Omar Al-Mukhtar University Journals
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Inclined load Effects oN Thermoelastic Porous Medium with Temperature Dependent and Rotating Medium Under Different Theories
Full text linkThe aim of the present paper is to study the effect of inclined load, temperature dependent, and rotation thermo-elastic solid with voids. The problem is formulated in the context of the different theories of generalized thermoelasticity: Lord-Schulman with one relaxation time, Green-Lindsay with two relaxation times, and the coupled theory. The exact expression of the physical quantity for the temperature, stress, and displacement components are found is obtained by normal mode analysis and illustrated graphically by comparison and discussion in different values of the angle of inclination also the presence and the absence of rotation and temperature dependent
Existence of Periodic Solutions for Neutral Nonlinear Dynamic Systems with Delay Using Shift Operators and Krasnoselskii\u27s Fixed Point Theorem
Full text linkIn this research, we investigate the existence of periodic solutions for a class of neutral-type nonlinear dynamic systems with delay, described by the equation:. To address this problem, we adopt a contemporary framework for periodicity based on shift operators, which extends traditional periodic concepts to a broader class of time scales. This modern shift-based perspective proves particularly advantageous for time scales where the additivity condition for all and for a fixed may not hold—a limitation that precludes the use of classical periodicity in non-uniform or non-additive time domains. Notably, this generalized notion of periodicity is well-suited for non-standard time scales such as the quantum time scale and the Cantor-like union , which do not admit a regular periodic structure in the conventional sense. To effectively examine the periodic behavior of such systems, particularly those involving q-difference dynamics, we construct a technical apparatus capable of analyzing periodic solutions under the shift-based setting. Central to this approach is the transformation of the differential system into an equivalent integral form, a step that necessitates consideration of the transition matrix associated with the homogeneous Floquet-type system: This integral reformulation enables the application of Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem, a foundational result in nonlinear operator theory, which facilitates the demonstration of fixed-point existence—and thereby confirms the presence of nontrivial periodic solutions within the system
Contracting Via an Automated Electronic Agent
Full text linkيُعد مصطلح الوكيل الإلكتروني المؤتمت من المصطلحات الحديثة التي ظهرت نتيجة للتطور التكنولوجي، والعلمي، حيث أصبح من الممكن التعاقد بواسطة الوكيل المؤتمت في ظل البيئة الرقمية بدون أي تدخل للعنصر البشري؛ وهو ما يُعتبر خروجًا عن القواعد التقليدية للعقود؛ نظرًا لما يتمتع به من استقلالية، وسرعة، ودقة في إبرام العقود، ممّا جعله محل اهتمام التشريعات الوطنية، والدولية، وهذا ما يستدعي دراسة ماهية الوكيل المؤتمت، وبيان طبيعته القانونية، وصولاً إلى مسؤوليته القانونية عند الإخلال بالتزاماته.
The term "automated electronic agent" is a modern term that has emerged as a result of technological and scientific development, as it has become possible to contract through the automated agent in the digital environment without any human intervention. This is considered a departure from the traditional rules of contracts, due to its independence, speed, and accuracy in concluding contracts, which has made it the subject of attention of national and international legislation. This calls for studying the nature of the automated agent, clarifying its legal nature, and determining its legal responsibility when it breaches its obligations
Libyan Constitutional Court Oversight of Constitutional Amendments
Full text linkبات من المُسلِّم به أن توجد رقابةٌ على دستورية القوانين واللوائح؛ حتى في ظل عدم وجود تنظيم لها، وثار التساؤل حول مدى إمكانية أن تكون هنالك رقابة على التعديلات الدستورية في ظل عدم النص عليها صراحةً؛ وعن أوجه الرقابة على هذا التعديل، وبمراجعة الإعلان الدستوري الليبي الصادر في 2011م، والسوابق القضائية؛ خلُصت الدراسة إلى اختصاص القضاء الدستوري الليبي بالرقابة على التعديلات الدستورية؛ متى كان وجه المخالفة متعلقاً بالشكل أو الاختصاص.
