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Utilization And Effectiveness Of Malaria Prevention Methods Among Pregnant Women In A Rural Community Of Ekiti State, South West Nigeria : A Cross- Sectional Study.
Full text linkBackground: National surveys indicate that among countries in Africa where malaria is endemic, Nigeria
alone accounts for 21% of pregnancies that are unprotected from malaria. The purpose of this study is to
ascertain the extent of utilization and effectiveness of malaria prevention methods, to find out the
existing relationship between maternal parasitaemia and the effectiveness of these methods at (p<0.05)
level of significance.
Methods: The study was a cross sectional survey involving 264 consenting booked pregnant women
who were recruited from antenatal clinic at Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido -Ekiti, Ekiti State, Southwestern
Nigerian. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on the socio-demographic
characteristics of the respondents, mode of malaria prevention, extent of utilization of malaria prevention
methods and their effectiveness. Venous blood samples for malaria parasite test were collected and
microscopic analysis was done to detect the malaria parasite in the obtained blood samples. Data was
analyzed using SPSS version 20.0
Results: All the 264 pregnant women interviewed, consented to having their blood taken. In rank order, the
mode of malaria prevention methods most commonly reported as being effective were Intermittent
Preventive Treatment using sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-sp) which was favored by majority 190
(72.0%). This was followed by Insecticide Spray 166 (62.9%). Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) were the
least utilized by 108 (40.9%) respondents. Nine (8.3%) of the 108 participants that used ITNs, 15 (7.9%)
of the 190 participants that used IPT-s and 18 (10.8%) of the 156 participants that used Insecticide Spray
tested positive for malaria respectively. There was a statistically significant association between
maternal parasitaemia and malaria prevention methods using ITNs (p=0.001), IPT-sp (p = 0.001) and
Insecticide sprays (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: The three malaria preventive methods adopted for this study were ITNs, IPT-sp and
Insecticide Spray. Despite their protective effectiveness, their utilizations are still poor. Information and
communication strategies with other concerted efforts by the stakeholders are suggested to ensure
proper implementation of the national policy on malaria as adopted by other countries
Stroke Subtypes, Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes at A Tertiary Hospital Situated in Rural Southwestern Nigeria: A Five- Year Restrospective Observational Study
Full text linkIntroduction: Despite the high burden of stroke globally, there is an observed paucity of data regarding its subtypes,
risk factors and treatment outcomes in rural Southwestern Nigeria. The study ascertained the subtypes, risk factors
and treatment outcomes of stroke at the adult Accident and Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital in a rural
Southwestern Nigeria.
Materials and methods: A retrospective survey using data form and standardized questionnaire was used to review the
patients admitted for stroke between January 2015 and December 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version
22.0. The results were presented in descriptive and tabular formats.
Results: In this study, 276 stroke patients comprised Ischemic (60.1%) vs Hemorrhagic (39.9%) strokes were studied.
The mean age of the patients was 67.3±11.1 years. The majority were males and were older than 65 years. The
independent predictors of stroke admissions were Informal education [(AOR = 0.288; 95% CI: (0.120-0.691), p =
0.005)], low income earners [(AOR = 0.452; 95% CI: (0.230-0.888), p = 0.021)], obesity [(AOR = 0.080; 95% CI:
(0.019-0.347), p= 0.001)], heart failure [(AOR= 9.152; 95% CI: (2.325-41.266), p < 0.001)], atrial fibrillation [(AOR
= 0.136; 95% CI: (0.068-0.891),p = 0.001)], tobacco smoking [(AOR = 0.350; 95% CI: (0.137-0.891), p = 0.028)], and
poorly controlled blood pressure [(AOR = 0.107; 95% CI: (0.033-0.348), p <0.001)]. The mortality rate was 10.1%.
Conclusion: The results of this study further support the argument on the higher prevalence of stroke admission in
rural areas of Southwestern Nigeria. There may be need for public awareness on primary stroke prevention and early
identification of the risk factors in order to reduce the prevalence and mortality of stroke in the rural Southwestern Nigeria
Towards an Effective Information Assurance and Risk Management (IA&RM) Guide: A Case Study.
