Omar Al-Mukhtar University Journals
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The Use of Enteromorpha prolifera in the Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Seawater in the Sousa–Al-Haneya Areas
Get PDFThe results of the seawater samples taken from the two study sites (Sousse and Hanieh), and the algae samples taken from a less polluted location, were used to analyze the algae and water to determine the levels of heavy metals (lead (Pb+) and copper (Cu+2).The analysis results showed that the seawater in the Hanieh area, compared to the Sousse area, contained twice as much Cu+2 as the Sousse area, reaching 24.043 ppm, while the Sousse area contained 13.040 ppm. The opposite was true for the Pb+ element, with higher levels in the Sousse area. The percentage of elements in the moss before the experiment was (1.457 ppm Cu+2) (0.063 ppm Pb+). Therefore, after the experiment, these elements increased in the moss at the first study site (Cu+24.430 ppm) (2.730 ppm Pb+) and at the second study site after the experiment (5.557 ppm Cu+2) (4.282 ppm Pb+). This indicates that the moss absorbs heavy metals present in the water, as their percentage decreased and increased in the moss. Therefore, we recommend using this type of moss to combat pollution
Exploring Anatomical Variations of the Vermiform Appendix on Multidetector CT
Get PDFAcute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain requiring urgent abdominal surgical intervention. Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging examination for the evaluation of patients due to its high sensitivity and specificity. The appendix is a highly variable organ with many possible configurations of its location. Depending on the position of the appendix, the signs and symptoms of appendicitis may also vary and mimic other surgical conditions. Diagnosing appendicitis requires an understanding of the anatomy of the vermiform appendix, which may vary from patient to patient. This study aims to describe the prevalence of anatomical variations of the vermiform appendix on multidetector CT (MDCT). Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive abdominal CT exams (age ≥ 15) performed over eleven months was done. The final study population consisted of 669 patients, 317 men and 352 women, mean age of 51.85 years ± 16.39 (SD), age range, 15-91 years. A classification system was used to describe the different positions of the appendix apex. Results: The most common location of appendix apex was subcecal in 180 (26.9%), followed by pelvic in 153 (22.9%), midline in 130 (19.4%), retrocecal in 100 (14.9%), postileal in 29 (4.3%), paracecal in 20 (3%), others in 19 (2.8%), antececal in 18 (2.7%), hepatic in 14 (2.1%), preileal in 6 (0.9%). Analysis of relative frequencies of appendix locations in relation to patient gender using a chi-square test showed that the pelvic and post-ileal positions of the appendix were statistically significantly higher in females compared to males (p<0.0001, P=0.0158 respectively). The most common 
Development and Validation of HPLC-UV Method for Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride in Tablets Available in the Libyan Market
Get PDFتم تطوير طريقة HPLC-UV سريعة وبسيطة والتحقق من صحتها؛ لتقدير الميتفورمين هيدروكلوريد في شكل جرعة قرصية، وكذلك لتحديد العلامات التجارية المختلفة للميتفورمين هيدروكلوريد باستخدام اختبار BP كروماتوغرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة. تم إجراء طريقة الكروماتوغرافى السائل عالي الأداء على عمود C18 معكوس الطور (250 x4.6 مم ، 5 ميكرومتر) بمعدل تدفق 1.0 مل دقيقة -1 مع الكشف بواسطة الأشعة فوق البنفسجية عند 236 نانومتر. تم إجراء الطور المتحرك بطريقة ثابتة وتحتوي على 52٪ أسيتونيتريل، و 48٪ طور مائي (0.1 مولار بوتاسيوم ثنائي هيدروجين أورثوفوسفات). تم تعديل الأس الهيدروجيني للطور المتحرك إلى 5.5. تم إجراء التحقق من صحة الطريقة التحليلية لتحديد ميتفورمين هيدروكلوريد في شكله الدوائى كأقراص بعد حدود مثل: ملاءمة النظام، والنوعية، وحد القياس الكمي، وحد الكشف، وأشكال الذروة وعدم التناسق تم إنتاجها. وكذلك تم حساب الدقة، وأظهرت استنساخًا ممتازًا ((RSD = 0. 