a net loss of USD 69.8 million, mainly driven by rising fuel and maintenance costs, currency depreciation, and high leverage. These factors highlight the need to explore not only financial management weaknesses but also the role of technological adaptation in operational efficiency and resilience.Objective: This study aims to identify the key factor contributing to Garuda Indonesia’s 2024 financial losses—whether ineffective cost control, inadequate liquidity management, or insufficient use of digital financial systems had the strongest impact on performance.Method: a quantitative-descriptive design was employed using secondary data from financial statements, operational reports, and macroeconomic indicators. Financial ratio analysis was used to measure profitability, liquidity, and efficiency, while a technological assessment examined Garuda’s digital transformation and cost optimization systems. Comparative benchmarking with industry peers was conducted to contextualize the findings and assess technological alignment with best practices in airline financial management.Results: findings show that while Garuda Indonesia achieved a 16 % increase in revenue, it suffered losses due to poor cost control, weakened liquidity, and underutilization of technological tools for real-time financial monitoring. Liquidity indicators—particularly current and quick ratios—fell below sustainable thresholds, while slight improvements in turnover ratios indicated marginal operational efficiency gains.
A Post-Pandemic Management Model for Enhancing Junior High School Teachers’ Professional Competence in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Development and Validation
Full text linkThe Covid-19 pandemic exposed critical gaps in the professional competence of Indonesian teachers, particularly in digital pedagogy and adaptive instruction. In the Special Region of Yogyakarta, government-led initiatives such as the Zoning-Based Learning Competency Development Program (PKP) and the Teacher Leadership Program (PPGP) were implemented during the pandemic but exhibited systemic weaknesses, including inconsistent execution, weak monitoring, and limited reach to suburban and remote schools. This study investigates the management models applied during the pandemic, identifies their operational shortcomings, and proposes a novel, empirically grounded conceptual model for post-pandemic teacher professional development. Using a mixed-methods research and development design adapted from Borg and Gall, data were collected through observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis involving 70 teachers, school principals, supervisors, and education officials in Bantul Regency. Findings reveal that existing models relied on only four classical management functions and suffered from poor planning, inadequate technological integration, and insufficient follow-up. In response, the researchers developed a six-function management model—planning, organizing, facilitating, actuating, controlling, and evaluating—centered on blended collaborative study groups and university–school partnerships. Expert validation (n = 8) and three phases of field trials (n = 10, 20, and 30 teachers) demonstrated high effectiveness (mean = 3.73), efficiency (mean = 3.73), and practicality (mean = 3.67) on a 4-point Likert scale. The model offers a scalable, context-sensitive framework for post-pandemic teacher development in Indonesia and similar Global South contexts
Digital Synergy in Educational Supervision: A Technology-Driven Model for Collaborative School Excellence
Full text linkThe rapid digital transformation in education has reshaped supervisory practices, demanding systems that move beyond administrative routines toward collaborative, transparent, and data-informed approaches. While digital tools have become increasingly accessible, many schools still employ them only for basic reporting, leaving unrealized the potential for technology to strengthen professional interaction and institutional improvement. This study aimed to evaluate a technology-mediated collaborative supervision model grounded in the concept of digital synergy, examining how the integration of digital platforms, data literacy, and collaborative supervisory routines contributes to managerial quality, teacher performance, and school effectiveness. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected from five public senior high schools in Padang City through document analysis, semi-structured interviews with principals and vice principals, and a Likert-scale questionnaire that assessed supervisory needs. Thematic analysis revealed that school leaders exhibit high awareness of the importance of digital tools, yet operational use remains limited, with technology functioning primarily as an administrative mechanism rather than an instrument for reflective supervision or joint decision-making. Collaborative supervision is widely valued but lacks structured digital routines to support shared analysis and sustained collegial engagement. Data-driven planning remains fragmented, with supervision results seldom informing strategic documents such as the RKJM. Despite these limitations, evidence of emerging digital synergy is visible in improved communication patterns and increased accessibility of supervisory records. The study concludes that technology-mediated supervision can enhance school performance when digital infrastructure, data competencies, and collaborative leadership are developed cohesively within an ethical and participatory supervisory culture.
