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Dyn DDoS Cyberattack: A Position Paper
Full text linkThe strategy adopted in the Dyn distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack remains a purported accentuation to classify
it as a recent state-of-the-art DDoS even though it took place in 2016. It was one of the biggest DDoS ever launched
and affected the availability of essential internet services. In exploiting vulnerabilities, the attack exposed the insecurity
that surrounds some IoT devices. It helps experts in further deployment of detection techniques and countermeasures
strategy. In this paper, a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigating against such attacks explored by critically analyse
and reflect on the Dyn DDoS attack and hacking techniques. A discussion on possible countermeasures followed to
suggest hybrid solutions by multiple different organisations to provide a secured solution to the internet against similar
attacks
Otorhinolaryngology Manifestations of Covid-19 Patients Short Title: ENT Manifestations of Covid-19
Full text linkObjective:
Our main aim is to review the published literature under the ENT manifestations in COVID19 positive patients having underlying
causes.
Materials and Methods:
We have read about 45 peer-reviewed Elsevier, springer, wild pub, Jama network, British health magazine, Pub Med, Wiley's
online booksellers, Karger journals, Europe PMC, new England newspaper, American Roentgen ology journal, and Nature's
Public Health Emergency Series. We read about 45 peer-reviewed articles. The authors then summarized, collected, and analyzed
the findings of research that met these criteria for inclusion and exclusion.
Results:
According to the possibilities the ENT manifestations included sore throat in 49 patients, cough in 799 patients, rhinitis in 87
patients, fatigue in 415 patients, loss of sense of taste in 80, loss of sense of smell in 171 patients, fever in 959 patients, headache in
189 patients, nausea and vomiting in 64 patients was reported. It also had dyspnea in about 64 patients. non-ENT symptoms that were more common and were more than the ENT manifestation were diarrhea in 9 patients, myalgia in 52 patients, hypertension
in 79 patients, diabetes in 26 patients, heart disease in 20 patients, Urticarial in 15 patients
Conclusion:
ENT manifestations are not always the same as people suffering from COVID-19. They may vary with the underlying conditions
such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases as discussed in the article
An Exploration of Developing Issues and the relationship between Information Technology Governance and Multi-stakeholder Security Governance Scaling for Cyber Security Decision-Makers within the UK Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Aviation
Full text linkThe objective of this study is to feature the developing issues and explore the relationship between Information Technology Governance (ITG) and Multi-stakeholder Security Governance Scaling (MSGS) for decision-makers within the UK’s SME Aviation, which should benefit academia and practitioners. By conducting an extensive literature review, covering expert and scholarly writing, lean implementation thinking, SMEs cyber policymaking industrial and grand synergy, a profound knowledge level and concise synthesis can be presented, which informs the exploratory secondary qualitative research. In creating the framework, a process theory approach is pursued by transcribing primary data into secondary data to develop models and identify themes with a purposive survey sample from SMEs decision-makers. The sample consists of 2008 respondents of the SMEs from six industrial sectors with mainly UK’s SME Aviation.
After the transcription of data, the output then reanalysed with principal component and link analysis tools. The outcome led to the lean adoption to cyber policymaking in SMEs. Core findings are that implementable cyber policy is at the heart of integration between ITG and MSGS. Decision-makers should consider the security culture of the SMEs Aviation and put in place an efficient information assurance and risk management guide. It becomes evident that the identifiable relationships between ITG and MSGS are due to scaling approach to implementable cyber policy. Suitable key performance indicators, metrics, dynamic approach to scaling are essential to implementable cyber policymaking.
Interestingly, adoption of inappropriate scaling technique to security policies guidelines could affect the right balance of profiling negatively, assuring and delivering cybersecurity. Overall, decision-makers must produce a strategy of inclusion, training, communication for the integration of frameworks. Such a scaling approach provides a template for agile adoption to implementable cyber policymaking.
Even though this study could build an academic bridge between academia and practice, there could be possible improvement using primary data via interviewing across numbers of SMEs Aviation from various countries, which could be a limitation as well as an opportunity for future research. Conclusively, it can be stated that implementable cyber policy must be adequately adapted to SMEs business environment of an industrial sector as industrial and grand cybersecurity strategy
Diagnosis and Management of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in a West African Country
Full text linkObjectives: Management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is inadequate in many developing countries. Also,
there is a paucity of literature on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in developing countries including West
African countries.
