Omar Al-Mukhtar University Journals
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Some Types of near Normality Based on Soft Simply Open Sets
Full text linkThis study investigates the fundamental properties and applications of soft simply open sets within soft topological spaces. We establish novel theoretical frameworks by:
1- Characterizing their relations to soft separation axioms (particularly near normality).
2- Demonstrating their duality through soft simply interior (closure) operations, and proving their efficacy in handling uncertain data structures.
The results highlight how soft simply open sets bridge theoretical topology with computational applications, offering new tools for complex data analysis. Future directions include extensions to soft compactness and connection with fuzzy neural networks.
Antioxidant role of Cleome droserifolia extract on cyhalothrin-induced oxidative stress in male albino rats
Full text linkCyhalthrin (cy) is pyrethroid pesticidde used gloally to control pests in farming and inside homes. Cleome droserifolia extraction (Cd) is a potential antioxidant that protects tissue from oxidative damage. The current study looks at the antioxidant properties of cd on Cy-caused oxidative harm in rats. A group of 20 male Wistar rats were separated among 4 distinct groups; Group I acted as the control;
The Legal Nature of Drug Trafficking in Libyan Legislation
Full text linkيمثل ارتفاع ظاهرة الإتجار بالمخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية أحد أبرز التحديات الأمنية، والقانونية لكافة الدول، مما استتبع ضرورة تدخل المشرع الجنائي للحد من ارتفاع هذه الظاهرة، ولعل من أبرز مظاهر تشدد المشرع الليبي في مواجهتها تبني طبيعة قانونية مزدوجة لمفهوم الاتجار (الاتجار كسلوك إجرامي، الاتجار كقصد جنائي خاص)، كل ذلك كان سبب في تضارب أراء الفقهاء وأحكام القضاء حول تحديد العناصر اللازمة لقيام هذا المفهوم، والتي تختلف باختلاف طبيعته القانونية عند النظر في كل واقعة على حدا، مما تطلب دراسة هذا المفهوم بشكل تفصيلي لمعرفة مدى الخصوصية التي أعطاها المشرع الليبي والقضاء الليبي لمفهوم الاتجار ومعرفة الطبيعة القانونية لهذا المفهوم.The increase in the phenomenon of drug and substance trafficking is one of the most important security and legal challenges for all countries. What required the intervention of the penal legislator to reduce the rise of this phenomenon. One of the most striking manifestations of the rigor of the Libyan legislator in dealing with it is perhaps the adoption of a dual legal nature for the concept of trafficking: trafficking is criminal behavior _ trafficking as a particular criminal intent. All this was the reason for the contradictory opinions of jurists and court decisions on determining the elements necessary for the establishment of this concept, which varies according to its legal nature when considering each incident separately. This required a detailed study of this concept in order to know the particular character that the Libyan legislator and the Libyan justice gave to the concept of trafficking? And knowing the legal nature of this concept
Microgrid for Residential and Office Building with Battery Storage and Central Hot-Water Tank
Full text link–Renewable Energy Resources(RER)are becoming a greater fraction of the energy supply, and efficiently delivering this energy to variable loads presents a variety of problems. This paper models a small-scale microgrid consisting of residential and office building with energy supplied from solar panels, battery and hot water tank, and grid as a backup. The load profiles representing one year of building electrical and hotwater energy demand are developed from historical meter data. Electrical demand is supported by battery storage, and hotwater demand is supplied from a central storage tank. A dispatching control algorithm is designed to transfer available renewable power directly to the loads or storage systems, while confirming constraints on power flows and stored energy. For a fixed annual load profile, the proposal goal is to size system elements to minimize cost while maintaining high renewable energy penetration and low renewable curtailment. Renewable energy from a PV array is dispatched to the load or is stored for later use, and the microgrid performance is measured by the renewable energy penetration, renewable curtailment, and system cost over time. Modeling results indicate that replacing some electrical storage capacity with thermal storage for demand hotwater has the potential to decrease cost and increasing renewable. penetration and decrease renewable curtailment
Genetic Algorithm Fitness Function Comparison for PID Controller Optimization in DC–DC Boost Converters
Full text linkتُستخدم محوّلات الرفع DC-DC بشكل واسع في تطبيقات مصادر الطاقة وأنظمة الطاقة المتجددة. ويُعد الحفاظ على جهد خرج ثابت تحت تغيّر ظروف الدخل والحمل من أبرز التحديات في هذه الأنظمة. ومن بين أساليب التحكم المختلفة، يبقى متحكم التناسب–التكاملي–التفاضلي (PID) الأكثر انتشارًا بفضل بساطته وكفاءته. ومع ذلك، فإن اختيار القيم المثلى لثوابت المتحكم لتحقيق توازن بين الدقة في الحالة المستقرة والاستجابة العابرة يُعد أمرًا معقدًا.