1-0.57٪ وتم اختبار خطية الطريقة في نطاق 4.0-12.0 ميكروغرام مل -1 للميتفورمين هيدروكلوريد. أيضا تحديد حدود الكشف، والقياس الكمي أيضًا لتكون أقل من 2.7 ميكروغرام مل -1، و 8.0 ميكروغرام مل -1 على التوالي.A rapid and simple HPLC-UV method has been developed and validated for the estimation of metformin HCl formulated in tablet dosage form, as well as to identify different commercial brands of metformin HCl using BP test Thin Layer Chromatography. The HPLC method was performed on a Reversed-Phase Brownlee Bio C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a 1.0 mL min-1 flow rate with UV detection at 236 nm. The mobile phase was conducted in an isocratic manner and contained 52% acetonitrile and 48% aqueous phase (0.1M Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate). The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 5.5. The validation of the analytical method for the determination of metformin HCl in tablet formulation was performed following parameters, including system suitability, specificity, the limit of quantification, and limit of detection. Peak shapes asymmetries have resulted. The precision was calculated and showed excellent reproducibility (RSD = 0. 1-0.57 %, n=3). The linearity of the method has been tested in the range of 4.0–12.0 µg mL-1 for metformin HCl. The limits of detection and quantification have been also established to be lower than 2.7 µg mL-1 and 8.0 µg mL-1, respectively. This method is suitable for estimating pharmaceutical formulations with no interference from excipients
The Relationship of Betatrophin and Kisspeptin with Related Hormones in Women Newly Diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Get PDF متلازمة المبيض متعدد الأكياس واحدة من أكثر اضطرابات هرمونات الغدد الصماء انتشارا التي تصيب النساء في سن الإنجاب، وهي مصدر أساسي لها علاقة بالصحة العامة التي تؤدي إلى خلل في الأنظمة التناسلية والأيضية والنفسية، يعد انقطاع الإباضة الذي يلعب دورا أساسيا في خصوبة المرأة ، وفرط الأندروجين من أكثر خصائص المتلازمة بسبب دوره في الغدد الصماء ، يفرز النسيج الدهني عددا من البروتينات التي تسمى بالاديبوكاينز والتي تعمل بوصفها هرمونات تتحكم بوظائف الجسم ، مثل الريزستين والبيتاتروفين. هذه الدراسة شملت 90 امرأة. للمقارنة: 30 امرأة تتمتع بصحة جيدة مع فترات حيضية منتظمة ومناسبة للعمر، والوزن عرفت بمجموعة السيطرة ، 30 امرأة بدينة مصابة بمتلازمة المبيض متعدد الأكياس تم تشخيصهن بالاعتماد على معايير روتردام عرفت بالمجموعة الثانية، 30 امرأة ليست بدينة مصابة بمتلازمة المبيض متعدد الأكياس عرفت بالمجموعة الثالثة. النتائج أظهرت وجود ارتفاع كبير في الإنسولين، ومقاومة الإنسولين مع الهرمونات ذات الصلة بين المجموعات مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة ، مع وجود زيادة معنوية في مستويات البيتاتروفين في المجموعة الثانية مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة ، مع اختلاف معنوي بين المجموعتين الثانية والثالثة، إضافة إلى وجود زيادة معنوية في مستويات الكيسبيبتين في المجموعة الثانية مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة، مع عدم وجود اختلافات بين المجموعتين الثانية والثالثة ، مع وجود اختلافات في المجموعة الثالثة مع مجموعة السيطرة.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most widespread endocrine hormone disorders that affects women of reproductive age. It’s a major public health concern that leads to dysregulations in the reproductive, metabolic, and psychological systems. Anovulation, which has a significant impact on female fertility, and hyperandrogenism are the most characteristic of PCOS. Because of its endocrine role, adipose tissue secretes several proteins called adipokines that work as hormones controlling bodily functions, including resistin, betatrophin, etc. The cases involved in this study were 90 women. For comparison, 30 healthy women with regular periods suitable with age were used as a control group. 30 Obese PCOS women were diagnosed depending on the Rotterdam criteria as group2, and 30 non-obese PCOS women as group3. The results showed there was a significant elevate in insulin and insulin resistance and related hormones between groups compared to the control, and a significant increase at (P≤ 0.01) in levels of betatrophin in group2 compared to the control, with a significant difference between the group2 and group3, and a significant increase at (P≤ 0.01) in levels of kisspeptin in group2 compared to the control. No significant difference between group2 and group3 and a significant difference between group3 and the control group
Assessment of Radiation Hazards Parameters Associated with Natural Radionuclides in Granite Used in El-Beida, Libya
