Omar Al-Mukhtar University Journals
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The Role of Omar Al-Mukhtar University in Building a Knowledge Society: A Field Study on a Sample of Faculty Members at the Faculty of Arts
Full text linkتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استقصاء دور جامعة عمر المختار في بناء مجتمع المعرفة بوجه عام، ودور كلية الآداب على وجه الخصوص في إنتاج وتوظيف المعرفة لخدمة المجتمع. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي باستخدام أسلوب المسح الاجتماعي بالعينة، حيث جُمعت البيانات بواسطة استمارة استبيان وُزعت على عينة عشوائية طبقية مكوّنة من (100) عضو هيئة تدريس من إجمالي (200) عضو بالكلية، من الذكور والإناث، ومن مختلف الدرجات العلمية والتخصصات. وقد سعت الدراسة إلى إبراز أثر بعض المتغيرات الشخصية والتنظيمية لأعضاء هيئة التدريس، إضافة إلى تحديد أبرز الصعوبات التي تعيق قيام الجامعة بدورها المعرفي. أظهرت النتائج ضعف إسهام الجامعة في مجال إنتاج المعرفة، ويتجلى ذلك في قصور البنية التحتية الإلكترونية، وضعف إتاحة التعليم الرقمي والمكتبات الإلكترونية، فضلاً عن محدودية مواكبة المستجدات المعرفية العالمية وغياب أنظمة رقمية حديثة تعزز من هذا الدور.This study aims to explore the role of Omar Al-Mukhtar University in building a knowledge society in general, with a particular focus on the Faculty of Arts in generating and utilizing knowledge to serve the community. The research adopted a descriptive methodology using a social survey sample, where data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to a stratified random sample of 100 faculty members out of a total of 200, representing both genders and various academic degrees and specializations. The study sought to highlight the impact of certain personal and organizational variables of faculty members, as well as to identify the main challenges limiting the university’s knowledge-building role. The findings revealed a generally weak contribution of the university in knowledge production, particularly due to inadequate digital infrastructure, limited access to e-learning and digital libraries, poor alignment with global knowledge developments, and a lack of modern digital systems
Science as a Psychological Approach: A Critical Analytical View of Science in its Psychological Dimensions
Full text linkيهدف هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على البعد السيكولوجي في الممارسات العلمية، ولذلك فقد تمثّلَت القضية الأساسية له (مشكلة البحث) في: هل العلم نشاط يمارس وفق قواعد آلية صارمة (انتهاج المنهج العلمي والوصول إلى غايتي الفهم والتفسير)، بحيث لا يمكن النظر إليه إلا من خلالها، أم أن هناك أبعاد أخرى سيكولوجية (نفسية) تتحكم في هذه الممارسة وبالتالي تشكّل مقاربة أخرى له قد تمكّننا من قراءة له في ضوئها؟ وقد تناول الباحث هذا الموضوع في مقدمة وثلاثة مباحث، وجملة من النتائج. المبحث الأول بعنوان: دوافع سيكولوجية في بنية الممارسات العلمية، المبحث الثاني: عوائق سيكولوجية لممارسة العلم. المبحث الثالث: صراعات سيكولوجية. وتوصّل الباحث بشكلٍ عام إلى أن للعلم أبعاد أخرى سيكولوجية (نفسية) الطابع تتجاوز منهجه (المنهج العلمي) وغاياته (الفهم والتفسير والتنبؤ والضبط والتحكّم)، تمثّل هذه الأبعاد زاوية يمكن النظر منها إلى الممارسات العلمية، وبالتالي مقاربة (أو طريقة) لفهم حقيقة أن العلم ليس فقط قواعد وتقاليد محددة صارمة، بل تتموضع فيه – فضلًا عن ذلك - أبعاد إنسانية فاعلة.This research aims to shed light on the psychological dimension in scientific practice. The core issue (research problem) was represented in the following question: Is science an activity conducted according to strict mechanical rules (adhering to the scientific method and achieving the goals of understanding and explanation), such that it cannot be viewed outside of this framework, or are there other psychological dimensions that influence this practice, thereby forming another perspective through which science can be understood? The researcher addressed this topic in an introduction, three sections, and a set of conclusions. The first section is titled: "Psychological Motivations in the Structure of Scientific Practices.". The second section: "Psychological Barriers to Practicing Science." The third section: "Psychological Conflicts.". The researcher arrived at several conclusions, generally crystallizing in the idea that science has additional psychological (mental) dimensions that go beyond its method (the scientific method) and its goals (understanding, explanation, prediction, control, and regulation). These dimensions represent an angle through which scientific practices can be viewed, thus providing an approach for understanding the essence of science
