Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Transversal education in higher education: a study on emotional competencies and emotional intelligence in Veterinary Medicine and Nursing
Get PDFThe research focuses on the importance of transversal education in higher education, with a particular emphasis on emotional competencies and emotional intelligence in Veterinary Medicine and Nursing students in Chile, aligning with current educational policies and accreditation standards. The objective was to analyze levels of emotional competencies and emotional intelligence, as well as their correlations. A quantitative approach was adopted using instruments such as the Adult Emotional Competencies Inventory (ICEA) and the TMMS-24 Emotional Intelligence Scale, applied to a sample of n=969 students. The results revealed significant strengths in areas such as emotional autonomy and social competencies, alongside areas for improvement in emotional awareness and emotional regulation, highlighting significant correlations between emotional competencies and key components of emotional intelligence. The strong relationship between emotional competence (CE) and clarity (CLAR) indicates that higher emotional understanding is linked to better management of emotional states. Additionally, positive correlations between emotional competence, attention (ATE), and repair (REP) suggest that individuals with higher emotional competence also exhibit better emotional regulation and repair abilities. These findings underscore the importance of integrating emotional competencies into university curricula, as their development can positively impact overall emotional intelligence. The study highlights the value of educational practices focused on emotional skills, promoting a transversal, gradual, sequential, and evaluated formative trajectory within educational programs, with specific strategies designed to enhance emotional awareness and regulatio
Quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis Nuble, Chile, 2023
Get PDFIntroduction: chronic kidney disease involves a gradual and irreversible loss of renal function, impacting nephrons and quality of life due to dialytic treatment on physical, psychological, and independence levels. The objective was to determine the quality of life of users with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis in Nuble, Chile. Methods: a quantitative, descriptive study with 153 users was conducted. The Kidney Disease and Quality of Life – 36 questionnaire was administered, assessing quality of life across four subscales. Results: the majority (59,5 %) were male, with 51,6 % aged over 61. The average quality of life score was 47,7, with notable emphasis on "Perception of physical and mental health" (71,9 %) and "Burden of kidney disease" (77,1 %).Conclusions: the quality of life of users with chronic kidney disease in this study was characterized by an average below 50 %, indicating a generally low evaluation
AI in the development of vaccines for emerging and re-emerging diseases
Get PDFIntroduction: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into vaccine development has revolutionized traditional methodologies, significantly enhancing the speed, precision, and scalability of immunological research. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, driven by zoonotic spillovers, antimicrobial resistance, and global environmental changes, pose substantial challenges. Addressing these requires innovative approaches, with AI playing a pivotal role in advancing immunological solutions.Development: AI applications in vaccinology include antigen detection, adjuvant optimization, and immune response simulation. Deep learning algorithms streamline the identification of immunogenic targets and conserved antigens, enabling vaccine development for highly mutable pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and influenza. Case studies demonstrate AI\u27s transformative impact, including its role in the rapid creation of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19, identification of promising antigens for malaria, and enhanced efficacy of influenza vaccines through predictive modeling. However, challenges such as unequal access to technology, biases in data models, and ethical concerns regarding genomic data privacy persist. Recommendations to address these barriers include increasing data diversity, strengthening ethical frameworks, and investing in global infrastructure to democratize AI-driven innovations.Conclusions: AI\u27s ability to reduce time and cost, improve vaccine precision, and enable personalized immunization strategies positions it as a cornerstone of modern vaccinology. With continued advancements and equitable implementation, AI holds the potential to reshape vaccine development, improve pandemic preparedness, and address longstanding public health disparities globally
Radiofrequency endometrial ablation for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding literature review
Get PDFThis systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of radiofrequency endometrial ablation (RFA) for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). The study focuses on the comparison of RFA with other techniques and includes a search in databases such as PubMed and Scopus, as well as Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were articles that addressed RFA for AUB, presented or synthesized scientific evidence on its efficacy, safety, or patient satisfaction, and did not limit themselves to technical aspects of the procedure. The results showed that RFA is an effective and safe treatment for AUB, with a rapid recovery and reduced need for additional surgery. However, it is associated with side effects such as pelvic pain, infection, and uterine perforation. The study also highlights the importance of considering patient preferences and clinical variability when choosing the best treatment for AU
Effects of intradialytic exercise on muscle strength and physical capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis
Get PDFIntroduction: patients with advanced stages of chronic kidney disease present a hypercatabolic state characterized by loss of body proteins, which has a negative impact on physical capacity and muscle strength, particularly in patients undergoing hemodialysis, leading to reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Exercise has been shown to improve muscle function in this population, but remains underutilized due to safety concerns and lack of evidence.Methodology: we conducted a descriptive systematic review of cohort studies and randomized clinical trials published in the last 5 years in English or Spanish whose main intervention is intradialytic physical exercise was conducted.Results: thirteen studies were analyzed that described an improvement in physical and functional capacity of patients who were included in the intradialytic exercise groups, although changes regarding body composition were not significant. Conclusions: the implementation of structured and supervised exercise programs during hemodialysis can mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged inactivity, improve physical function, and ultimately improve the quality of life of CKD patient
BERT-based two-channel neural network model text emotion analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: Text emotion analysis, or sentiment analysis, is a crucial area in natural language processing (NLP) focused on identifying emotions within textual data. Challenges in this field include disappearing gradients, information loss, and the lack of contextual semantics.Methods: To address these challenges, we propose a BERT-based model utilizing a two-channel neural network for enhanced emotion classification. The model transforms text into word vectors using BERT, which excels in capturing contextual information. The architecture includes Augmented Recurrent Neural Networks-mutated Unidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (ARNN-Uni-LSTM) to extract local semantic features and capture long-range dependencies. Preprocessing involved tokenization and Word2Vec on publicly available text emotion datasets. The first channel employs ARNN for local feature extraction, while the second uses Uni-LSTM for broader context.Results: Experiments conducted in Python demonstrated that our model outperformed traditional methods, achieving precision of 97.18%, recall of 94.56%, and an F1 score of 96.26%.Conclusions: The BERT-based model shows significant promise for applications such as customer feedback analysis, social media monitoring, and mental health diagnostics, offering a foundation for advanced emotion recognition systems.
Posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth in Chilean children and adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the lifestyles of children and adolescents, with school closures and social isolation affecting their mental health. This study aims to evaluate a predictive model incorporating sociodemographic (age and sex), pandemic-related (infection or death of close ones), and psychological variables (rumination, coping strategies) to predict PTSS and PTG in Chilean youth during the pandemic.Methods: The study included 1,466 children and adolescents from Chile, with 48.6% girls and 51.4% boys, aged 10 to 17 years. Bivariate relationships and hierarchical linear regression models were evaluated.Results: Productive and unproductive coping strategies, intrusive and deliberate rumination, gender, age, and pandemic-related variables, such as the death of a loved one, predicted PTSS and PTG.Conclusions: These findings enhance understanding of factors related to PTG and improve the ability to predict PTSS and PTG in children and adolescents after stressful events. They also inform potential strategies for interventions to mitigate the effects of adverse events on mental health.
Impact of a Mandibular Advancement Device on Sleep Stages and Micro-Awakenings: A Case Series Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are prevalent sleep-related breathing disorders with significant social and medical implications. Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are a recognized treatment option for managing snoring and mild to moderate OSA; however, their impact on sleep architecture requires further investigation. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of MAD placement on total sleep duration, sleep stage distribution, and micro-awakenings. Methods: A total of 12 participants (66.67% male, 33.33% female) underwent polysomnography before and 60 days after MAD placement. Sleep duration in different stages and the frequency of micro-awakenings were analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using t stutends. Results: After MAD placement, total sleep duration increased, along with prolonged stage 2 and 3 NREM sleep (p > 0.05). However, the number of micro-awakenings, particularly those associated with respiratory events and snoring, also increased significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The MAD contributed to an increase in total sleep duration and deeper sleep stages, which may indicate a beneficial effect on sleep architecture.
Revalorization of Traditions and Cultural Tourism: A Case Study in Jipijapa, Ecuador from the Perspective of Innovation
Get PDFIntroduction: cultural tourism as a form of alternative tourism shows significant growth in the 21st century, in which more and more heritage places are saturated by the increase in the number of tourists. The objective of this study is to analyze the revaluation of ancestral traditions and their impact on cultural tourism in Jipijapa, Ecuador. The aim is to identify the innovative actions implemented to preserve and promote ancestral traditions in this locality.Methods: a descriptive-exploratory research is carried out using a mixed methodology that included documentary analysis, interviews with key actors in the tourism and cultural sector, and surveys of the inhabitants of the Jipijapa communityResults: the results reveal that the revaluation of ancestral traditions has been driven by innovative actions, such as the creation of cultural festivals, the promotion of thematic tourist routes and the implementation of training workshops for the local community.Conclusions: these actions have strengthened cultural tourism in Jipijapa, generating greater interest on the part of visitors and greater recognition of local cultural identity, highlighting the importance of revaluing ancestral traditions to enhance cultural tourism to guarantee sustainable development and the preservation of local cultural identity.
Maintenance psychotherapeutic intervention designed for young people with major depressive disorder to prevent relapse
Get PDFMajor depression is one of the most disabling disorders affecting individuals at the biological, functional, and psychosocial levels. A thorough understanding of this nosological entity will allow healthcare professionals to provide more comprehensive and effective care to patients suffering from it. This research employed a descriptive, mixed-method approach. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus-indexed sources such as Sciencedirect, PubMed, Medline, and Scielo, among others. Experts were consulted based on previously established criteria and processed using the Compensatory Fuzzy Logic method. The results provided a deeper understanding of the factors that influence depression in young people, among which individual factors such as emotional instability, low self-esteem, cognitive rumination, and a lack of coping styles stood out. A psychotherapeutic intervention protocol was developed based on the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) model, with the goal of promoting flexibility, fostering emotional well-being, and fostering acceptance. The use of Compensatory Fuzzy Logic allowed us to prioritize the factors with the greatest therapeutic impact, facilitating the design of the protocol for young people in the city of Ambato. It was found that although social and environmental factors influence depression, it is important to pay special attention to internal factors such as cognitive-emotional and personality factors to achieve effective psychotherapy and treatment for major depression in young people and prevent relapses