Full text linkThe implementation of effective information assurance and risk management (IA&RM) guide entails the decision
to select, use an appropriate security model, standard, and following the proper risk analysis framework. This White
Paper specifies security control processes in a venture's Information Security Management System (ISMS) at a
level to fulfil the security objectives of Cerious Cybernetics Corp (CCC). It accomplishes this by illuminating the
executive with the appropriate accentuation of security processes and the underlying measurements. It helps to
determine the effectiveness of performed controls in decision-making on targeted business. It addresses the
board, enterprise and security Architects in the pursuit to enact the ideas and strategies for robust, businessaligned
security capabilities within an overall ISMS. It helps practitioners to understand the use of a Ransomware
contextual analysis to show how an IA&RM might further the sustainability of CCC objectives within its working
context. In CCC, practitioners expectedly, are to create added value by aligning appropriate frameworks to execute
strategic approach, comprehensively, cost-effective, and with innovation. It provides expert guidance on mapping
processes to implement IA&RM professional guide
Aetiologies of profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss among children in Ekiti State, South Western Nigeria
Full text linkIntroduction: a strong need exists for the knowledge of aetiologies of diseases as this will guide the clinicians on the strategies for their treatment and prevention. In this study, we determined the aetiologies of profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (pbSNHL) with a view to provide the relevant data needed for preventive and therapeutic intervention among children in Ekiti State, South Western Nigeria. Methods: medical records of children with pbSNHL seen over a ten-year period were analysed. Results: in all, records of 142 children with pbSNHL were analysed. The results showed spectrum of aetiologies that were similar to those reported decades ago with the 'unknown' assuming a recurring decimal. Of the known (acquired) cases, measles takes up the largest 'chunk' with a prevalence of 45.8%. Twenty-eight (32.2%) of those with febrile illnesses had treated their fever with ototoxic antibiotics. Late diagnosis was characteristic of the pbSNHL. Conclusion: this study shows that there hasn't been any significant shift in the common causes of pbSNHL. Of great concern is the persistence of the 'unknown' causes which assumes a recurring decimal in this and previous studies. Also worrisome is the high prevalence of measles-induced pbSNHL despite the availability of anti-measles vaccine. We therefore suggest effective immunization against measles and other vaccine-preventable causes of pbSNHL. The need for intensive research on the unknown causes of pbSNHL is hereby stressed. Also recommended is routine hearing assessment for survivors of febrile conditions so as to detect, if any, hearing loss promptly
Caesarean delivery rate and indications at a secondary healthcare Facility in Ibadan, South Western Nigeria: a five-year review
Full text linkBackground: Caesarean delivery is an essential surgical skill within the primary care setting aimed at reducing maternal
morbidity and mortality.
Objectives: To determine the rate and indications for caesarean deliveries with a view to improving on the service delivery
in the study area.
Methods: A retrospective review of all caesarean deliveries over a five-year period, January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2016.
Results: A total of 2321 deliveries were recorded during the study duration and 481 of them were through caesarean section (CS) giving a caesarean section rate of 20.4%. The rate was higher in the multigravida 255 (53.1%). The commonest
indication for caesarean section was previous caesarean section 131 (27.2%). Emergency caesarean delivery accounted for
278 (57.8%). Only 16 (3.3%) stayed more than five days postoperatively while the rest, 465 (96.7%), stayed less than five days.
There was a gradual yearly increase in rate from 12.1% in 2012 to 19.5% in 2016.
Conclusion: The rate of CS in this study has shown a gradual yearly increase with emergency CS having a higher percentage.
Early diagnosis and referral of high-risk pregnancies from peripheral hospitals could reduce emergency CS among the study population
Relationship between the Usage of Long-Lasting Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets (LLITNs) and Malaria Prevalence among School-Age Children in Southwestern Nigeria
Full text linkPurpose: The usage of LLITNs in malaria vector control has resulted in the reduction in malaria deaths among higher-risk groups (pregnant women and under-fives). However, there exists asymptomatic infection among older children, thereby making them a reservoir of malaria transmission. This study aimed at assessing the impact of LLITN usage on malaria prevalence among school-age children (SAC) in Ekiti, South Western Nigeria.
Methods: Cross-sectional, two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to collect data from SAC during May and June 2017. A total of 1313 (Oye LGA: 657 and Ikole LGA: 656) SAC in selected public primary schools participated in the study. Sociodemographic information as well as data on LLITN usage the previous night was obtained using pretested, semistructured questionnaires adapted from the standardized Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) tools. Malaria infection was diagnosed by using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) on blood samples that were collected by finger prick from each child. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows software version 26 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: Usage of LLITNs among SAC was significantly higher in Ikole LGA than in Oye (p < 0.001). Socioeconomic factors (access to electricity, mother's occupation, and household size) showed significant associations with LLITN usage (p < 0.001) in both Oye and Ikole LGAs. Malaria prevalence was significantly low among SAC utilizing LLITNs in both Oye and Ikole LGAs (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between gender and malaria prevalence among SAC with males having higher prevalence than females (p < 0.001). Socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with malaria prevalence in both LGAs (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The usage of LLITNs caused a significant reduction in malaria prevalence among the school-age children in the study areas; hence, sensitization on usage should be scaled up towards malaria elimination
Otological manifestation of temporomandibular joint disorder in Ekiti, a sub-Saharan African country
Full text linkObjective: To determine the prevalence, sociodemographic features, and clinical presentation of
temporomandibular joint disorder in otorhinolaryngological practice.