The opinion of the mujtahid and its effect on rulings
Full text linkيتناول هذا البحث أمرا من الأمور التي تعتري النفس البشرية في إدراك الأشياء وهو الظن وعلاقته باستنباط الأحكام، مبينا اللبس الذي وقع فيه البعض نتيجة لسوء فهمهم لإطلاق القرآن لهذه اللفظة، وكيف وظّفها علماء الفقه في استنباط الكثير من الأحكام الفقهية، وكان ذلك من خلال مقدمة وثلاثة عناوين وخاتمة، كان الحديث في العنوان الأول عن ماهية الظن وأقسامه، بينما كان العنوان الثاني عن مراتب الظن، والعنوان الثالث تناول محور هذا البحث وهو أثر الظن في الأحكام الشرعية، وقد تقرر من خلال هذا البحث أن للظن معانٍ متعددة من خلال استعمال القرآن والسنة لهذه اللفظة، وأن المقصود من الظن عند الفقهاء هو ما دون اليقين، بأن يغلب على المجتهد صحة ما ذهب إليه، ومن خلال تتبع مآخذ الأحكام الفقهية تبين أن كثير من الأحكام الفقهية مبنية على الظن، فلو تركنا هذا المسلك لضاع الكثير من أحكام الفقه التي بنيت على غلبة الظن.This research deals with one of the things that afflict the human soul in levels of suspicion, and the third demand dealt with the focus of this research, which is the effect of suspicion on Islamic rulings. It was determined through this research that suspicion has multiple meanings through the use of this word in the Qur’an and Sunnah, and that what is meant by suspicion among jurists is what is less than certainty, so that the mujtahid is overcome by the correctness of what he went to, and by following perceiving things, which is suspicion and its relationship to deriving rulings, explaining the confusion that some people have fallen into as a result of their misunderstanding of the Qur’an’s use of this word, and how scholars of jurisprudence have employed it in deriving many jurisprudential rulings. This was through an introduction, three demands, and a conclusion. The first demand discussed the nature of suspicion and its types, while the second demand was about the the sources of jurisprudential rulings, it became clear that many jurisprudential rulings are based on suspicion. If we abandon this approach, many jurisprudential rulings that were built on the preponderance of suspicion would be lost
The Military Territory in Southern Tunisia: Its Boundaries and Management Mechanisms (1881–1956)
Full text linkيتناول مقالنا الحملة الفرنسية على الجنوب التونسي واحتلاله، ثمّ يدرس مبررات اختيار النظام العسكري لإدارة المنطقة ومراحل تركيز هذه الإدارة العسكرية الجديدة. وفي ذات الإطار يوضّح مقالنا حدود التراب العسكري ترابيا ومميزاته البشرية والطبيعية. ثمّ يمرّ إلى دراسة مكاتب الشؤون الأهلية وصلاحياتها وهي المكاتب التي كلّفت بإدارة شؤون الأهالي بالمنطقة والسهر على تنفيذ المشروع الاستعماري الفرنسي. ليصل بحثنا إلى الحديث عن انتهاكات المكاتب لحقوق الأهالي والسيطرة حتى على حياتهم اليومية وردود فعل الأهالي المطالبة بإلغاء المنطقة العسكرية وضمّ الجنوب إلى نظام المراقبات المدنية شأن باقي أقاليم المملكة التونسية.This article explores the French campaign in southern Tunisia and its subsequent occupation. It investigates the reasons behind adopting a military system to govern the region and traces the stages of establishing this new military administration. The article also outlines the territorial boundaries of the military zone and examines its human and natural characteristics. It then focuses on the Bureaus of Native Affairs, their roles, and their authority in managing the affairs of the local population and enforcing the French colonial agenda. The study concludes by addressing the bureaus’ violations of the locals’ rights, their control over everyday life, and the responses of the local population demanding the abolition of the military zone and the integration of the south into the system of civil administration, as was the case in other regions of the Tunisian Kingdom
Cognitive Control Strength among General Secondary School Students in the City of Derna: An Analytical Study
