Omar Al-Mukhtar University Journals
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On Menger Spaces in Generalized Topology
Get PDFWe introduce new types of covering properties in generalized topology, namely; -Menger and -uniformly Menger spaces, and investigate their fundamental properties. To achieve this, we replace open sets in the definition of the standard Manger spaces with -open sets of generalized topological spaces. The results show that the -Menger property is stronger than the Menger property. Additionally, -Menger spaces are preserved when forming subspaces and countable unions. We also characterize -uniformly Menger spaces and study their relationship with -Menger spaces. Examples are given to further illustrate our results
Corrosion Inhibition of carbon steel XC70 in two acidic media (0.1 N H2SO4 (and (0.1 N HCl) by weight loss method using Black Pepper Extract as corrosion inhibitor
Get PDFBlack pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) extract and ecologically friendly inhibitor were employed in this investigation. According to the data, the corrosion rate in the hydrochloric acid medium (HCI) is greater than the corrosion rate in the sulfuric acid (H2SO4) medium. The corrosion rate of carbon steel varies depending on the corrosion medium. With an increase in inhibitor concentration, the percentage of inhibition increases. By using electron impact mass spectrometry, the mass fragmentation routes of several piperines from black pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) were examined (EI-MS). Different intensities of the molecular ion peaks M+2 and M+ were captured. By successively losing simple functional groups, followed by the breakdown of the heterocycles attached to the pyrimidine ring, distinctive fragment ions were created
The Right of Victims of Natural Disasters to Receive Humanitarian Assistance in Light of Public International Law
Get PDFيمثل تقديم المساعدات الإنسانية عند وقوع الكوارث الطبيعية حقا أساسيا لضحايا هذه الكوارث، وواجبا ضروريا يحتم تقديم كل ما يلزم لمواجهتها، ومعالجة ما تخلفه من آثار يصعب على الدولة أن تتصدى لها بمفردها، مهما كانت إمكانياتها. ويرتبط الحق في الحصول على المساعدات الإنسانية، ارتباطا وثيقا بحقوق الإنسان الأخرى، بل إن الإقرار به هو نتيجة مترتبة على إعمال هذه الحقوق فهو يمثل الضمانة الأساسية للتمتع بالحقوق الإنسانية عند وقوع الأزمات والكوارث. ونظرا لما يرتبه هذا الظرف الاستثنائي من الحاجة الملحة للحصول على المساعدات، ولضمان ألا يمس تقديم المساعدات الإنسانية عند وقوع الكوارث الطبيعية، بسيادة الدولة المتضررة وسلامتها الإقليمية، ضبط تقديم المساعدات الإنسانية بجملة من المبادئ، ينبغي الالتزام بها أثناء أداء هذا الواجب الإنساني.Providing humanitarian assistance in the event of natural disasters is a fundamental right for the victims of these disasters، and a necessary duty that requires providing everything necessary to confront them and address the effects that the state finds difficult to address alone، regardless of its capabilities. The right to receive humanitarian assistance is closely linked to other human rights، and its recognition is a result of the implementation of these rights، as it represents the basic guarantee for the enjoyment of human rights in the event of crises and disasters. Given the urgent need to obtain assistance resulting from this exceptional circumstance، and to ensure that the provision of humanitarian assistance in the event of natural disasters does not affect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the affected state، the provision of humanitarian assistance is regulated by a set of principles that must be adhered to while performing this humanitarian duty
Robust Solar Energy Tracking System Using Data Logger
Get PDFRecent advancements in solar energy technology have gained mo-mentum globally, with commercial solar power platforms becom-ing increasingly accessible in various regions. Over the past few decades, renewable energy sources have garnered significant inter-est, with solar energy standing out as one of the most vital. This energy source is environmentally friendly, producing no pollution, and remains naturally abundant without human control, making solar systems indispensable in modern power generation. Solar tracking technologies are designed to ensure that the solar panel surface aligns perpendicularly with incoming sunlight to optimize solar energy harnessing. This alignment maximizes light absorp-tion, enabling the highest electrical energy output. Specifically, when sunlight strikes the panel at a perpendicular angle, it gener-ates peak efficiency in energy conversion. This work focuses on developing a two-axis solar tracking system equipped with a data logger to record voltage and current readings from the solar panel. Sensors connected to an Arduino board are the system\u27s primary controller, sending signals to motors that adjust the panel\u27s position based on input from light-dependent resistors (LDRs). A Pyra-nometer, aligned with the solar panel, was used to provide accurate solar radiation and weather data. The system was validated to en-sure reliable performance, with collected data aiding in power anal-ysis and statistics
