Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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Exploring the Relationship between Olive Cake Meal, Bacillus licheniformis, and Broiler Chicken Growth, Muscle Fatty Acid Composition, and Health Parameters
Get PDFThe research investigates how Olive Cake Meal (OCM) and Bacillus licheniformis can influence broiler chicken growth, muscle fatty acid (FA) composition, and various health parameters. A total of 1,300 newly hatched Red Broiler chickens were randomly assigned to the Control Group (n = 451) and the Experimental Group (n = 849), which were then divided into three additional groups Ex1 received a low, (4%), Ex2 contains moderate (6%) and Ex3 indicates high (9%) concentration of OCM and Bacillus licheniformis. During the 45 days, Body Weight (BW), Feed Intake (FI), and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured, for muscle FA composition and health markers. The data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test, where significant differences (p < 0.05) were determined for BW, FI, and FCR in the experimental groups, especially during the earlier growth stages. The experimental subgroups of chickens demonstrated better nutrient absorption, improved FA profiles, and increased muscle vitamin E content, with the superlative results perceived in the Ex3 condition. Results indicate that OCM and Bacillus licheniformis can enhance broiler chicken growth performance, improve muscle FA composition, and potentially improve overall chicken health status, which would have implications for poultry nutrition
Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum in fungal diseases associated with tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Get PDFIntroduction: Fungal diseases in tomato cultivation are the main phytosanitary factor that reduces yields. The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the potential biocontroller of Trichoderma harzianum in mushrooms associated with cultivation. Methods: The samples of leaves, roots and stems of diseased plants were collected and processed by the fungal isolation method in vegetable tissue and papa dextrose agar (PDA), the growths were purified, typified and tested for pathogenicity. The potential biocontroller was evaluated under in vitro conditions with the dual cultivation technique in PDA confronting the antagonist with each pathogen. The study employed an random design, with 7 treatments and 4 repetitions, conformed by: 3 dual cultures, 4 witnesses corresponding to each pathogen and the antagonist. The degree of mycoparasitism, the percentage of inhibition of the radial growth (PCR) of the antagonist and the presence of antibiosis between the antagonist and the pathogens were evaluated every 24 hours for 15 days. Results: The fungi were identified: Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium sp. The tests of confrontation evidenced the presence of the mechanisms of action characteristic of this species of biocontroller, although it varies according to the species. The antagonistic capacity for micoparasític action was grade 4 with A. alternata and Pythium and grade 3 with F. oxysporum, the strangulation and enzymatic lysis were observable at the microscopic level. The action of antibiosis was present with all pathogens, while the action of competition in growth was significant only with A. alternata and F. oxysporum. When evaluating the PICR it was found that the antagonist showed high and significant inhibition with A. alternata (55.43%) and F. oxysporum (31.01%), while no inhibition was found with Pythium, although when entering contact, the antagonist showed mycopasitic action stopping the growth and invading the pathogen until it sporulates on it. Conclusions: That T. harzianum has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent in fungal diseases associated with tomato cultivation
Sustainability and cultural preservation of Inti Raymi in Ecuadorian communities
Get PDFInti Raymi, an ancient festival that honors the winter solstice in the Andean worldview, has faced various contemporary challenges due to commercialization and touristification, which threatens its authenticity. This study focused on analyzing the current challenges and preservation strategies of Inti Raymi as intangible cultural heritage, highlighting its impact on cultural identity, the local economy and the sustainability of Andean traditions in Ecuador. To do this, a qualitative approach was used based on documentary review and interviews with community leaders and cultural heritage experts. The results showed that the main challenges include the denaturalization of the festival due to the influence of tourism, the disconnection of new generations with traditions and the lack of effective public policies. However, it was also identified that Inti Raymi has shown a positive impact on the local economy, although its long-term sustainability would be compromised if adequate measures are not taken. In conclusion, the need to implement educational strategies and public policies that integrate cultural preservation with sustainable economic development was evident. They even guarantee the balance between modernization and conservation of traditional values, by ensuring the continuity of the festival in the future
Aspects of enterprise architecture in emerging technologies, smart cities and the health sector: a bibliometric study