No full textهدفت الدراسة إلى قياس قوة السيطرة المعرفية لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة درنة وفق النوع، الصف، والتخصص. شملت العينة (300) طالب وطالبة من الصفين الثاني والثالث الثانوي في التخصصين العلمي والأدبي، واعتمدت المنهج الوصفي باستخدام مقياس ستيفنسون (1998). أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق دالة في الدرجة الكلية للمقياس، دون فروق جوهرية مرتبطة بالنوع أو الصف الدراسي، باستثناء تفوق الذكور في الرتبة الأولى. كما تبين تفوق طلبة التخصص العلمي على الأدبي في الرتبتين الأولى والثانية. وتخلص الدراسة إلى أن التخصص الدراسي يشكل عاملاً مؤثراً نسبياً في بعض أبعاد السيطرة المعرفية.The study aimed to assess the level of cognitive control among high school students in the city of Derna, considering gender, grade level, and academic track. The sample consisted of 300 students from the second and third grades of high school, representing both the scientific and literary tracks. The study employed a descriptive approach using Stevenson’s (1998) Cognitive Control Scale. The results indicated significant differences in the overall score of the scale, with no substantial differences related to gender or grade level, except for the first dimension, where males outperformed females. Additionally, students in the scientific track outperformed those in the literary track in both the first and second dimensions. The study concluded that the academic track is a relatively influential factor in certain aspects of cognitive control
Utilization of tractors and implements owned by individual farmers in the Gezira scheme, Sudan
Full text linkGezira scheme, in Sudan, is the largest one in the region. Recently, many individual farmers owned tractors and implements. This study aimed at analyzing the use of those tractors and implements. Data were collected through questionnaire and statistically analyzed. 154 tractors (75 to 80 hp.) accompanied with 678 implements were studied. Massey Ferguson represented 58.4 % of the tractors. Tractors’ average age was six years. Land preparation, seeding, spraying, threshing and post harvesting implements, represented 86.7%, 4.1%, 2.1%, 6.0% and 1.1%, from the total number of implements, respectively. Implements average age was between two and six years. Sprayer obtained the highest work rate (9 fed/h). Disk plow consumed the greatest fuel (6.6 l/fed) and the highest annual working hours (310 hours). The ridger covered the highest annual area (365 fed). Tractor annual working hours was between 774 and 535 hours. Several combinations of implements accompanying a tractor were found. Combinations three and four implements were the most frequent, they repeated 36 and 35 times, respectively. The combination of disk plow, ridger and ditcher were repeated ten times; while the combination of disk plow, leveler, ridger and ditcher was repeated eight times. The furnished information help in determining implements that necessary in the scheme. Economic feasibility of tractors and implements owned by individual farmers in the Gezira scheme is suggested
Effect of Previous Crop Residues on The Growth and Development of Squash Plants
Full text linkThe seedlings of Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) were irrigated with aqueous extract of crop residues of barley, wheat or oat, at a concentration of 50 g.L-1, or olives at 25, 50, 75 and 100 g.L-1, in addition to the control treatment (tap water) until the flowering stage. A completely randomized design was used with the treatments. The results showed that the fresh and dry weight of the shoots decreased by (27, 26, 33%) and (26, 35, 44%), and the number of leaves and flower buds (20, 20, 25%) and (28, 24, 40%) and leaf petiole length (38, 41, 47%), when treated with aqueous extract of the residues of each of barley, wheat, or oats, respectively, compared to the control. The results also showed the effect of the aqueous extract of olive residues on the growth measurements of squash plants, and the rate of decrease was directly proportional to the increase in the concentration of the aqueous extract, and thus both the fresh and dry weight of the shoots decreased by 51% and 42%, roots 43% and 25%, plant length 40%, number of leaves 29%, and leaf area 70%, respectively, compared to the control. The results obtained show that the aqueous extract of different plant residues have a clear role in reducing the growth of squash plants, and thus, this will be reflected in productivity later. This type of effect is clearly due to the presence of an "allelopathic" effect from growth-inhibiting substances present in the tissues of previous plant residues or their presence simultaneously with squash plants in the field
