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Monuments to Notable Women: Increasing Female Representation in Public Space
Get PDFWho and what a society commemorates tell a great deal about its collective history, identity and values. This paper deals with the lack of visibility and representation women receive in “official” memory through the lens of public statues. Statues to notable men dominate the landscape of cities and towns across the world, while the majority of the “female” representation is through allegorical figures depicting ideals like justice or liberty. I follow the efforts of feminist organizations in San Francisco, New York City and Sofia, Bulgaria that are working to correct this imbalance by demanding more statues to important historical women, and argue that this very public form of inequality is important to address despite criticisms that statues can be somewhat irrelevant to the larger cause of gaining equal representation. Seeing historically celebrated women taking a distinct place in the public landscape not only instills confidence in young women but reinforces among all people that women are valued, and they have been and can continue to be in positions of power and make a difference in society moving forward
Battered Woman’s Syndrome: A Tragic Reality, an Evolving Theory
Get PDFBattered Woman’s Syndrome became a crucial area of study that complemented the feminist movement of the 1970s. While criminologists generally began to analyse women’s role in crime, Lenore Walker, author of ‘Battered Woman’, focused her research on women enduring domestic violence and the effects of this continued abuse. Walker’s research revolutionised opinions and beliefs around domestic violence, but her theory has been met with much criticism. Critics feel that this syndromisation pathologises women, and that it does not adequately represent a woman’s response to this abusive treatment. This article analyses the competing theories to illustrate the progression and give a critical analysis around Battered Woman’s Syndrome
It Takes Balls to be a Girl Boss: Assessing the Influence of Androgens in the Emergence of Female Leaders
Get PDFIn the vast majority of mammalian societies, males enjoy the highest social ranking, a dichotomy that is largely modulated by sex hormones known as androgens. However, in some species, like the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), these pervasive sex roles have been reversed, such that highly “masculinised” females have become the dominant sex. Drawing on observations from the natural world, this paper explores the relevance of the endocrinological mechanisms underlying the emergence of female leaders in these species to humans and considers to what extent androgens may influence the procurement and ultimate trajectory of female leadership in a species where women must overcome societal, as well as biological, challenges
Chemistry: Editorial Note and Articles
No full textEditor: Alan O\u27Doherty
Abstract 1:
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as Anti-Cancer TherapeuticsRíona Devereux, Senior Sophister, Medicinal Chemistry
Tyrosine kinases play a crucial role in the cellular processes of proliferation, growth, survival and migration and their overexpression and deregulation, due to mutations, can lead to oncogenesis and metastases. The research into the novel avenue of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been revolutionary, as they are more specific and less toxic when compared to conventional cancer therapies.
To date, many novel TKIs have been discovered and are increasingly used in the treatment of cancer. This review briefly summarises the design and mechanism of action of some approved TKIs and probes some of the future prospects for these small molecule therapeutics.
Abstract 2:
Lanthanide-based Metal-Organic Frameworks as LuminescenceJustynne Joy Fabian, Senior Sophister, Medicinal Chemistry
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are three-dimensional crystalline materials composed of metal ions linked by organic ligands. Due to their highly porous nature and tunable framework structures, MOFs have been used for numerous applications, ranging from gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensing of metal ions and small molecules, and as photoactive materials. The incorporation of lanthanides as metal nodes within MOF structures has become a popular strategy. Unlike their transition metal analogues, lanthanide metal atoms are much larger, giving rise to higher coordination numbers, resulting in more available metal sites for coordinating ligands and solvents.
In addition to high thermal and water stability, lanthanide-based MOFs (Ln-MOFs) have been used for their attractive photophysical properties. Photoluminescence occurs following excitation of photosensitizing organic ligands. Ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) is a process that enhances the luminescence of lanthanide ions within a coordination complex. The organic ligands act as photosensitizers which absorb light and transfer this energy to the lanthanide ion, which emits light at a specific wavelength and intensity. This phenomenon can be used in a variety of applications, including the detection of nitroaromatic compounds, metal ions, small molecules, and solvents.
