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Relationship between Perceived Spousal Social Support and Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients Attending General Outpatient Clinic in Federal Teaching Hospital, IdoEkiti, Nigeria
Full text linkBackground: Despite many approaches to control hypertension, a lot of people still experience challenges keeping their Blood Pressure (BP) under control, and because the condition requires life - long treatment, many patients will need additional effort from their spouses. The spouse shares intimacy with patient and is the chief source of social support that provides fi nancial assistance, reminds and encourages medication use, shows concern and interest by discussing issues related to the disease. Therefore, exploring the relationship between Perceived Spousal Social Support (PSSS) and BP control will help the physician and other stakeholders harness the gains of this association to achieving BP control, prevent complications and death associated with hypertension.
Objective: To identify the relationship between perceived spousal social support and blood pressure control among hypertensive patients attending General Outpatient Clinic (GOPC) in Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Materials and methods: This was a hospital - based cross - sectional study carried out between June and August 2016 among 298 hypertensive patients aged 18 and 65 years attending GOPC of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti. Collection of data was done using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, blood pressure measurement and 4-point Likert Social Support questionnaire to measure the perceived spousal social support. Data was analysed using SPSS IBM version 17.0.
Results: Mean age of respondents was 56.0 ± 8.5 years and seventy percent were females with male to female ratio of 1:2.3. Less than half of the respondents, 47.7% and about half of the respondents, 50.3% achieved BP control and demonstrated strong PSSS respectively. There was statistically signifi cant relationship between PSSS and BP control (χ2 = 27.05, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Social support perceived by participants positively infl uenced their BP control. Family Physicians and other health care providers should therefore determine and enhance the level of this support and encourage spouses to provide this support for their partners who have hypertension or those having diffi culty controlling their BP despite the appropriate use their medications
Role of perceived spousal social support in medication adherence among hypertensive patients attending family medicine clinic in federal teaching hospital, ido-ekiti, Nigeria
Full text linkBackground: There abound many strategies to control hypertension, however, many patients still have diffi culty adhering to medications and this results to poor Blood Pressure (BP) control. And because the condition requires life - long treatment, many patients need additional effort from their spouses. The spouse shares intimacy with patient and is the chief source of social support that provides fi nancial assistance, reminds and encourages medication use, shows concern and interest by discussing issues related to the disease. Therefore, exploring the role of perceived spousal social support in medication adherence will help the physician and other stakeholders harness the gains of this association to achieving BP control, prevent complications and death.
Objectives: To determine the relationship between Perceived Spousal Social Support (PSSS) and Medication Adherence (MA) among hypertensive patients attending Family Medicine Clinic in Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Materials and methods: It was a hospital - based cross - sectional analytical study carried out among 298 hypertensive patients aged between 18 and 65 years between June and August 2016 at the Family Medicine Clinic of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido Ekiti. Data collection was done using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, blood pressure measurement, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) for medication adherence and a 4-point Likert Social Support questionnaire for compliance to measure the perceived spousal social support. Data was analysed using SPSS IBM version 17.0.
Results: The mean age of respondents was 56.0 ± 8.5 years. Overall, there was a statistically signifi cant relationship between PSSS and MA (χ2 = 17.93, p < 0.001). Gender and PSSS were found to be independent predictors of MA.