في هذه الدراسة، تم استخدام الخوارزمية الجينية (GA) لتحسين معاملات متحكم PID في محوّل الرفع، وذلك بالاعتماد على أربع دوال ملاءمة مختلفة: ITAE، IAE، ITSE، و ISE. تم بناء نموذج المحوّل المقترح باستخدام MATLAB/Simulink لتقييم الأداء الديناميكي الذي يقدمه كل معيار من معايير التحسين.
وتُظهر نتائج المحاكاة أن اختيار دالة الملاءمة يؤثر بشكل ملحوظ على سلوك المحوّل في كل من الاستجابة العابرة والحالة المستقرة. ومن بين المعايير المستخدمة، قدّم الضبط المعتمد على ITAE أفضل أداء، محققًا أقل تجاوز (Overshoot)، وزمن ارتفاع أسرع، وخطأ حالة مستقرة منخفض.DC-DC boost converters are extensively employed in power supply and renewable energy applications. Maintaining a stable output voltage under changing input and load conditions is a major difficulty in such systems. Among different control approaches, the Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller remains the most widely applied due to its simple structure and reliable performance. However, selecting the optimal set of PID gains that balance steady-state accuracy and transient response is often complex. In this study, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize the PID parameters of a boost converter using four different fitness functions: Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE), Integral of Absolute Error (IAE), Integral of Time-weighted Squared Error (ITSE), and Integral of Squared Error (ISE). MATLAB/Simulink has been utilized to model the proposed converter to evaluate the dynamic performance achieved by each optimization criterion. Simulation results illustrate that the choice of fitness function has a significant effect on the converter’s transient and steady-state behavior. Among the tested criteria, the ITAE-based tuning yields the best performance, providing minimal overshoot, faster rise time, and reduced steady-state error
Agnosticism between Omar Khayyam and Elia Abu Madi: A Comparative Study
Full text linkكان للشعر أهمية كبرى في إظهار أفكار الشاعر فضلاً عن مشاعره، لذا فقد ظهرت لنا فلسفة الكثير من الشعراء من خلال أشعارهم، ولعل الشاعر الأشهر في نشر فلسفته عن طريق أشعاره في الثقافات الشرقية الشاعر عمر الخيام، الذي تأثر به عدد غير قليل من الشعراء على مر العصور واختلاف الثقافات، وقد ظهرت لديه أفكار تؤيد انتماءه إلى الشعراء اللاأدريين، وهو ما ظهر لدى الشاعر اللبناني إيليا أبي ماضي في قصيدة الطلاسم أيضاً، لذا عملنا وفقاً للمنهج التحليلي والتأويلي على دراسة اللاأدرية لدى الخيام وإيليا أبي ماضي، وقد وصل البحث إلى أن كلاً منهما عكس فلسفته في هذا الخصوص في أشعاره، غير أن وضوح ذلك لدى الخيام كان أعمق منه لدى أبي ماضي، كما أن الميادين التي شملت لاأدرية الخيام كانت أوسع منها لدى أبي ماضي، ومن ذلك مثلاً أن الخيام تطرق إلى الذات الإلهية والجنة والنار، كما وصل البحث إلى أن الخيام لجأ إلى الخمر ليتخلص من حيرته تجاه كل مسألة وجودية اعترضته، أما أبو ماضي فقد كان ملجؤه إلى الطبيعة، فبث لها شكوكه، وخفف بذلك من ثقل الحيرة على أفكاره، وغيرها من النتائج. هدف هذا البحث إلى إظهار حيرة كل من الشاعرين من القضايا الوجودية وهو مما لم يطرق مسبقاً في