Methods: This prospective hospital-based study involved patients diagnosed with temporomandibular
joint disorder in our institution’s ear, nose, and throat department. Data for this study
were obtained from the patients using pretested interviewer-assisted questionnaires.
Results: The prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder in this study was 1.3%. The study
population included 17 (26.2%) male patients with a male:female ratio of 1.0:2.8. Joint disorder
accounted for 75.4% of all disorders, while both mastication muscle and joint disorder accounted
for 21.5%. A majority of the patients (47.7%) presented between weeks 1 and 13 of the illness.
Unilateral temporomandibular joint disorder accounted for 98.5% of all disorders. The main
otologic clinical features were earache and a dull tympanic membrane in 100% and 35.4% of
patients, respectively. Middle ear assessment revealed type A in 73.8% of patients and type B in 20.0% according to Jerger’s classification system of tympanometry. Most patients (81.5%) were referred by their family physician. All patients had undergone prehospital treatment prior to
presentation.
Conclusion: Temporomandibular joint disorder is a common presentation in medical practice.
Common clinical features include ear, joint, and mastication muscle disorders
EFFECTIVENESS OF GEOPHYSICAL ASSESSMENT OF BOREHOLES DRILLED IN BASEMENT COMPLEX TERRAIN AT AFE BABALOLA UNIVERSITY, USING ELECTROMAGNETIC (E.M.) METHOD
Full text linkIn this research, an Electromagnetic (E.M) method of groundwater investigations was used as an on-spot assessment tool to test the integrity of the developed borehole in Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti. Some randomly selected functional and abandoned boreholes developed by the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) methods were chosen for this study, with the aim to know the potential of the boreholes. Four transverses were established across the institution consisting of two functional and two abandoned boreholes selected from the existing forty boreholes. These were subjected to E.M method of groundwater investigation using a PQWT S500 series machines. The results obtained from this study produced curve graphs and subsurface profile maps of each transverse location. It was observed that boreholes TR 1 and TR 3, were accurately sited on vertical fractures and weathered formations while TR 2 and TR 4 were wrongly sited at the locations of poor groundwater yielding zone
Financial Liberalization and Economic Growth in Nigeria (1986-2018)
Full text linkSeveral studies have emerged since the work of McKinnon and Shaw (1973) on the relationship between financial liberalization and economic growth. However, there are still dearth of literature in respect to the proxies employed for financial liberalization. As a result, this study investigated the effect of financial liberalization on economic growth in Nigeria covering a period of 33years spanning 1986 to 2018. Adopting McKinnon and Shaw hypothesis as the theoretical framework, economic growth was represented by gross domestic product (GDP), financial liberalization was represented by prime lending rate, saving deposit rate, exchange rate, credit to private sector and ratio of private investment to GDP. Data were sourced from CBN Statistical Bulletin and estimation done using auto regressive distributed lag. The study found that, financial liberalization has long and short run relationship with economic growth. Further findings also showed that prime lending rate had insignificant positive and credit to private sector had significant positive effects on economic growth. On the other hand, savings deposit rate, exchange rate and ratio of private investment to GDP have insignificant negative effects on economic growth. The study concluded that, financial liberalization has significant positive effect on economic growth with overriding effect from credit to private sector. Therefore, the study recommended among others that, government through the Central Bank of Nigeria should review the saving deposit rate upward in order to encourage increase of domestic savings by surplus sector of the economy. More importantly, policies that will encourage private sector investment should be looked into by government so as to further stimulate economic growth in Nigeria
EFFECTIVENESS OF GEOPHYSICAL ASSESSMENT OF BOREHOLES DRILLED IN BASEMENT COMPLEX TERRAIN AT AFE BABALOLA UNIVERSITY, USING ELECTROMAGNETIC (E.M.) METHOD
Full text linkIn this research, an Electromagnetic (E.M) method of groundwater investigations was used as an on-spot assessment tool to test the integrity of the developed borehole in Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti. Some randomly selected functional and abandoned boreholes developed by the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) methods were chosen for this study, with the aim to know the potential of the boreholes. Four transverses were established across the institution consisting of two functional and two abandoned boreholes selected from the existing forty boreholes. These were subjected to E.M method of groundwater investigation using a PQWT S500 series machines. The results obtained from this study produced curve graphs and subsurface profile maps of each transverse location. It was observed that boreholes TR 1 and TR 3, were accurately sited on vertical fractures and weathered formations while TR 2 and TR 4 were wrongly sited at the locations of poor groundwater yielding zone