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Guerreiro, Fernando e José Bértolo (ed.). 2019. Morte e Espectralidade nas Artes e na Literatura. V.N. Famalicão: Húmus.
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Os Fantasmas da Fotografia e do Cinema
Get PDFAs a medium, cinema possesses a photographic nature. In his important article on the “photographic image”, André Bazin discusses the “essential objectivity” (2002, 13) shared by both cinema and photography. However, cinema adds time and movement to that photographic substrate, moving it closer to an idea of spectacle that dates back to older media and forms, such as the Magic Lantern and Phantasmagoria. Thus, cinema falls within a history of haunted media, and the place it occupies in this history was researched and discussed by Laurent Mannoni in his seminal book, Le Grand art de la lumière et de l’ombre: archéologie du cinéma, where he carries out a detailed and convincing excavation of cinema’s spectral antecedents (Mannoni 1999).Com algumas excepções que complexificam a regra, entre as quais os filmes de animação, o medium do cinema possui uma matriz fotográfica. No seu célebre artigo sobre a “imagem fotográfica”, André Bazin discute a “objectividade essencial” (2002,13) comum às artes do cinema e da fotografia. Contudo, a esse substrato fotográfico o cinema acrescenta o tempo e o movimento, aproximando-se de uma ideia de espectáculo que remonta a meios e formas mais antigos, tais como a Lanterna Mágica e a Fantasmagoria. O cinema inscreve-se, assim, de forma determinante, numa história dos media assombrados, e o lugar que ele ocupa nesta história foi investigado e caracterizado por Laurent Mannoni no seu ensaio seminal, Le Grand art de la lumière et de l’ombre: archéo- logie du cinéma, por meio de uma detalhada e convincente escavação dos antecedentes espectrais do cinema (Mannoni 1999)
Editorial:
Get PDFThis special edition publishes the best papers submitted to the 2019 Counter-Image International Conference, held in Lisbon, published after a rigorous process of peer reviews. Conceived by members of the Observatory on Visual Studies and Media Archeology (EVAM), from the ICNOVA/FCSH research center, the conference focused on investigations into critical images based on readings from the most diverse areas of knowledge, such as: history, communication, arts, literature, psychoanalysis, psychology, philosophy, cinema and architecture. A edição da Revista Comunicação e Linguagens n. 52 é dedicada ao tema Counter-Image. Esta proposta decorre da Conferência Internacional Counter-Image, realizada em Maio de 2019, na cidade de Lisboa, na FCSH/UNL. Idealizada pelos membros do Observatório em Estudos Visuais e Arqueologia dos Media (EVAM), do centro de investigação ICNOVA/FCSH, a conferência centrou-se nas investigações sobre imagens críticas a partir de leituras das mais diversas áreas do conhecimento, tais como: história, comunicação, artes, literatura, psicanálise, psicologia, filosofia, cinema e arquitetura
Os cem olhos do pavão: Representações da ave na Idade Média e suas origens simbólicas
Get PDFThe peacock is considered one of the most beautiful animals in nature. This beauty, concerning the imaginary, becomes a key element in the narratives and arts that associate the peacock with the Hindu and Buddhist deities, but also with the pride and the vanity. This article tries to show how the symbolism of the peacock was transmitted and adapted from Ancient India to Medieval Europe, where the bird figured in the Christian creativity as an emblem of the immortality of Christ and the preachers of the Church, along with hagiographical narratives and biblical images.
Bibliography
Handwritten sources
Aberdeen, University, Bestiário de Aberdeen, Ms. 24. Disponível em https://www.abdn.ac.uk/bestiary/.
Library, Medicaen-Laurentian Library, Syriac Orthodox Resources – Miniatures from the Rabbula Gospels. Ms. Plut. I, 56. Disponível em http://sor.cua.edu/Bible/RabbulaMs.html.
Printed sources
ARISTÓTELES – History of Animals [Em linha]. Ed. Richard Cresswell, Project Gutenberg. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59058/59058-h/59058-h.htm.
BARBER, Richard (Ed.) – Bestiary. Being an English Version of the Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS Bodley 764. Woodbridge: Boydell, 1999.
Bíblia de Jerusalém. São Paulo: Ed. Paulus, 2002.
CLARK, Willene B. (ed.) – The Medieval Book of Birds: Hugh of Fouilloy’s Aviarium. (Medieval & Renaissance Texts and Studies, 80). Binghamton, New York: State University of New York, 1992.
