Revistas Académicas de la Universidad Gabriela Mistral
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Saint Thomas and the Three Orders of the Medieval Imaginary. An exploration of inequality among men in his social and political philosophy: An exploration of inequality among men in his social and political philosophy
No full textThis paper examines inequality among men from a social and political perspective, in which the concept of ‘trifunctionality’ emerges as a key concept. The reflection presented here constitutes a continuation of a fundamental first part (published in issue 27 (2025), pp. 38-64, of this same journal), which dealt with the anthropological-metaphysical and theological doctrine of inequality among men according to Saint Thomas. This reflection now focuses on the Thomistic formulation of trifunctionality from both a social and political perspective. Returning to the conclusion of the first part, it is reaffirmed here that inequalities among men are not primarily natural, but rather moral. Now, in addressing the social and political question, although the existence of social and political inequalities is revealed, in Tomás’s opinion, these are structural in nature, not the result of individual moral merit. The free nature of the formation of society, carried out through consensus, opens the door to the possibility of an ever-increasing closeness among men, the fruit of that awareness of fundamental equality among them caused by social friendship. Such progress, inherent to the dynamism of optimal social development, of a civilizing kind, can never occur outside the framework of hierarchical structures and functions that necessarily imply inequality among men.This paper examines inequality among men from a social and political perspective, in which the concept of ‘trifunctionality’ emerges as a key concept. The reflection presented here constitutes a continuation of a fundamental first part (published in issue 27 (2025), pp. 38-64, of this same journal), which dealt with the anthropological-metaphysical and theological doctrine of inequality among men according to Saint Thomas. This reflection now focuses on the Thomistic formulation of trifunctionality from both a social and political perspective. Returning to the conclusion of the first part, it is reaffirmed here that inequalities among men are not primarily natural, but rather moral. Now, in addressing this issue, while the existence of social and political inequalities is revealed, in Thomas’ view, these are fundamentally structural, not the result of individual moral merit. Furthermore, the free nature of the formation of society, based on consensus, highlights the possibility of an ever-increasing closeness among people, a consequence of that awareness of fundamental equality among them brought about by social friendship. Such progress, inherent to the dynamism of optimal social development, of a civilizing kind, can never occur outside the framework of hierarchical structures and functions that necessarily imply inequality among men
La memoria en san Agustín: una revisión de su categorización como facultad en el De Trinitate
Get PDFIn the De Trinitate, Saint Augustine discusses of a trinity within the soul: memory,intellect, and will. These three realities have often been interpreted as if they were allfaculties or inner powers. This paper will propose a critical reconsideration of thisinterpretation, with a focus on the notion of memory. Through textual and conceptualanalysis, it will be argued that Augustine’s account of memory is closer to a habit than toa faculty in the strict sense. It will also be maintained that understanding memory as afaculty problematically broadens the scope of its nature or domain. In this way, the articleseeks to qualify the classical characterization of Augustine’s trinity of the soul and toopen new avenues for its understanding. It will further be shown that, for Augustine,memory cannot be reduced to a mere mechanism of retention or recall. Rather, conceivingit as a habit allows for a clearer account of its relation to the soul and to that form of selfpresencewhich precedes the actual exercise of self-knowledge. Whereas the latterrequires the operation of faculties such as intellect and will, memory appears as a constantbackground, a stable disposition that safeguards the identity of the subject.En el De Trinitate, san Agustín habla de una trinidad que está en el alma: la memoria, la inteligencia y la voluntad. Muchas veces estas tres realidades han sido interpretadas como si todas fueran facultades o potencias interiores. En este artículo se propondrá una revisión crítica de dicha interpretación, centrándose en la noción de memoria. A partir de un análisis textual y conceptual, se tratará de mostrar que la memoria agustiniana se aproxima más al hábito que a una potencia en sentido estricto. Asimismo, se argumentará que entenderla como facultad amplifica de manera problemática el alcance de su naturaleza o dominio. Con ello se buscará matizar la caracterización clásica de la trinidad agustiniana y abrir nuevas vías para su comprensión. Se mostrará, además, que la memoria en san Agustín no se reduce a un simple mecanismo de retención o evocación de recuerdos. Antes bien, comprenderla como hábito permitirá esclarecer su relación con el alma y con esa autopresencia que antecede al ejercicio del autoconocimiento. Mientras que este último requiere la actividad de facultades como la inteligencia y la voluntad, la memoria aparece como un trasfondo constante, una disposición estable que custodia la identidad del sujeto. En este sentido, se sostendrá que la memoria se manifiesta de diferentes maneras: como realidad habitual, como depósito íntimo de nociones fundamentales y, de algún modo, como el lugar donde se inscribe la presencia de lo divino en el hombre.
De Michel a Michael: de cuerpos dóciles a espíritus animados
Get PDFIt seems to be written in stone that postmodern therapies have completely dissociated themselves from the body. Particularly narrative therapy in its use of text metaphor, in its effort to transform the dominant narratives and meanings of people\u27s life experiences into alternative narratives. Given the disembodied considerations of this clinical practice, a review of Michel Foucault\u27s docile body and its transformation into an enlivened spirit in Michael White is proposed. Movement that looks at the constitution of subjectivity as a politically embodied identity. As a hypothesis, it is in narrative therapy where a new way of thinking about corporality and its connection with the revitalization of the “sense of myself” is inaugurated. The reflections will be accompanied by a clinical case.Parece estar escrito sobre piedra que las terapias posmodernas se han disociado completamente del cuerpo. Particularmente la terapia narrativa en el uso de la metáfora del texto, en su esfuerzo por transformar los relatos dominantes y significados de las experiencias de vida de las personas en relatos alternativos. Ante las consideraciones desencarnadas de esta práctica clínica, se propone una revisión del cuerpo dócil de Michel Foucault y su transformación en espíritu animado en Michael White. Movimiento que mira la constitución de subjetividad como identidad políticamente encarnada. A modo de hipótesis, es en la terapia narrativa donde se inaugura un nuevo modo de pensar la corporalidad y su nexo con la revitalización del “sentido de sí mismo”. Las reflexiones serán acompañadas de un caso clínico
ARGUMENTO CAUSAL, EXPLICACIÓN PSICOLÓGICA Y MODELOS NO-CAUSALES: ¿PUEDEN LAS PROPIEDADES EXTERNISTAS SER EXPLICATIVAMENTE RELEVANTES PARA LA CONDUCTA?