Transfer Learning in Convolution Neural Network for Brain Tumor Detection Using a Small Training Dataset
Get PDFTumors are a significant risk in today\u27s medical field, requiring fast and reliable automated techniques for detection, particularly for brain tumors. Accurate detection is crucial for effective treatment and saving lives. Various image processing techniques aid doctors in providing appropriate treatment. Manual or human-based identification of brain tumors using MRI images is time-consuming and prone to inaccuracies, especially for an experienced person. Deep learning algorithms have introduced effective solutions for brain tumor detection. The one constraint is that the algorithms need to train on a huge amount of data for reliable performance. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of transfer learning for brain tumor detection using a small training dataset regardless of the tumor type. Therefore, we have used three models of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN): traditional model, enhanced model, and transfer learning-based model. The average results have shown that the transfer learning-based model has better performance on the small training dataset than traditional and enhanced models, with a classification accuracy reached 92%
An Epidemiological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Cities of Sirte and Jadu, Libya: During 2019-2020
Get PDFCutaneous leishmaniasis CL is a complex clinical syndrome caused by transmitting an intracellular parasite to humans through sand fly bites. Libya is one of the countries endemic to CL. The goal of this study is to study the epidemiological aspects of CL from 2019 to 2020 in Sirte and Jadu. Demographic and epidemiological data for all patients were collected from health centers by the National Center for Disease Control in Libya. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the study data. A total of 355 people with CL were identified. 143 CL-positive cases in Jadu and 212 in Sirte. The highest prevalence of affected age groups was found among patients aged 10 to 19 (17 %). The peak incidence of the disease occurred in the autumn. The most common locations of lesions were the legs and hands. Treatment was mentioned only in 30 % of registered cases. CL remains a health problem with medical and social consequences in the cities of Sirte and Jadu. To minimize the risk of disease, it is highly recommended to manage reservoir hosts and disease vectors, as well as provide education on personal protection measures.
Exploring the Role of Sociodemographic Factors in Influencing Dental Floss Knowledge and Practices among Adults in Sebha City, Libya: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFDental diseases are influenced by several sociodemographic factors. This study aims to examine the impact of age, education, and occupation on the knowledge and use of dental floss among adults in Sebha, Libya. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 601 adults in Sebha City using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected on participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, and dental floss knowledge and practices. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test were employed to analyze the relationships between variables. Out of 601 respondents, 54.4% had general knowledge about dental floss, but only 31.4% reported using it. Females demonstrated better oral hygiene practices, with 41% using floss, compared to 19% of males. Significant differences in flossing habits were observed based on age, education, and occupation, with younger individuals and those with higher educational levels showing greater knowledge and better practice. Additionally, socioeconomic status was a strong determinant of interdental cleaning practice. In conclusion, sociodemographic factors significantly affect dental floss knowledge and practice in Sebha. Public health initiatives should focus on improving education and access to dental care, particularly for lower-income and less-educated groups. The study highlights the need for targeted public health initiatives to promote dental floss usage, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections in Benghazi, Libya: A Two-Year Retrospective Study