This study aimed at determining the pathological distribution, clinical presentation, comorbid illnesses, patients
limitations, prehospital and Specialist treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in our center. It will also
form the basis for further study on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Methods: This was a prospective hospital-based study of all patients with the diagnosis of benign paroxysmal
positional vertigo. Pretested interviewer assisted questionnaire was administered to obtain data. Otoscopic
examination, otoneurologic review, followed by mandatory Dix Hallpike manoeuvre and supine roll test was
performed on all patients. All the patients were treated appropriately by Epley manoeuvre and Semont liberation
manoeuvre. All the data obtained were collated and analysed by using SPSS version 18.0.
Results: The mean age of the patients studied was 48.7. Males accounted for 46.1% with male to female ratio of
1:1.2. There was unilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in 99.4% and right benign paroxysmal positional
vertigo in 64.3%. 66.2% was posterior semicircular canal followed by 24.7% lateral semicircular canal. Majority
83.8% had more than 4 episodes before the presentation. Commonest clinical experience among our patients was
vertigo, nystagmus, and loss of balance in 85.1%, 81.8%, and 80.5% respectively. Chronic cases (greater than 3
months) of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo occurred in 92.9%. 97.2% of the patients were reviewed ear, nose,
and throat outpatient clinic.
Associated comorbid illnesses were a visual disorder, hypertension, arthritis and diabetes mellitus in 27.9%, 23.4%,
22.1%, and 2.6% respectively.
Patients major sources of referral was a general practitioner in 57.8%. The Commonest affected quality of life
among patients was anxiety in 31.8%. It limits the daily activities of patients in 31.8% movement restrictions, 29.9%
avoid turning on the bed, 24.7% indoor and 1.9% avoid driving a car.
Majority 72.7% of the patients had one or more form of prehospital treatment. These were 46.1% pharmacy
consultation, 30.5% over the counter drugs, 44.2% spiritual intervention, 23.4% herbal medication and 5.2% dietary
approach. Majority 65.6% of the patients were on one or more form of medication(s) of which labyrinthine sedative
was 63.0%.
Conservative treatment was offered in 79.2%. Only 59.1% had canalith repositioning manoeuvres at presentation
with two or more sessions in 50.6%. Comorbid illnesses were responsible for referral in 9.1% for experts review and
management.
Conclusion: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is a common otologic disorder with significant comorbid
illnesses which limits patients daily activities and affect their quality of life. The illness was associated with late presentation and poorly treated by an unskilled hand, thus there is a need for public enlargement on vertigo and
treatment
Glycemic control and its association with sociodemographics, comorbid conditions, and medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes in southwestern Nigeria
Full text linkObjective: We determined the prevalence of poor glycemic control and associations with
sociodemographics, comorbid conditions, and medication adherence among patients with type
2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at a tertiary hospital in southwestern Nigeria.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study among 300 patients with T2DM
using systematic random sampling. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect information on respondents’ sociodemographic profile, lifestyle, comorbid conditions, and antidiabetic
medications. Adherence was determined using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Fasting
blood samples were tested using a glycated hemoglobin marker. Multivariate logistic regression
was used to identify factors associated with poor glycemic control
Global Health: Challenges And Responses. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils.
Full text linkBackground: Globalization has made the world perceive health from a global perspective, considering how trends and events in
individual countries and different regions impact health at the international level. As the world strives towards health for all,
there are some major challenges slowing progress.
Materials and Methods: A literature search for studies on Global health challenges was performed using Google Scholar search
database, PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect. The bibliographies of included studies were also searched for additional
references. About 115 articles were identified. Twenty-five articles were considered suitable for the review.
Results: Climate change is identified as presenting the biggest threat to the achievement of health globally. Unsafe products
and poor nutrition are also a significant threat to people’s wellbeing worldwide. Lifestyle changes and increased use of harmful
chemicals in consumer products pose a serious health risk. Low health literacy also presents a challenge as it hinders proper
communication of health-related information. Inadequate investment in health workers further adds to the challenge of access
to health care..