Get PDFIn this article, I examine the causal argument defended by some philosophers, who argue thatonly the intrinsic or internal properties of the cognitive subject are relevant for explainingbehavior, based on the relationship between causally efficacious and explanatorily relevantproperties. Although it is commonly accepted that causally efficacious properties areintrinsic, I will argue that the causal argument fails to fulfill its purpose. This is becauseextrinsic or external properties can be equally explanatory, as the properties determiningexplanatory relevance can be characterized not only in causal terms but also in non-causalterms. Towards the end of the paper, drawing from new explanatory models emerging fromneuroscience and mathematics, I will show how non-causal models could be an interestingalternative for explaining behavior in certain cases.En este artículo examino el argumento causal defendido por algunos filósofos que sostienen que sólo las propiedades intrínsecas o internas del sujeto cognitivo son relevantes para explicar la conducta, basándose en la relación entre propiedades causalmente eficaces y explicativamente relevantes. Aunque usualmente se acepta que las propiedades causalmente eficaces son intrínsecas, sostendré que el argumento causal no logra cumplir su propósito. Esto se debe a que las propiedades extrínsecas o externas pueden ser igualmente explicativas, ya que las propiedades que determinan la relevancia explicativa pueden caracterizarse, no solo en términos causales, sino también en términos no causales. Hacia el final del trabajo, y a partir de nuevos modelos explicativos provenientes de las neurociencias y matemáticas, mostraré cómo los modelos no causales podrían ser una alternativa interesante para explicar la conducta en ciertos casos
Prácticas profesionales en post-confinamiento: Experiencias subjetivas de estudiantes de Psicología
Get PDFThe present research aims to understand the subjective experience of professional practice in face-to-face mode, of psychology students in a Chilean public university, after the long period of confinement due to the COVID-19 socio-health crisis. The study is based on a narrative-biographical perspective with three final-year students in different areas of professional training. The results show the socioemotional effect caused by the confinement and its progressive decrease in the course of the professional practice, which offers new subjective reinterpretations of tensions that can be considered common in these scenarios, such as the relationship with their supervisors, the expectations of job placement, the relationship with the practice center, among others. With these results, we suggest expanding this field of research into the professional practices of those who are training at university, as this is a context of professionalization that is scarcely addressed as such.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo conocer la experiencia subjetiva de práctica profesional en modalidad presencial, de estudiantes de psicología en una universidad pública chilena, luego del largo periodo de confinamiento por la crisis socio sanitaria de COVID-19. El estudio se instala en la perspectiva narrativa-biográfica con tres estudiantes de último año en distintas áreas de formación profesional. Los resultados dan cuenta del efecto socioemocional ocasionado por el confinamiento y su progresivo decrecimiento al transcurso de la práctica profesional, lo que ofrece nuevas reinterpretaciones subjetivas de tensiones que pueden ser consideradas habituales en estos escenarios, como la relación con sus supervisoras y supervisores, las expectativas de inserción laboral, la relación con el centro de práctica, entre otras. Con estos resultados, se sugiere expandir este campo de investigaciones en torno a las prácticas profesionales de quienes se están formando en la universidad, ya que se trata de un contexto de profesionalización que escasamente es abordado como tal
La leche polifónica. Estudios sobre las nodrizas en la península ibérica (siglos XIII-XVI)
Get PDFReview by María Eugenia ElíasBook: La leche polifónica. Estudios sobre las nodrizas en la península ibérica(siglos XIII-XVI)Author: Sophie Hirel y Hélène Thieulin-PardoEditorial: La Ergastula, 2021, Madrid, Spain.Reseña realizada por María Eugenia ElíasLibro: La leche polifónica. Estudios sobre las nodrizas en la península ibérica(siglos XIII-XVI)Autor: Sophie Hirel y Hélène Thieulin-PardoEditorial: La Ergastula, 2021, Madrid, España
“Dames hardies et chevalereuses”: amazonas, preuses y Juana de Arco en los tratados de Vies de Femmes Illustres (siglos XV y XVI).
Get PDFThe article reviews the presence of the Amazons in texts from antiquity to the 16th century, including their consideration among the nine preuse in medieval works and associating a tenth preuse with Joan of Arc. The treatment of the Amazons and the renowned Maid of Orleans is analyzed in treatises of Vies de femmes illustres from the 15th and 16th centuries, exploring how the authors adapted these figures of female power and what models they proposed, through them, for women of their time.El artículo revisa la presencia de las amazonas en textos desde la antigüedad hasta el siglo XVI, incluyendo su consideración entre las nueve preuses en obras medievales y asociando una décima preuse a Juana de Arco. Se analiza el tratamiento de las amazonas y la célebre Doncella de Orleans en tratados de Vies de femmes illustres de los siglos XV y XVI, explorando cómo los autores adaptaron estas figuras de poder femenino y qué modelos propusieron, a través de ellas, a las mujeres de su época