Conclusion: Spousal social support impacts positively on medication adherence, therefore exploring this social resource will improve MA and the management outcomes of hypertension
Pattern of Dysglycaemia and Family Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus among Patients Attending General Outpatient Clinic of Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Full text linkDiabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease that currently affects over 366 million people worldwide and its prevalence is likely to double by 2030. Therefore, the need to screen for diabetes mellitus has become an impetus. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of dysglycaemia and significance of familiar risk factors for diabetes mellitus among the study population. One hundred and thirty-two and 48 consecutive non-previously diagnosed DM and previously diagnosed DM patients respectively were recruited from the same clinic. An interviewer administered questionnaire was applied and blood samples were taken for blood glucose. The prevalence of dysglycaemia was 36.2% and only 40.6% of the diabetic patients who did fasting blood glucose had glycaemic control. Family history of Diabetes mellitus in the first generation was significantly associated with chance of developing diabetic mellitus in the study population. In conclusion, it is important physicians begin to be very proactive in the screening for blood glucose in order to detect them early and forestall complications that are associated with late diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Clinical Profile and Management of Peritonsillar Abscess in a Sub Saharan Africa
Full text linkBackground: Peritonsillar abscess is a common pathology that presents to an otolaryngologist with poor documentation especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical profile and management of peritonsillar abscess in our practice. Material and Method: This was a retrospective study of patients presenting to our Ear, Nose and Throat facility with diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess. Information obtained includes detailed demographic characteristics, clinical findings and management of the patients. All obtained data were collated, entered into computer system and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. Results: Prevalence of peritonsillar abscess was 0.2%. There were 38.9% males and male to female ratio was 1:1.6. Duration of illness at presentation with more than 1 week was 75.9% and single episode occurred in 85.2%. Right peritonsillar abscess accounted for 66.7% and aspirated pus of more than 5 ml was recorded in 48.1%. Majority (87.0%) of the patients was referred and 42.6% of such referral is by family physician. Patients seen in ear, nose and throat outpatient clinic were 83.3%. Common symptoms at presentation were fever, sore throat, odynophagia and otalgia in 100%, 94.4%, 90.7% and 59.3% respectively. All the patients (100%) had enlarged tonsils and with deviated uvula on clinical examination followed by 98.1% exudate on the tonsils and 31.5% trismus. Test aspirate confirmed peritonsillar abscess in 68.5% and all revealed growth of bacteria. Common isolated bacteria were 35.2% Streptococcus species and 11.1% Staphyloccocus aureus. Isolated Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus had 100% sensitivity to cefuroxime, gentamicin, azithromycin, ceftazidine, Amoxicillin and Streptomycin. Prior prehospital treatment was received by 81.5% patients. Hospital treatments were surgical intervention and medical treatment in 90.7% and 100% respectively. Recurrences occurred in 3.7% during followed up. Conclusion: Peritonsillar abscess are common disorder with female preponderance in this study. The prevalence recorded in this study was 0.2%. It usually mimic other causes of fever hence eye index of suspicion is essential. Surgical treatment remains the effective mode of management in our study
The United Nations Counterterrorism Strategy in West Africa
Full text linkTerrorism has undoubtedly become a potent security issue not just to West African nations but to the entire world. September 11, 2001 experience of the United States has strategically repositioned sub-regional, regional and international organisations to employ diverse counter-terrorism measures to address the menace. This article assesses the counterterrorism strategy of the United Nations (UN) in an attempt to ascertain the relevance, adequacy and challenges of the legal, institutional and policy instruments of the UN in West Africa. It is a truism to state that the African States have been threatened with terrorism incidences. Efforts of individual states and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are not yielding expected results due to infiltration of terrorist groups; weak government institutions; porosity of international borders, youth unemployment, poverty and a host of other internal factors. The article concludes that the UN counter-terrorism strategy has the potential, together with the existing regional and sub-regional instruments to expeditiously derogate heinous terrorist attacks and related problems in West Africa. It is recommended, therefore that, there is a need for improved collaborative efforts between UN and ECOWAS in order to achieve goals of the UN counterterrorism strategy while good governance is needed to ameliorate government weakness and failures
Blood pressure control and its associated factors among hypertensive patients in federal teaching hospital, ido- ekiti, Southwest Nigeria
Full text linkBackground: Hypertension is a modifi able risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke and renal disease worldwide. Despite improvement in treatment modality and
therapeutic intervention, with proven benefi ts in reducing the burden of uncontrolled hypertension, majority of peoples’ blood pressure still remain uncontrolled.