Conclusion: Global health remains the top issue around the world, directly influencing decisions on all other aspects of life,
whether they are social, economic, or environmental. Good health is a priority at the individual, national, and international
levels. As the world tries to address illnesses and ensure the safety of the population, serious challenges limit the success of the
initiatives set in place
Stroke Subtypes, Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes at A Tertiary Hospital Situated in Rural Southwestern Nigeria: A Five- Year Restrospective Observational Study
Full text linkIntroduction: Despite the high burden of stroke globally, there is an observed paucity of data regarding its subtypes, risk factors and treatment outcomes in rural Southwestern Nigeria. The study ascertained the subtypes, risk factors and treatment outcomes of stroke at the adult Accident and Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital in a rural Southwestern Nigeria. Materials and methods: A retrospective survey using data form and standardized questionnaire was used to review the patients admitted for stroke between January 2015 and December 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. The results were presented in descriptive and tabular formats. Results: In this study, 276 stroke patients comprised Ischemic (60.1%) vs Hemorrhagic (39.9%) strokes were studied. The mean age of the patients was 67.3±11.1 years. The majority were males and were older than 65 years. The independent predictors of stroke admissions were Informal education [(AOR = 0.288; 95% CI: (0.120-0.691), p = 0.005)], low income earners [(AOR = 0.452; 95% CI: (0.230-0.888), p = 0.021)], obesity [(AOR = 0.080; 95% CI: (0.019-0.347), p= 0.001)], heart failure [(AOR= 9.152; 95% CI: (2.325-41.266), p < 0.001)], atrial fibrillation [(AOR = 0.136; 95% CI: (0.068-0.891),p = 0.001)], tobacco smoking [(AOR = 0.350; 95% CI: (0.137-0.891), p = 0.028)], and poorly controlled blood pressure [(AOR = 0.107; 95% CI: (0.033-0.348), p <0.001)]. The mortality rate was 10.1%. Conclusion: The results of this study further support the argument on the higher prevalence of stroke admission in rural areas of Southwestern Nigeria. There may be need for public awareness on primary stroke prevention and early identification of the risk factors in order to reduce the prevalence and mortality of stroke in the rural Southwestern Nigeria
An application of Countermeasures to Protect a Potential Vulnerable Infrastructure
Full text linkThe competitiveness of business enterprises entails the need for competitive advantage to lean on the ability of Cybersecurity (CS) specialists to apply resources in meeting shifting needs. A specialist’s approach robustly must offer solutions to storage convenience, and on-demand access to a shared pool of IT resources in a secured manner. The reality of system subjectivity to security threats and vulnerabilities remains an accentuating matter. In this paper, a framework by which penetration testing is conducted to highlight possible weaknesses within a business infrastructure, simulate attacks to exploit vulnerabilities. Denial of Service (DoS) and Man-in-the-Middle attacks, and a bit of WEP cracking; investigated. The outcome of white box approach using on-campus and home-Lab help in the critical reflection on countermeasures and prevention mechanisms as applied to mitigate against attacks
Measles‑induced Hearing Loss: Pattern, Diagnosis, and Prevention among Children in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria
Full text linkBackground: Measles‑induced hearing loss is an otologic tragedy. In this study, we looked into the
hypothesis that measles‑induced hearing loss may exhibit specific pattern the knowledge of which
may guide clinicians on its diagnosis and prevention among children. Objective: The objective of the
study was to describe the pattern, diagnosis, and prevention of measles‑induced hearing loss among
children. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of children with measles‑induced
hearing loss in two tertiary hospitals. Results: In all, 112 children with measles‑induced hearing
loss were studied. Majority (92.8%) were struck by the auditory shutdown at age 0.5–5 years.
Most (87.5%) of the measles‑induced hearing losses were sensorineural with 73.5% of them being
profound, bilateral, and irreversible. Majority were not diagnosed early due to a lack of visible or
palpable diagnostic features. Majority (70.5%) of the children were not vaccinated against measles.
Features suggestive of encephalitis were commonly associated with the profound sensorineural
hearing loss. About 10% concomitantly used ototoxic antibiotics at the acute stage of the measles
infection. About 84% of the children were deaf and dumb. Conclusion: This study shows that
measles‑induced hearing loss often affects children around the age of speech acquisition leaving the
victims deaf and dumb. Late diagnosis is characteristic of the auditory shutdown. The need to scale
up effective antimeasles vaccination among children is hereby stressed. Routine postmeasles hearing
assessment of victims is a practicable step to identify early those that require prompt rehabilitation
with hearing aid or cochlear implant
Assessment of Drinking Waters Quality Collected from Boreholes in Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD)
Full text linkThe quality of drinking water is dependent of its source(s) and means of collection. The water available for drinking in the study area is accessible through groundwater exploration. This research was carried out to determine the quality of water from the selected boreholes within the university and checked by the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standards for the various parameters considered. Samples were gotten from seven (7) of the sited boreholes and various physico-chemical parameter tests such as turbidity test, conductivity test, pH test, copper test, manganese test, chloride test, sulphate test, chromium test, nitrate test and cadmium test and bacteriological tests as total plate count, total coliform count and faecal coliform count were carried out following due procedure, precautions and the results analyzed. The results show that most samples were satisfactory for the tests carried out while only two (samples from Behind Admin and Engineering) were unsatisfactory in turbidity while one sample (sample from Back of College 2) was unsatisfactory in the cadmium test. WQI showed that the water samples had excellent qualities except for that from Back of College 2 which had poor quality and is unsuitable consumption