الكلمات المفتاحية: دستور - رقابة دستورية - تعديلات دستورية.It has become accepted that there is oversight of the constitutionality of laws and regulations, even in the absence of regulation of them. The question arose as to the extent to which there is oversight of constitutional amendments in the absence of an explicit provision for them, and about the aspects of oversight of this amendment. By reviewing the Libyan Constitutional Declaration issued in 2011, and judicial precedents, the study concluded that the Libyan Constitutional Court has jurisdiction to oversee constitutional amendments, whenever the aspect of the violation is related to form or jurisdiction.
Ecofriendly Dyeing of Silk, Cotton, and Nylon Fabrics Using Red Prickly Pear Fruit Extract and Natural Mordants.
Full text linkInterest in natural dyes has increased as an ecofriendly alternative to synthetic colorants within the textile industry. This study investigates the potential of red prickly pear fruits (Opuntia Lasiacantha Pfeiffer) as a novel source of natural dye. The research covers the extraction and chemical characterization of the dye, followed by an evaluation of its application on various textile substrate, including silk, cotton, and nylon fabrics using plant based mordants, pomegranate rind, thuja fruit and moringa leaves to enhance dye fixation and performance. The colorant was obtained through an aqueous based extraction and characterized via UV-VIS spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. Fixation was tested on silk, cotton and nylon using exclusively plant mordant. Spectroscopic analysis emphasis the presence of betacyanin derivatives as the principal chromophore components. The application of dye in conjunction with natural mordants yielded a range of light brown shades on silk, nylon and cotton substrates. Thus, the dyed fabrics exhibited satisfactory light and pressing fastness, indicating adequate superior colorfastness for practical use. this study highlights the significant potential of this entirely sustainable, bio based process, thereby offering a commercially viable environmentally benign solution to replace synthetic dying practices
The Iterative Bayawa Transform-Adomian Decomposition Method for Solving Various Classes of Linear and Nonlinear Integral Equations.
Full text linkIntegral transforms can be directly applied to solve various classes of Volterra integral equations, including those with convolutional kernels and linear Volterra integro-differential equations. However, solving nonlinear Volterra and Fredholm integro-differential equations requires decomposing the integral transform with one of the established methods for solving integral equations, such as the Adomian Decomposition Method. In this paper, we demonstrate how the Bayawa integral transform, either independently or in combination with the Adomian decomposition method, can be employed to solve various classes of integral equations, depending on their type. To verify the method’s efficiency, we solve diverse examples of integral equations, obtaining exact or approximate solutions based on their complexity. The obtained results show that the iterative Bayawa transform-Adomian decomposition approach effectively solves a wide range of IEs
Air Pollution Impact on Rainwater Quality in Tripoli City-Libya
Full text linkThis paper is concerned with the evaluation of the air pollution impacts on rainwater quality in the city of Tripoli during the rainy season extended from December 2023 to May 2024. A total of 167 samples were collected from seven selected locations, including two urban sites (Tripoli Center and Ras-Hassan area), in addition to five other sites representing the suburban areas which is (Souq Al-Jumaa, Al-Sabaa, Ain-Zara, Al-Khalla, and Al-Hadba Al-Mashrou). Samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate (NO₃⁻), nitrite (NO₂⁻), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), carbonate (CO₃²⁻), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The results showed that the levels of air pollutants containing acids and salts in the city rainwater were low and within the normal range according to the Libyan Water Quality Standards (2015) and the World Health Organization (2017). It was also found that, the highest levels of pollution were in dense urban areas, while they were low in suburban areas. Looking at the chronology, pollution rates peaked during April followed by May, reflecting the seasonal effects of weather factors, and the pollution during the spring is higher than in winter, due to the decrease in the number of rainfall and consequently the lower rates of wet sedimentation, rising temperatures, in addition to increasing the chances of exposure to windborne dust, which contains mineral, calcareous and salt particles, and a decrease in the rate of diffusion of marine salts. However, the city\u27s rainwater remains within safe limits for various uses in drinking, agriculture and industry
The Legal Frame of the Right to Recover On Cheque Paid by Mistake - A Comparative Study
Full text linkعالج البحث الإطار القانوني للمطالبة باسترداد قيمة الصك المدفوعة في الحالات المشوبة بالغلط، لبيان الآليات التي يتم بموجبها رجوع المصرف على المستفيد ومطالبته برد المبلغ المالي الذي تلقاه بموجب الصك تحت تأثير الغلط، وانصب التركيز على اتجاهات الفقه والقضاء بشأن حالات الغلط التي تجيز للمصرف المطالبة باسترداد قيمة الصك، والاشتراطات اللازمة لمباشرة دعوى الاسترداد التي يرجع بمقتضاها المصرف المسحوب عليه على المستفيد الذي تمكن من قبض قيمة الصك تحت تأثير الغلط. ولقد اتبع في إعداد هذا البحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والمقارن، وتناولت الدراسة الإطار القانوني للمطالبة باسترداد قيمة الصك في مطلبين خصص الأول للبحث في حالات المطالبة بالاسترداد، وخصص الثاني للبحث في شروط مباشرة دعوى المطالبة باسترداد قيمة الصك وتطبيقاتها العملية.This research study addressed the legal framework for claiming the amount of a cheque that was paid in case of mistake. It aimed to clarify the mechanisms through which the bank can seek restitution from the beneficiary and demand the return of the financial amount received based on the cheque paid by mistake. The focus was on the trends in jurisprudence and judiciary regarding cases of mistake that allow the bank to claim the use of the amount of the cheque, as well as the necessary conditions for filing a recovery lawsuit through which the drawee bank reclaims the amount from the beneficiary who mistakenly received the amount of the cheque.