المقالات التي تناولت الشاعرين، وعمل على بيان فكر كل منهما من جانب، والتقريب بينهما من جانب آخر، بغية تسليط الضوء على الدراسات المقارنة التي تتناول هاتين الثقافتين.Poetry has a great role in expressing poets\u27 thoughts as well as their feelings, hence the philosophy of many poets was manifested in their works. Omar Khayyam is considered one of those famous Eastern poets whose works were heavily loaded with his philosophical ideals, which influenced a large number of poets of different times and cultures. Khayyam’s ideology appears to be in affiliation with other agnostic poets, such as the Lebanese poet Elia Abu Madi in his poem ‘Talismans.’ This research adopts analytical and interpretive approaches to study agnosticism in Khayyam and Abu Madi. We conclude that both poets highlighted their agnostic ideas in their poetry, however, it was broader and more apparent in Khayyam’s than that in Abu Madi’s. For example, Khayyam’s poetry touched on the divine self, Heaven and Hell. As a result, Khayyam resorted to wine to get rid of his confusion regarding every existential matter that confronted him. Abu Madi, on the other hand, seeked refuge in nature to clarify his doubts and reduce the burden of confusion he experienced. This research aims to focus on the confusion of both poets regarding existential matters, which was not previously addressed in the articles that dealt with the two poets. The research also works on clarifying their thoughts on the one hand, and bringing them closer together on the other hand, in order to focus on comparative studies between these two cultures
A study of the manuscript "Training the Learner on Ladder Logic" by Rahuma bin Muhammad al-Sari
Full text linkيتناول هذا البحث قراءة في مخطوط لأحد علماء ليبيا وهو (الشيخ رحومة محمد الصاري) بعنوان (تدريب المتعلم على منطق السلم) شرح فيه المؤلف متن السلم المنورق للعلامة أبي زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد الصغير الأخضري في علم المنطق شرحا لطيفا، تعرض فيه لبعض المسائل اللغوية، مع بيان المعنى الإجمالي. وقد كانت هذه الدراسة في مقدمة ومطلبين، كان الحديث في المطلب الأول عن الشيخ رحومة الصاري سيرته ومؤلفاته، بينما تناول المطلب الثاني دراسة المخطوط والتعريف به، مبينا من خلاله تسميته ونسبته لمؤلفه، وموضوعه، ووصف النسخة الخطية، ومصادرها، ومنهجية المؤلف، وقد تبين التزام المؤلف بالأخذ من المصادر التي نص عليها في مقدمة مخطوطه، لم يخرج عنها إلا فيما فتح الله به عليه في بعض المسائل اللغوية، كما أنه لم يكثر من الاستطرادات أثناء الشرح لأنه ذكر وصفا لشرحه بأنه شرح لطيف فكان كما قال.This research examines a manuscript by one of the Libyan scholars, Sheikh Rahoma Muhammad al-Sari, entitled "Training the Learner on the Logic of the Ladder." In it, the author provides a detailed explanation of the text "The Ladder of the Ladder" by the scholar Abu Zayd Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad al-Saghir al-Akhdari, which deals with the science of logic. It addresses some linguistic issues, while clarifying the overall meaning.