Aim: To assess the patterns of blood pressure control and its associated factors among hypertensive patients on follow-up.
Setting: This study was done at the general out-patient department of Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido- Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria, which is a referral centre for private
and government owned - health facility in the state and its environs.
Methods: Hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted from June 4 – August 31, 2019. Systematic random sampling method was used to select the 320
participants. Semi-structured interviewer- administered questionnaire was used to seek information on participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle changes
and level of adherence to antihypertensive medication. Blood pressure was measured and recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Multivariate logistic regression
analysis was used to identify the factors associated with poor blood pressure control.
Results: Mean age of the participants was 63.9± 11.5 years. 56.6% had their blood pressure controlled within the recommended limits. In multivariate analysis, civil
servant (OR =45.160, 95% CI: 6.143 – 332.000) and adherence to medication (OR=15.35, 95% CI: 6.303 – 37.391) were the independent associated factors with good
blood pressure control while old age (OR= 0.894, 95% CI: 0.837- 0.955) and diabetes (OR= 0.072, 95% CI: 0.016-.0,318) were independent associated factors with poor
blood pressure control.
Conclusions: Old age and diabetes are the predictors of poorly controlled blood pressure and therefore, clinicians and other stakeholders should provide close
attention and targeted blood pressure control among this set of patients
AN AUDIT AND OUTCOME OF EAR PROCEDURES IN A RESOURCE LIMITED TERTIARY HEALTH CENTER
Full text linkBackground: Ear Procedures are common and determined by different factors in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck practice.
This study aimed at determining the clinical profile and outcome of ear procedures in a tertiary health care.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all patients who had ear procedures done in Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, a sub Saharan African country.
The data collected were collated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0.
Results: Rate of ear procedure in this study was 20.8%. Peak age groups of ear surgery were at the extreme ages of (1-10) and (≥61)years in 29.6% and 26.2% respectively.
Main presenting symptoms were earache in 54.4% and object in the ear in 35.7%. Unilateral ear procedure is more common in 93.5% and occurred in the 52.5% right ear.
Clinic procedures accounted for 93.8%. Emergency procedures accounted for 35.2%. Main indications for ear procedures were 47.8% ear wax impaction, 16.5% otitis externa and 16.1% foreign body impaction.
Major ear procedures in this study were 50.5% ear syringing, 30.0% aural toileting/dressing and 13.6% foreign body removal. Major complication recorded was trauma in 1.9%. Referred patients accounted for 3.9% and main limitation and indication for referral were surgical facilities, diagnostic equipment and patient financial constraints in 3.1%, 2.7% and 1.9% respectively. Main indications for referral were 2.7% auditory brainstem response, 1.9% tympanoplasty and 0.7% cochlear implants.
Majority 63.4% of the patients were satisfied with the ear procedures. There were 3.6% losses to follow up. About 3.3% of patients were referred for ear surgery in another center.
Conclusion: Surgical ear procedures are still not fully practiced especially where there are limited resources. This study showed a prevalence of 20.8%. Ear syringing was a major ear procedure performed in 50.0% of patients. There is need to provide adequate surgical facilities which will tremendously reduce referral cases and encourage surgical tourism in developing country
THE DEARTH OF STANDARD ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES IN YORÙBÁ LANGUAGE: Butchers’ terminologies to the rescue?