The researcher has adopted a critical comparative methodology in this investigation. Recovering a cheque that was paid by mistake was the main focus of the analysis.
Tracking Sea Level Changes and Their Effect on The Seabed Geomorphology and Sediment Depositional System in Menai Strait by Using SBES and MBES Data
Full text linkThe Menai Strait, a tidal channel in northern Wales, represents a unique and dynamic marine environment where strong tidal currents drive significant changes in seabed geomorphology and sediment distribution. This study aims to investigate these changes using a combination of Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES) data collected over seven years (2007–2014) and Multibeam Echo Sounder (MBES) data acquired over two years (2011–2012). The SBES data provide a long-term perspective on water depth variations, while the MBES data offer high-resolution insights into sedimentation rates and geomorphological processes. Advanced geospatial analysis tools, including ArcGIS, were utilized to process and interpret the bathymetric data. Hillshade and slope analyses of MBES datasets revealed distinct patterns of sediment deposition and erosion, driven by tidal dynamics. The study identified significant sediment accumulation in the central channel and pronounced erosion along the Strait\u27s edges, which correlates with varying tidal velocities and substrate types. Sand wave features observed in the MBES data highlighted dynamic sediment transport mechanisms, with changes in wave morphology indicating active seabed reworking processes. The findings underscore the effectiveness of integrating SBES and MBES data for monitoring seabed geomorphological changes in complex tidal environments. The study also highlights the necessity of tidal corrections and spatial analysis tools to enhance the accuracy and reliability of bathymetric surveys. By providing a detailed understanding of sedimentary processes in the Menai Strait, this research contributes valuable insights into the broader study of coastal and marine geomorphology. These results not only inform future studies on the impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities but also aid in developing sustainable management strategies for similar tidal environments worldwide
Morphological and Histological Description of Spiny Dogfishshark Liver, Squalusacanthais(Linnaeus,1758),Elasmobranchii,Squaliformes
Full text linkThe current study describes the morphological and histological appearance of the liver of the spiny dogfish Squalusacanthais, which is classified as Class: Chondrichthyes, Subclass: Elasmobranchi. Morphologically, the liver was observed as large, and consists of two symmetrical lobes connected from the upper side, and the gallbladder was observed in the right lobe. Histologically, liver sections were prepared with H&E stain, and examined with a light microscope. Hepatic parenchyma was surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue and primarily composed of hepatocytes. The nuclei of these cells were observed at the terminal site, with lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Central veins were observed, surrounded by connective tissue and lined with a squamous epithelial layer. Hepatocytes were, separated by numerous blood sinusoids with connective tissue. Blood arteries were observed, surrounded by thick muscular fiber walls and narrow lumens compared to veins. The portal vein was observed, along with the artery and bile duct, surrounded by a thick connective tissue. The bile duct was surrounded by a layer of muscular fibers, lined with a simple columnar epithelial layer with clear nuclei, and a connective tissue layer. Melanin-containing cells were observed, but no hepatic lobules or connective tissue were seen between them. Additionally, Hepato-pancreatic tissue was not identified.