Research Trends in Lesson Study Based on Scopus from 2015-2024: A Bibliometric Analysis
Full text linkIntroduction: this study aims to identify trends and research opportunities in lesson study development through bibliometric analysis.Method: the article data were sourced from Scopus over 10 years (2015 to 2024) and analyzed using VOSviewer. A systematic literature review approach with bibliometric analysis was employed.Results: research articles on lesson study showed fluctuating trends but generally increased, particularly in the last three years. The most productive countries were the United States, followed by the United Kingdom and Indonesia. Eleven clusters were identified, with 73 items related to lesson study. Research trends are associated with mathematics education, teacher development, community of practice, and professional development.Conclusions: a bibliometric analysis of Lesson Study literature helps researchers align its development with related topics, promoting sustained growth and diversification. Opportunities exist for research related to online lesson study, mentoring, noticing, and secondary education
Optimising Polyculture Systems for Stichopus horrens: Effects of Tilapia and Rabbitfish on Growth, Survival, and Benthic Dynamics
Full text linkIntroduction: integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) offers a sustainable alternative to monoculture by combining species with complementary trophic roles to improve nutrient recycling and environmental performance. Within this system, deposit-feeding sea cucumbers such as Stichopus horrens function as extractive organisms that convert organic wastes into biomass while contributing to sediment remediation. However, empirical evidence remains limited regarding how co-culturing S. horrens with tropical finfish influences growth, survival, and benthic conditions.Method: a controlled tank experiment was conducted at the Kawasan Konservasi Ilmiah (KKI) Gondol, Indonesia, using twelve fibre-reinforced plastic tanks arranged in a completely randomised design. Four configurations were tested: S. horrens + tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), S. horrens + rabbitfish (Siganus sp.), S. horrens monoculture, and a three-species assemblage. Each treatment consisted of three replicates with 15 sea cucumbers per tank. Growth performance, survival, faecal deposition, benthic community structure, and crustacean attachment were monitored throughout the culture period.Results: survival of S. horrens remained high across treatments (≈90–98 %, interpreted as 90–98 %), indicating strong tolerance to polyculture conditions. Monoculture produced the highest final weight (84,7 ± 34,8 g), followed by rabbitfish (75,3 ± 26,3 g), tilapia (61,3 ± 18,3 g), and the three-species system (54,9 ± 14,6 g). Rabbitfish grazing suppressed algal proliferation and benthic fouling, whereas tilapia-induced sediment disturbance reduced feeding stability. Crustacean attachment was lowest in treatments containing fish, suggesting secondary biofouling control.Conclusions: S. horrens can be effectively integrated into finfish polyculture, with ecological interactions strongly mediated by fish identity. Further research quantifying nutrient fluxes, stable-isotope assimilation, and benthic oxygen dynamics is recommended to refine stocking strategies and support system scalability
A Juridical Analysis on the Usage of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Instruments from the Perspective of the Indonesian Law No. 17 of 2023
Full text linkIntroduction: The quick development of artificial intelligence (AI) has spread to various sectors of health, including health technology. However, in line with the development of AI in the medical sector, complex medicolegal (legal and ethical) issues that health professionals, researchers, and policymakers must face start to emerge, such as the lack of legal regulations that govern AI, the issue of patient security and privacy, as well as who must take legal responsibility in case a certain issue occurs. This research aims to analyze how AI is used in health instruments from the perspective of Indonesian Law No. 17 of 2023 using a juridical analysis. Specifically, it aims to analyze the legal position of AI; telehealth and telemedicine in the Indonesian Health Law; the importance of data in the usage of AI in the health sector; risks in Using AI in the medical field; regulations on the use of AI in the medical field; and the implementation of telesurgery with the help of AI.Methods: This research employed the normative juridical research method with a doctrinal characteristic. It employed the statute approach. It means research based on previous research data, library data, systematic reviews and laws and regulationsResults: Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health has not regulated the use of artificial intelligence (AI). These unclear regulations may endanger the position of doctors and patients. The lack of regulations that govern medical services between doctors and patients via AI may lead to legal uncertainty. This will certainly lack providing AI service scope for patients and doctors, especially on the safety of utilizing telesurgery in long-distance surgeries. Telesurgery offers certain benefits for patients and doctors but its practice must consider the legal and ethical aspects.Conclusions: There should be regulations that govern the use of AI based on the medical ethical code and the ethical values that apply in society so that its use may always prioritize human interests
Internalization of Educational Values in Kungkurung Music in the Agrarian Society of South Kalimantan
Full text linkIntroduction: This study aims to examine the internalization of educational values contained in traditional kungkurung music in agrarian communities in South Kalimantan. As part of local cultural expression, kungkurung music functions not only as entertainment, but also as a means of character building, strengthening cultural identity, and as an educational medium based on local wisdom. Method: Using a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods, this study explores the meaning and function of kungkurung music through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and visual documentation and local archives, with a theoretical foundation of ethnopedagogy, ethnomusicology, and cultural anthropology.RESULTS: The results indicate that kungkurung music contains four main educational values. First, the value of collectivity, evident in group performance that emphasizes cooperation, mutual assistance, and social solidarity. Second, the value of discipline, evident in adherence to rhythm, regular practice, punctuality, and responsible instrument maintenance. Third, the value of spirituality, reflected in kungkurung\u27s function as a medium for ritual, collective prayer, and a symbol of protection from transcendental forces. Fourth, the value of ecological harmony is evident in the wise use of bamboo based on local conservation principles and the symbolism of human connection with nature through the instrument\u27s striking of the ground.Conclusions: This research confirms that kungkurung is a living curriculum that transmits noble values naturally through cultural practices. Integrating kungkurung music into formal and non-formal education has the potential to be a strategy for cultural preservation while strengthening character education based on local wisdom. Thus, preserving kungkurung means not only preserving the musical instrument but also safeguarding the social, spiritual, and ecological foundations of the agrarian community of South Kalimantan
Empowering Gen Z Parents through Digital Literacy Pedagogy: A Model for Navigating Parenting Advice on Social
Full text linkIntroduction: Social media platforms have become primary sources of parenting advice for Generation Z parents, yet their digital literacy skills in evaluating such content remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore how Gen Z parents engage with parenting advice on social media, examine how digital literacy pedagogy influences their content evaluation abilities, and identify components for an effective digital literacy model.