Full text linkThe need to replace foreign-language medical terms with indigenous terms has prompted
researchers to search for indigenous equivalents of the foreign medical terms. This study which
focused on the dearth of standard anatomical terminologies in Yorùbá language was an attempt to
examine the adoptability of butchers’ terminologies as descriptive anatomical terms for human
abdomino-thoracic organs. Practising butchers in the South West Nigeria were interviewed on their
terminologies for cow’s abdomino-thoracic organs and the basis for each terminology. The butchers’
terminologies, in Yorùbá language were critically appraised for adoptability as anatomical terms for
human abdomino-thoracic organs. The study observed that cow’s abdomino-thoracic organs were
grossly similar to those of humans. Majority (65%) of the cow’s abdomino-thoracic organs are
named by the butchers’ in traditional Yorùbá terminologies. The butchers’ terminologies were
etymologically derived based on pre-existing concepts similar to the modern terminologies derived
from the ancient Greek and Latin words. About 25% of the butchers’ terminologies were the same
with some human anatomical terminologies which were in use by the health care professionals.
The terminologies concur with the cultural attitudes of the Yorùbá with reference to the private
parts of the human body and majority (80%) of the butchers’ terminologies is simple and familiar to
the people. Given these characteristic features, we concluded that the butchers’ terminologies are
strongly adoptable as descriptive anatomical terms for human abdomino-thoracic organs and may
resolve the dearth of standard anatomical terminologies in Yorùbá language. The findings may form
a baseline for future studies on the translation of anatomical terminologies to Yorùbá language
Clinicoepidemiological Survey of Tonsillitis in Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Full text linkBackground: Tonsillitis is a common throat infection with poor documentation in developing countries. In this
study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence, sociodemographic features, clinicoepidemiological survey, and bacteriology of
tonsillitis among patients in our practice. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of all patients with a
diagnosis of tonsillitis at Ekiti state university teaching hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Data was collected using a pretested
interviewer assisted questionnaire. Bacteriological investigations of tonsils were done and results were recorded. Data
obtained were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. Results: Prevalence of tonsillitis was 12.7%. There were
55.5% males and male to female ratio was 1.2:1. A family history of tonsillitis occurred in 65.9%. The commonest type of
tonsillitis in this study was 59.1% recurrent tonsillitis. The majority 38.4% of the patients were referred by a paediatrician.
The majority 70.7% of the patients were seen in the ear, nose, and throat outpatient clinic. Most of the patients presented with
fever, sore throat, and odynophagia in 72.6%, 71.3%, and 60.4% respectively. Frequent findings on clinical examination were
54.9% enlarged tonsils and 52.4% neck pain/cervical lymphadenopathy. No bacteria were isolated from 25.0% patients while
common isolated bacteria were 11.6% Staphyloccocus aureus and 8.5% Streptococcus species. In this study, isolated
Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus aureus showed 100% sensitivity to cefuroxime, gentamicin, azithromycin, and
ceftazidime. Commonest associated complication was otitis media in 18.9%. Conclusion: Tonsillitis is quite a prevalent
febrile illness with a sore throat and enlarged tonsils. Diagnosis is commonly omitted, poorly treated with associated
complications at presentation to the specialist clinic
An Investigation of The Vulnerability of Information Technology Governance (ITG) Models And Multi-Stakeholder Security Governance Scaling (MSGS) Correlates that Supports Decision-Makers Scalability Mechanism for the Successful Implementation of ITG Within UK's SME Aviation
Full text linkPrimarily, our focus on secondary data obtainable from journal articles and a futurelearn.com study platform will be
used to collect data on SME decision-makers. Data will also be raised on stakeholder views considering the obstacles
to the implementation of ITG by SMEs. Such an opportunity will provide a basis for future research on why SMEs are
becoming involved in the application of ITG models. Further information on how such could help in the successful
implementation of ITG by SMEs will be explored/evaluated. Subsequently, this includes theorising scaling in ITG to
determine the correlation between ITG and MSGS. Similarly, a fuller insight becomes achievable by the researcher on
the implementable ITG; whereby the strategy is compared to the theory in practice. The findings remain a contribution
to knowledge. This section – Research Methods will give the subtleties of the optional information procedure embraced
to address the examination issues recognised above, together with the methods for gathering information for the
investigation, including the interpretation and the examination of the data received. The paper concludes by highlighting
the constraints with the choice of secondary data strategy and its usage