Get PDFUsing a gamma ray1spectrometer equipped with an NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, the levels of natural1radionuclides in granite samples used as building materials that were collected from local markets in El-Beida, Libya, were investigated. For 226Ra, 238U, 232Th, and 40K, the respective activity concentrations range from 40.96±1.47 to 205.48±0.13 Bqkg⁻¹, 52.25 ±1.53 to 182.65 ±2.36 Bqkg⁻¹, 49.72 ±1.17 to144.32 ±1.51 Bqkg⁻¹ and 49.41±1.18 to 271.75 ±2.74 Bqkg⁻¹. All granite samples had radioactive levels that exceeded recommended1world limits for 226Ra, 238U, and 232Th (UNSCEAR), according to the data. But the activity concentration levels in all granite samples were 40K, below the UNSCEAR worldwide1recommended values. Natural1radionuclide-related radiological1hazard parameters were evaluated. The radiological hazard parameters associated with natural1radionuclides were evaluated. The results were compared to other studies done elsewhere in the world and world-recommended values. Consciously, some parameters are lower or inside recommended limits, but others showed values higher than internationally1accepted limits. The results indicate that for most studied granite samples, the radiation1hazards from terrestrial radionuclides are not significant for use as building materials
Guanidine as A Starting Martial for Preparing a Scale Inhibitor
Get PDFThis study presents the synthesis and evaluation of a novel phosphonate-based scale inhibitor using guanidine as the starting material. Given guanidine’s highly reactive nature and multiple substitution sites, it was chemically modified by introducing phosphonomethyl groups to enhance its scale inhibition capabilities. The synthesized compound was structurally characterized using FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectrometry, confirming successful substitution of three hydrogen atoms with phosphonate groups. The compound\u27s performance was assessed through static scale inhibition tests at various temperatures (40°C, 60°C, and 70°C) for calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, showing significant inhibition at concentrations as low as 20–30 ppm. Titration-based calcium analysis revealed inhibition efficiencies up to 100%. Additionally, the compound demonstrated good compatibility with calcium and acceptable seawater biodegradability over 28 days. These results suggest that the synthesized inhibitor is a promising candidate for environmentally safer and thermally stable scale control in industrial water systems
The Authority of Establishment and Constitution-Making: An In-Depth Study in Light of Public Law Jurisprudence
Get PDFالسلطة التأسيسية تتمتع بصلاحيات واسعة عند وضع الدستور الجديد، إذ يمكنها هجر نظام سياسي متبع، ويمكنها أن تأخذ بالنهج الاقتصادي الذي تراه ملائماً للمجتمع. والسلطة التأسيسية الأصلية ذات طبيعة خارجه عن القانون، وهذا ما يفسر عدم خضوعها لأي قاعدة قانونية باعتبارها تنشئ في فترات الفراغ القانوني، وبالتالي تؤسس وتضع القواعد المؤطرة للنظام في الدولة الناشئة أو الجديدة. وإن كان لانتشار الأفكار الديمقراطية في العصر الحديث والتي تنادي بأن السيادة للشعب أو الأمة، فإنه لا يمكن إنكار حقيقة الأفكار التي طرحت في موضوع تحديد صاحب السلطة التأسيسية والتي لا يمكن دحضها في الواقع العملي، وخاصة في الحالات التي تكون للقوة دوراً في تغيير النظام في الدولة. كما أن أساليب وضع الدستور قد تكون مشتركة، ولكن ليست محددة قانونا، بمعنى أن السلطة التأسيسية ليست مقيدة بهذه الاساليب، بمعنى آخر يمكن استخدام أي من هذه الاساليب، كما يمكننا المزج بينها أو تستخدم وصفاً لم يتم استخدامه من قبل.The constituent authority enjoys broad powers when drafting a new constitution. It can abandon an existing political system and adopt the economic approach it deems appropriate for society. The original constituent authority is extralegal in nature, which explains why it is not subject to any legal basis, given that it is established during periods of legal vacuum. Despite the spread of democratic ideas in the modern era, which advocate that sovereignty resides in the people or the nation, the truth of the ideas put forward regarding the definition of the holder of constituent authority cannot be denied and cannot be refuted in practice. This means that the constituent authority is not restricted to these methods. In other words, it is possible to use any of these methods, or it is possible to combine them, or to use a description that has not been used befor
Phytochemical and antioxidant Analysis of the five genus Mentha in AL-Jabal AL-Akhder – Libya