Method: A qualitative case study design was employed with 18 Gen Z parents aged 20-30 from West Sumatra, Indonesia, using semi-structured interviews, content mapping, and digital behavior observation. Thematic analysis revealed three key findings: participants demonstrated sophisticated platform-specific engagement strategies but relied on "relatability" rather than traditional credibility markers; digital literacy levels varied significantly, with context-specific blind spots even among technically proficient users; and participants desired community-based verification systems combining peer wisdom with expert oversight.
Results: The study challenges assumptions about digital nativity automatically translating to parenting-specific digital literacy, revealing that even digital natives require targeted support for evaluating social media parenting content. The findings suggest that effective digital literacy interventions must be domain-specific, ongoing, and incorporate collective intelligence approaches rather than focusing solely on individual critical evaluation skills.
Conclusions: This research contributes a novel theoretical framework emphasizing authenticity-based trust evaluation and community verification systems, providing practical implications for educators, policymakers, and digital platform designers seeking to support informed parenting decisions in social media environment
Elevated Urinary 3-OH-BaP Levels and CYP1A1 Enzyme Activity in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case-Control Study in a High-Pollution Region
Full text linkIntroduction: pollutants related to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as the carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Urinary 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OH-BaP) is a key biomarker for BaP exposure. Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE-dG), the ultimate metabolite of BaP, correlates with CYP1A1 activity. However, the correlation with urinary 3-OH-BaP remains unexplored in ALL. Exploring the relationship between urinary 3-OH-BaP and CYP1A1 enzyme levels in ALL patients, the present study makes a valuable contribution to global research, addressing the lack of non-Western data on urinary PAH biomarkers in pediatric ALL.
Method: this was a case-control study including 68 subjects (33 patients and 35 healthy controls). Urine was collected for 3-OH-BaP detection via HPLC, and isolate of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) for CYP1A1 enzyme levels via an ELISA kit.
Results: mean urinary 3-OH-BaP levels were 623 ± 463 ng/mL in ALL cases vs. 286 ± 155 ng/mL in controls (p = 0,000). Mean CYP1A1 levels were 0,4817 ± 0,17 ng/mL in ALL cases vs. 0,3018 ± 0,03 ng/mL in controls (p = 0,000). A positive correlation was found between urinary 3-OH-BaP and PBMC CYP1A1 levels (r = 0,417, p < 0,001).
Conclusion: the association between elevated urinary 3-OH-BaP and PBMC CYP1A1 levels in ALL patients compared to healthy controls suggests a role of CYP1A1 in BaP detoxification during carcinogenesis in pollution-exposed children
VR-Edupanc: Development of a Virtual Reality-Based Digital Game Learning Model for Civic Education in Elementary Schools
Full text linkIntroduction: this research focuses on the development and initial evaluation of the VR-Edupanc application, a Virtual Reality-Assisted Digital Game-Based Learning learning medium to support the understanding of Pancasila values in elementary school students. This application was developed as a solution to overcome the still abstract and less interesting learning in Pancasila Education.
Methods: this research uses the Research and Development method by adapting the Dick and Carey learning design model which is limited to the formative evaluation stage. The research process includes product design, expert validation, and limited trials on students. Validation was carried out by two material experts, two media experts, and one linguist using a Likert scale instrument, while the user response test involved nine fifth-grade students through a small group evaluation.
Results: the results showed that the VR-Edupanc application was categorized as very feasible, with an average validation score of 90.6 % from material experts, 89.3 % from media experts, and 85.3 % from linguists. Student responses also showed a very feasible category with an average score of 90.1 %, especially in the aspect of increasing student motivation, engagement, and understanding in Pancasila learning. Thus, the VR-Edupanc application has been declared to meet the eligibility criteria as an interactive learning medium that provides an immersive learning experience.
Conclusions: however, this research is still limited to the formative evaluation stage, so further research is needed to test its practicality and effectiveness on a broader scale