Abstract 3:
Boronic Acid Based Polymers for Saccharide SensingMaeve Ward, Senior Sophister, Medicinal Chemistry
Within biomedical applications the smart design of responsive polymers, specifically designed to interact with their surrounding environment, is resulting in many novel microscale devices. At their most fundamental, these have encompassed materials which convert biological changes into a modulation of optical, electrical, or mechanical signals. In this regard,Boronic acid (BA) derivatives are becoming an ever more popular topic of research in the biomaterials field owing to their ability to reversibly bind biologically relevant diols.
This review will detail the design of stimuli-responsive BA polymers capable of detecting saccharides in biological media such as ocular fluid and blood. Such sensors are ofbiomedical interest due to their potential as novel glucose sensors for the treatment of diabetes
Artist-led ensembles – an interview with Conor Mitchell, founder of The Belfast Ensemble
Get PDFIn the first Perspectives on Practice interview, Conor Mitchell speaks to Ali FitzGibbon about the establishment of artist-led The Belfast Ensemble and its civic and artistic purpose. The discussion explores the challenges and opportunities the Ensemble have encountered in their relationships with venues, festivals and audiences. The interview also considers how the Ensemble and Mitchell himself have negotiated their identity as ‘of Belfast’ and ‘of Northern Ireland’
Patterns of Firm-Level Productivity in Ireland
Get PDFAlthough Ireland is a high productivity country, it has not been immune from the global productivity slowdown, with the pace of growth on a downward trend throughout the 2000s. To identify the determinants behind the aggregate productivity growth in Ireland we use a firm-level panel dataset from the CSO to study productivity patterns and trends distributed by percentile, sector, ownership, as well the efficiency of resource allocation. Our results show a widening of the productivity gap between the most and least productive firms, consistent with cross-country results from the OECD. Results also confirm that aggregate productivity statistics are heavily dominated by a small number of foreign owned firms, leaving Ireland’s productivity prone to firm-specific shocks, while also disguising the performance of domestic sectors and firms. Lastly, allocative efficiency, a key driver of productivity, does not appear particularly strong amongst domestic sectors of the economy
Educational Inequality versus Income Inequality: An Empirical Investigation
Get PDFUsing panel data from 101 countries between 1970 and 2010, this paper explores the dynamic interaction between educational and income inequalities by employing a panel VAR approach with system GMM estimates. The empirical evidence highlights that a more equal distribution of education has contributed significantly to reduce income inequality for low-, middle-, and high-income OECD countries. However, in the higher middle-income and high-income OECD countries, the significance of educational inequality disappears once the level of development, educational attainment and the degree of trade openness are included in the analysis. Further results reveal that an unfair distribution of income acts as a barrier to achieve a better distribution of education in the low- and middle-income economies. Specifically, in the low- and lower middle-income countries, educational inequality and income inequality accentuate each other and generate a vicious cycle of inequalities under all estimation techniques and control variables
Corrigendum to: Patterns of Firm-Level Productivity in Ireland
Get PDFOriginally published in The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 52, No. 3, Autumn 2021, pp. 241-268. The authors of the above paper wish to inform readers that the order of the authors has been corrected to: Javier Papa, Luke Rehill and Brendan O’Connor. This author order has replaced the previous incorrect one in the online paper
AIDS Vaccine Trials: Ethical Ramifications and Policy Implications For Developing Countries
Get PDFThis paper was originally presented at the 124th American Public Health Association Meeting in New York City as part of the International Health Section presentations, and has been updated to reflect current statistic
The Morality of the Miniskirt
Get PDFThis essay will attempt to prove that the debate over miniskirts reflected the debate on the changing role of women in Irish society, and the standards Irish women were expected to aspire to. Many of the discussions around the miniskirt challenged established beliefs on female sexuality and the standards of domesticity placed on Irish wives and mothers, especially in regard to young women. Evidence for this argument is primarily sourced from the national and regional press, but it is reinforced by academic articles and media contemporary to the period