Get PDFThe article conducts a bibliometric study to identify application factors and trends in the implementation of enterprise architecture (EA) in emerging technologies, in health and smart cities. The benefits of using enterprise architecture in various contexts are discussed, such as the complexity of its implementation in healthcare, including the need to balance institutional logics, ensuring privacy and security of patient data to improve operational efficiency and patient care. Additionally, the potential of EA to address the complexity and integration of systems associated with digital transformation in smart cities is highlighted, linking emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence
Trends in Promoting Cultural Awareness in Biology Education: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Mapping Analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: Biology education is essential in enhancing students\u27 cultural awareness by integrating local wisdom. However, does the reality align with these expectations? Therefore, this bibliometric analysis is conducted as an initial step to address the following questions: 1) Mapping the trends in cultural awareness studies within biology education. 2) Identifying research gaps in cultural awareness studies within biology education. 3) Proposing alternative solutions to bridge these gaps.Methods: This study employs a bibliometric approach. Data were obtained from the Scopus database using the following keywords: TITLE-ABS-KEY ("cultural sensitivity" OR "cultural awareness" OR "cultural competence" OR "intercultural understanding" OR "cultural intelligence" OR "cultural appreciation" OR "cross-cultural knowledge" OR "intercultural awareness" OR "global awareness" OR "diversity awareness") AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (biology) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (education OR learning). Data analysis was conducted using VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel.Results: A total of 32 scientific publications were recorded from 2003 to March 2025, with an average of two publications per year. The most frequently occurring keyword is evolution, appearing seven times, while the strongest linked keyword is cultural competence, with a total link strength of 192. Conclusions: The trends in cultural awareness studies within biology education remains very low and stagnant. There is a notable gap in ethnobiology education, which should play a crucial role in promoting students\u27 cultural awareness but is rarely studied. The proposed solution is to expand the ethnobiology education approach beyond an intradisciplinary ecological perspective to include an interdisciplinary social approach, thereby enhancing students\u27 cultural awareness
Comparing Carbapenems and Cephalosporin-Beta-Lactamase Combinations for Treating Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella Sepsis
Get PDFBackground: Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) presents a serious global health threat, particularly in critical care settings where it significantly contributes to mortality in patients with severe sepsis. Carbapenem-based regimens, once the mainstay for Gram-negative infections, have shown declining efficacy due to growing resistance. In response, cephalosporin–beta-lactamase inhibitor (C-BLI) combinations such as ceftazidime–avibactam and cefiderocol have emerged as potential alternatives, though their clinical superiority remains uncertain.Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy of carbapenem-based regimens versus C-BLI combinations in the treatment of severe sepsis caused by CRKP, following PRISMA guidelines.Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies published between 2010 and 2024. Primary outcomes included 30-day mortality, microbiological clearance, and nephrotoxicity.Results: Carbapenem-based combinations particularly those including colistin or tigecycline, were associated with reduced mortality but increased nephrotoxicity. In contrast, C-BLI regimens demonstrated better microbiological clearance and a more favorable toxicity profile. However, their efficacy against certain resistance mechanisms—especially metallo-beta-lactamases—remains limited. Agents like ceftazidime–avibactam show promise but are challenged by emerging resistance.Conclusion: Therapeutic decisions should be individualized, considering local resistance patterns, patient comorbidities, and drug toxicities. There is an urgent need for further large-scale randomized trials to identify optimal treatment strategies for CRKP-induced severe sepsis and mitigate antibiotic resistance
Ethical dilemma in nursing care for patients with limited mobility
Get PDFThis article analyzes the ethical dilemma in nursing care for patients with limited mobility through a case study. The limitation of mobility in bedridden patients leads to the development of pressure ulcers. A case is presented of a 53-year-old man who, on the sixth day of hospitalization for a femur fracture that caused limited mobility, developed a grade II pressure ulcer during his course of care. Methodology: The information for this work was obtained through a case report, using a descriptive cross-sectional study with an observational study factor and a prospective chronology. Results: The violation of several bioethical principles was identified: justice for the inequality in the allocation of resources, beneficence for the omission of basic care, non-maleficence for the unnecessary suffering caused and autonomy for not allowing the patient to express his or her needs for preventive actions. Discussion: The violation of bioethical principles in the hospital setting involves a transgression of the essential values guiding medical ethics, and this violation is more common than often believed. Conclusion: The breach of bioethical principles can have negative consequences for both patients and families, making it crucial to implement preventive measures to avoid complications
Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Used in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: A Literature Review
Get PDFIntroduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease primarily caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis), although it can also involve other organs (extrapulmonary tuberculosis).Objective: To identify specific M. tuberculosis antigens used in tuberculosis diagnosis, as well as the various detection methods, evaluating their effectiveness and applicability in different clinical contexts.Method: A comprehensive search of studies published between January 2014 and May 2024 was conducted in biomedical databases, using Boolean operators to locate relevant articles. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select original studies on antigens and diagnostic methods.Results: The findings of this review highlight the relevance of various M. tuberculosis antigens, such as ESAT6, CFP10, MPT64, LAM, and Ag85B, in tuberculosis diagnosis. Detection methods include immunoenzymatic techniques and nucleic acid amplification, each with variations in sensitivity and specificity. The selection of the most appropriate diagnostic approach depends on the clinical and epidemiological context, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies.Conclusions: The use of specific M. tuberculosis antigens is essential for early detection and management of tuberculosis. Emerging technologies offer more precise and accessible alternatives, with the potential to enhance diagnosis in primary care settings and high-risk populations, contributing to global disease control and improved public health outcomes
ESBL superbacteria in fresh waters of Tungurahua: risks and regulatory gaps
Get PDFIntroduction: currently, antimicrobial resistance and more specifically extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria are a growing global threat. The fresh waters of Tungurahua-Ecuador are very important because of the diversity of uses they provide and could also be a source and dissemination route of ESBL with a potential risk to public health and the environment.Methods: a descriptive, qualitative-quantitative observational study was carried out in the province of Tungurahua. Thirty points (5 rivers, 25 pools) were analyzed by non-probabilistic sampling. Physicochemical variables (pH, chlorine, temperature) were measured in situ and in the laboratory. Bacteria were isolated and phenotypically characterized. A qualitative regulatory analysis was performed to detect regulatory gaps in antimicrobial resistance and ESBL.Results: ESBL phenotype was detected in 28 of the 30 sites (93,3 %): 5 rivers and 23 of the 25 pools. In rivers, E. coli ESBL (72,7 %) and KEC (Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter) (27,3 %) were the most frequent. In swimming pools, Acinetobacter ESBL (60,6 %), KEC (15,2 %), Pseudomonas (15,2 %) and E. coli (9,1 %) were the most frequent. Regulatory analysis revealed that TULSMA lacked specific AMR/ESBL parameters, mandatory periodic monitoring and alert thresholds.Conclusions: the evidence revealed severe contamination by ESBL, linked to wastewater and agricultural discharges, which increases the health and environmental risk. There is an urgent need to improve water treatment, discharge controls and monitoring. The TULSMA lacks parameters for AMR, ESBL, ARGs and “One Health” approach; it requires PCR and intersectoral surveillance and active training
The Impact of Supervisor Support, Organizational Justice, and Psychological Empowerment on Organizational Change Commitment
Get PDFThis study aims to clarify the mechanisms through which individual and organizational factors shape lecturers\u27 commitment to organizational change, with a particular focus on the mediating role of readiness for change. It examines the influence of psychological empowerment, organizational justice, and supervisor support on commitment to change among public university lecturers in Indonesia. Using a non-experimental quantitative approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires from 213 lecturers across various faculties in Padang. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the proposed causal model. The findings show high levels of psychological empowerment, organizational justice, supervisor support, readiness for change, and commitment to change. The dimensions of “meaning” (psychological empowerment) and “interpersonal” (organizational justice) emerged as the most salient. The structural model demonstrated strong reliability and validity, confirming that psychological empowerment and organizational justice significantly enhance both readiness and commitment to change. Supervisor support positively influenced readiness, but not directly commitment. Notably, readiness for change served as a key mediator in the model. These findings underscore the importance of fostering an empowering, just, and supportive environment to enhance change readiness and strengthen commitment, particularly in academic institutions undergoing transformation