Get PDFUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent bacterial infections in children and represent a significant cause of pediatric morbidity worldwide. This study examines the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of UTIs among children admitted to Benghazi pediatric hospitals for two years A retrospective analysis of 176 pediatric patients (January 2021-December 2022) was conducted at Benghazi Children\u27s Hospital. Data included demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and imaging results. UTI prevalence among nephrology admissions was 17.6 %, with a female predominance of (62.5 %). E. coli was the predominant pathogen (71.4 %). Common symptoms included abdominal pain (35.8 %), discolored urine (31.3 %), and vomiting (26.7 %). Ultrasound revealed abnormalities in 31.8 % of cases. Pediatric UTIs in Benghazi show similar patterns to global trends, with E. coli as the primary pathogen. These findings emphasize a need for prompt diagnosis and tailored antibiotic therapy in our region
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cholelithiasis Among Children with Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia: A Single Center Experience Benghazi, Libya
Get PDFCholelithiasis is increasingly recognized in pediatric hereditary hemolytic anemias (HHAs), with limited data on its frequency and risk factors in Libyan children. This study aimed to assess cholelithiasis prevalence and risk factors in children with HHAs at Benghazi Medical Center. A cross-sectional study of 100 children (4 months–16 years) with HHAs was conducted (2009–2024). Data included age, HHA type, family history, transfusion frequency, and ultrasonography-confirmed gallstones. Mean age at HHA diagnosis was 3.1 ± 3.8 years. Gallstones were detected in 36% of cases, most commonly at age 7 (range: 1.5–15 years). Three children developed cholelithiasis before age 2. Severe hemolysis and frequent transfusions significantly increased gallstone risk. Gallstones are prevalent in Libyan children with HHAs, particularly sickle cell anemia and hereditary spherocytosis, with early onset in some cases. We recommend annual ultrasound screening for early detection, especially in severely affected, frequently transfused patients, and exploring transfusion-sparing therapies
Factors Influencing Postoperative Hospital Stay Following Colorectal Cancer Resection
Get PDF سرطان القولون والمستقيم، هو مرض شائع مع انتشار متزايد بسبب شيخوخة السكان. إذ يعتبر الاستئصال بالتدخل الجراحي هو العلاج الأساسي إلى جانب العلاج الإشعاعي الكيميائي. يهدف هذا البحث للتعرف على العوامل المؤثرة في طول مدة الإيواء للمرضى بسرطان القولون والمستقيم ويشمل كلا من عمليات قبول المرضى المخطط لها والطارئة. حيث تعتبر طول مدة الإيواء من الدلالات على مستوى الخدمات وجودة الرعاية الطبية. تم اجراء هذا البحث بدراسة استرجاعية، تضمنت مراجعة سجلات جميع المرضى الذي تم إيوائهم وخضعوا لجراحة استئصال ورم سرطاني من القولون أو المستقيم في مركز بنغازي الطبي، في الفترة من يناير 2016 إلى ديسمبر 2018. تم تجميع وتقييم التركيبة السكانية والأعراض السريرية والتفاصيل الجراحية ومضاعفات ما بعد الجراحة والأمراض المصاحبة وخسارة الوزن بدقة. تم التأكد من الأهمية الإحصائية عند عتبة P < 0.05. كان مجموع الحالات 98 حالة، استبعد منها 4 حالات وذلك لعدم توفر البيانات الكافية عليها. ومتوسط مدة الإيواء في المستشفى 11.7 يوم. ولوحظ خمسة عوامل تعمل على زيادة مدة الايواء بشكل كبير: الناسور المعوي الجلدي، والتهاب الجرح، ومرض السكري (DM)، وإجراءات الطوارئ، ومضاعفات ما بعد الجراحة. تم تقييم العلاقة بين المتغيرات المدخلة ومدة الإقامة في المستشفى تبين وجود علاقة بدلالة احصائية مع ثلاث متغيرات، مرض داء السكري، التدخل الجراحي الطارئ والمضاعفات ما بعد الجراحة خاصةً (التهاب الجرح والناسور المعوي الجلدي). حيث ادت إلى زيادة طول مدة الإيواء في المستشفى. وكانت الزيادة الملحوظة في الايواء بالمستشفى للمرضى المسنين المصابين بأمراض مصاحبة ومرض السكري. تحمل هذه الاكتشافات آثارًا مالية كبيرة.Colorectal cancer, a prevalent ailment with a growing prevalence due to aging populations, presents surgical, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy as its chief treatment modalities. Our study sought to pinpoint the determinants of hospitalization duration (LOS) in colorectal cancer patients, encompassing both planned and emergency admissions, acknowledging the considerable impact on healthcare costs nationally and internationally. conducting a retrospective data analysis encompassing patients subjected to colorectal cancer surgery at Benghazi Medical Centre (BMC) from January 2016 to December 2018, we meticulously compiled and assessed demographics, clinical symptoms, surgical particulars, postoperative complications, comorbidities, and LOS. Statistical significance was ascertained at a threshold of P < 0.05. amongst the cohort of ninety-eight colorectal cancer surgery recipients, the exclusion of four due to missing data resulted in a study cohort of ninety-four cases. The median LOS stood at 11.7 days, with five notable factors significantly extending LOS: enter cutaneous fistula, wound infection, diabetes mellitus (DM), emergency procedures, and postoperative complications. This investigation conducted at BMC ascertained that diabetes mellitus, emergency admissions, postoperative wound infections, and fistula development correlated with prolonged LOS. A discernible increase in hospital stays was evident in elderly patients afflicted with comorbidities and diabetes. These revelations bear substantial financial implications