This study consisted of an introduction and two sections. The first section talked about Sheikh Rahoma Al-Sari, his biography and his writings, while the second section dealt with studying the manuscript and introducing it, explaining through it its name and attribution to its author, its subject, a description of the manuscript, its sources, and the author’s methodology. It became clear that the author was committed to taking from the sources he stated in the introduction to his manuscript. He did not deviate from them except in what God opened for him in some linguistic matters. He also did not make many digressions during the explanation because he described his explanation as a nice explanation, and it was as he said
Public Secondary Schools in Al Bayda: A Study of Spatial Distribution and Adequacy Levels by Locality
No full textهدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل التوزيع المكاني للمدارس الثانوية العامة في مدينة البيضاء، وتقييم مدى كفايتها وعدالتها الجغرافية في تلبية احتياجات السكان. اعتمد البحث على منهجية متكاملة تجمع بين التحليل الوصفي والكمي باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) وأدوات الإحصاء المكاني مثل قرينة الجار الأقرب، المسافة المعيارية، والاتجاه التوزيعي. تم جمع البيانات من مصادر متعددة، كبرنامج Google Earth Pro، لإنشاء قاعدة بيانات مكانية دقيقة. كشفت النتائج عن تفاوتات كبيرة في التوزيع المكاني للمدارس، حيث تركزت 54.55% منها في محلة الغريقة، بينما عانت محلات مثل البيضاء الغربية والزاوية القديمة من غياب كامل للمدارس الثانوية. أظهر التحليل الإحصائي أن نمط التوزيع متباعد وغير عشوائي، مع تركيز واضح في المناطق الوسطى والشرقية من المدينة، مما يعكس خللاً في العدالة الجغرافية ويؤثر على سهولة الوصول إلى الخدمة التعليمية. كما أبرزت الدراسة الحاجة إلى إعادة تخطيط التوزيع المكاني للمدارس لمواكبة النمو السكاني والمتطلبات المستقبلية.This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of public secondary schools in Al-Bayda city and to assess their adequacy and geographic equity in meeting the population’s needs. The research employed an integrated methodology combining descriptive and quantitative analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial statistical tools, such as the Average Nearest Neighbor, Standard Distance, and Directional Distribution. Data were collected from multiple sources, including Google Earth Pro, to establish an accurate spatial database. The results revealed significant disparities in the spatial distribution of schools, with 54.55% concentrated in the Al-Ghreeqa district, while areas such as Al-Bayda West and the Old Zawiya suffered from a complete absence of secondary schools. Statistical analysis indicated that the distribution pattern is dispersed and non-random, with a clear concentration in the central and eastern parts of the city, reflecting a deficiency in geographic equity and affecting accessibility to educational services. The study also highlighted the need to reconsider and redesign the spatial distribution of schools to accommodate population growth and future educational requirements
Range Condition in Relation to Climate, Energy Variables, and Beef Cattle Population Dynamics in New Mexico
Full text linkUnderstanding the relationship between range condition and economic, environmental, and biotic factors and providing a description of the range condition cycle plays an important role in promoting the sustainability of ranching in New Mexico State (NM). This study aimed to understand the linkages between range condition and crude oil production, crude oil prices, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperatures, and beef cattle population as well as to describe the fluctuation in range condition cycle. Data for all study variables were collected for the period 1958–2017 period. The generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) and its exponential version (GARCH) models were used to examine the relationships between range condition and all study variables. Range condition cycle was identified by using spectral analysis and seasonal adjustment function. Crude oil prices (β = -0.2669), mean annual precipitation (β = 0.0963), and mean annual temperatures (β = -13.2914) were the only predictors of range condition. The length of range condition cycle was 10 years. Range condition began to decline from the second year and continued through the third year and then began to increase from the fourth year and continued through the tenth year. Generally, range condition showed a declining trend between the 1970s and the mid of 2010s
Performance Evaluation of Artificial Neural Networks for Estimating Refer-ence Evapotranspiration in Shahat, Libya using limited climatic data
Full text linkThis study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to estimate the reference evapotranspiration using limited climate data in Shahat region in Libya, compared to using the FAO Penman-Monteith equation (FPM), which requires temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and number of sunshine hours, which are rarely available in most meteorological stations in developing countries. In this study, we used the average temperature (Tmean) and the average relative humidity (RHmean) obtained from Shahat meteorological station for the period from 1963 to 1999, and the extraterrestrial radiation (Ra), which can be calculated given the location and time of the day. These data are divided into two groups, from 1963 to 1988 and from 1989 to 1999 for the training and validation phases of the neural networks, respectively. This study concluded that using (Tmean), (RHmean) and (Ra) gave the best agreement with the results calculated with the FAO Penman-Monteith equation, where the values of R2 and RMSE are equal to 0.98 and 0.26, respectively