Get PDFIn this study, significant differences were observed between the antioxidant values statistically analyzed by the standard curve obtained using different concentrations of the Prussian blue method to the extent that the five species can be divided into four groups and it confirmed by the statistical method used (standard deviation). The first group with the highest antioxidant value is M. pulegium followed by M.spicata, which occupied the second position (second group). The third group M .piperita, The last position with the lowest value was represented by M. aquatic and M .longifolia (the fourth group). Chemical tests for the presence of some secondary metabolites revealed that. The presence of Tannins, Sterols and Flavonoids in different amounts in the five species.M. aquatic and M. longifolia lack the presence of alkaloids, while there is a negative result for saponins in M. longifolia
The Concept of Fundamental Deprivation as an Element of Fundamental Breach Under the United Nations Convention On Contracts for The International Sale of Goods-1980
Get PDFعالج البحث الحرمان الجوهري من المصلحة المرجوة من إبرام العقد، بوصفه عنصرا من عناصر قيام المخالفة الجوهرية التي تؤدي إلى فسخ العقد وفقاً لأحكام اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة بشأن البيع الدولي للبضائع، والتي تولت المادة (25) من الاتفاقية بيانها. وقد اتبعنا في إعداد هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يعتمد على تحليل نصوص الاتفاقية المتعلقة بالمخالفة الجوهرية في البيوع الدولية، وانصب التركيز على ما تقدمه نصوص الاتفاقية محل البحث من حلول لما قد يعتري العلاقة بين طرفي عقد البيع الدولي للبضائع من خلافات تتعلق بالواجبات التي يفترض أن يلتزم بها كل طرف من طرفي العقد في مواجهة الطرف الأخر والمسؤولية التي تنشأ عن الإخلال بها. وقد تناولت الدراسة الحرمان الجوهري من المصلحة المرجوة من إبرام العقد في مطلبين خصص المطلب الأول لدراسة ماهية الحرمان الجوهري من المصلحة المرجوة من العقد وخصص المطلب الثاني لدراسة الضوابط التي تحكم تعيين المصلحة المرجوة من إبرام العقد.The completion of this study requires extensive information gathering and research. In order to address the main research question effectively, this study will be relied on both analytical and critical methods. The focus of the analysis will be on the UN convention on contracts for the international sale of goods and its prospects for the concept of fundamental deprivation as an element of fundamental breach. This approach requires the assessment of both the positive and negative sides in this convention. However, some issues relating to the fundamental breach will not be discussed in this study, such as matters related to the avoidance. Finally, this topic has been subjected to development and codification by some scholars. Which means that the documents relating to these scholars on international sale of goods offer a wealth of information and often lead to a variety of response from scholars, which it will be an important resource in my work.  
The Ruling On Marriage with The Intention of Divorce (A Jurisprudential Study)
Get PDF تضمنت هذه الدراسة مفهوم النكاح المشروع الذي يوافق مقصود الشارع من النكاح، والفرق بينه وبين ما يضاهيه من الأنكحة الفاسدة، كنكاح المتعة، ونكاح التحليل، وبيان الأدلة وأقوال السلف في ذلك، كما تناولت هذه الدراسة جوهر موضوعها، وهو النكاح بنية الطلاق، من حيث: المفهوم، والحكم، وأقوال وفتاوى علماء السلف والخلف في هذا النكاح، والإشارة إلى الرأي الذي تطمئن له النفس، ويميل إليه القلب، والمبني على حجج قوية تستند في أصلها إلى أدلة الكتاب والسنة، ومقاصد الشارع من تشريعه للنكاح، وفي الختام تناولت هذه الدراسة أهم النتائج والتوصيات التي توصل إليها الباحث.This study included the concept of legitimate marriage that is in accordance with the intent of the Lawgiver from marriage, and the difference between it and similar corrupt marriages, such as temporary marriage and tahlil marriage, and clarified the evidence and sayings of the predecessors on that. This study also dealt with the essence of its subject, which is marriage with the intention of divorce, in terms of: the concept, the ruling, and the sayings and fatwas of the scholars of the predecessors and successors on this marriage, and indicated the opinion that the soul is reassured by and the heart is inclined towards, and is based on strong arguments that are based in their origin on the evidence of the Qur’an and Sunnah, and the objectives of the Lawgiver in legislating marriage. In conclusion, this study dealt with the most important results and recommendations that the researcher reached.