Experimental grow-out of European Sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Gilthead Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Eastern Libya
Full text linkSea bream and sea bass are highly adaptable to different culture systems, making them well suited for aquaculture. Their delicious flesh has contributed to the growing popularity of the aquaculture industry. This research was conducted to evaluate the grow-out of European Sea bream and Gilthead Sea bass in the eastern Libyan coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Fingerlings of the fish obtained from the natural brackish water of the Eastern Libyan coast and stocked in earthen ponds supplied with brackish water. A 120-day rearing trial was conducted which showed that the growth performance of Seabream and Seabass in this experiment varied significantly, even though both were fed similar levels of dietary proteins. The weight gained, specific growth rates, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher (P˂0.05) in Seabream compared to Seabass. The survival was not significantly different between the two species at the end of the experimental period. The feed conversion ratio was lower in Seabream (1.77) compared with Seabass (1.98). The moisture (68.10 ± 0.72%) and ash contents (3.90 ± 0.04%) were significantly higher in Seabass, while the crude protein (17.39 ± 0.17%) and lipids (11.36 ± 0.24%) were significantly higher in Seabream in this experiment. The Libyan Mediterranean coast is suitable for the grow-out of the two species, and the Seabream showed better growth and higher nutrition quality compared with Seabass
Impact of Six Distinct Growth substrates on the Survival and Root Elongation of Grafted Tomato and Pepper Seedlings
Full text linkA study was conducted at the Horticulture Department at Omar Al Mukhtar University, Al Jabal Al-Khader, Libya in 2022 to investigate the impact of six growth media; peat moss, sand, soil, peat moss and sand (1:1), peat moss and soil (1:1), and soil and sand (1:1), on the survival and root elongation of grafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) seedlings. The experiment comprised 12 treatments representing all combinations of the two factors and followed a randomized complete block split-plot design with 4 replications. Findings indicated that among the growth substrates tested, peat moss, followed by the combination of peat moss and sand, exhibited the highest survival rates and root elongation for grafted tomato and pepper seedlings, surpassing the outcomes observed with alternative treatment
Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophage Against Common Pathogenic Bacteria
Full text linkRegarding their specificity, bacteriophages have been widely investigated to combat bacterial infections. Phage therapy is proposed as a promising alternative antibacterial agent. The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize bacteriophages against clinical bacterial isolates from sewage water. Recovery of phage was high from the processed sewage water (66%) against tested bacterial hosts. Plaque assay revealed four different plaques morphology against Escherichia coli with high lytic activity. In contrast, one small morphology plaques were appeared against Staphylococcus aureus with low lytic activity. The mean phage titer of phage isolates was 7.7x109 and 2.9x1011 plaque forming unit/ml for S. aureus and E. coli respectively. The isolated phages showed a narrow host range when tested against 19 different bacterial isolates. The electron microscopy revealed that EC1 Phage has the typical morphology of the family Podoviridae, order Caudovirales. The isolated bacteriophages need to be further characterized at the molecular level and tested in vivo to be used in one of the bacteriophage applications