ELIANO, Cláudio – On The Nature Of Animals [Em linha]. Ed. A. F. Scholfield, 1958. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em http://www.attalus.org/translate/animals5.html.
ESOPO – Fábulas. Ed. Antônio Carlos Vianna. Porto Alegre: L&PM Editores, 1997.
ISIDORO DE SEVILHA – Etimologias. Ed. Stephen A. Barney; W. J. Lewis; J. A. Beach; Oliver Berghof – The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
JACOPO DE VAZARRE – Legenda Áurea. Ed. Hilário Franco Júnior. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2011.
MARCO POLO – The Travels of Marco Polo [Em linha], vol. 2. Ed. Henry Yule; Henri Cordier, Cap. XVIII. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/12410/pg12410-images.html.
PLINY THE ELDER – The Natural History [Em linha]. Ed. John Bostock, 1885. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D8%3Achapter%3D50.
SANTO AGOSTINHO – A Cidade de Deus. Parte II. São Paulo: Vozes de Bolso, 2014.
SANTO ANTÓNIO – Sermão do Primeiro Domingo da Quaresma. Ed. Henrique Pinto Rema – Santo António: Obras Completas. Porto: Lello & Irmão, 1987.
RAZI, Sharif (Trad.)– Nahjul Balagha: Peak of Eloquence. [Em linha]. DuasPublishing Project (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em https://www.al-islam.org/nahjul-balagha-part-1-sermons/sermon-165-allah-has-provided-wonderful-creations#about-peacock.
Studies
ALLISON, Christine – “YAZIDIS i. GENERAL”. in Encyclopædia Iranica [Em linha]. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazidis-i-general-1.
ANĐELKOVIĆ, Jelena; ROGIĆ, Dragana; NIKOLIĆ, Emilija – “Peacock as a sign in the late antique and early christian art”. Archeology and Science 6 (2010), pp. 231- 268.
BEER, Robert – The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols. London, Chicago: Serindia, 2003.
BERNARD, Meehan – The Book of Kells: An Illustrated Introduction to the Manuscript in Trinity College Dublin. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1994.
CAVALLINI, Andrea – La penna del pavone: Bibbia ed esegesi in Gioivanni Scoito Eriugena. Roma: Città Nuova, 2016.
CHEVALIER, Jean; GHEERBRANDT, Alain – Dictionary of Symbols. Paris: Penguin Reference, 1982.
CHEVALLIER, Jim (Ed.) – How To Cook A Peacock: Le Viandier: Medieval Recipes From The French Court. California: Chez Jim, 2008.
CHOSKYI, Jampa – “Symbolism of Animals in Buddhism”. Revista Buddhist Himalaya [Em linha] 1/1 (1988). (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em: http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-BH/bh117490.htm.
COOPER, Jean C. – An Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Tradicional Symbols. London: Thames & Hudson, 1978.
COTTERELL, Arthur – A Dictionary of World Mythology. New York: Perigee Book, 1979.
DALAL, Roshen – Hinduism: An alphabetic guide. New Dhéli: Penguin, 2011.
DE JONG, Albert – “The Peacock and the Evil One”. in ALLISON, Christine; JOISTEN-PRUSCHKE, Anke; WENDTLAND, Antje – From Daena to Din: Religion, Kultur und Sprache in der iranischen Welt. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009, pp. 303-320.
DE LONGUYON, Jacques – Una redazione latina inedita dei voti del Pavone. A cura do Vincenzo Licitra. Spoleto: Centro italiani di studi sull'alto Medioevo, 1961.
DIXON-KENNEDY, Mike – Encyclopedia of Grego-Roman Mythology. Santa Bárbara: ABC-CLIO, 1998.
EDMONDS, John Maxwell (Ed.) – The Fragments of Attic Comedy. Vol. II. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1959.
FRIEDMAN, John B. – “Peacocks and Preachers: Analytic Technique in Marcus of Orvieto’s Liber de moralitatibus, Vatican lot. MS S93S”. in CLARK, Willene B.; McMUNN, Meradith T. – Beasts and birds of the Middle Ages. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989, pp. 179-196.
FURLANI, Giuseppe – Gli adoratori del pavone: I Yezidi: i testi sacri di una religione perseguitata. Milano: Joovence, 2016.
JACKSON, Christine E. – Peacock. London: Reaktion Books, 2016.
KANG, Kyu-suk – “The Peacock”. Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy 4/1 (2013), pp. 35-43.
LEO, Dominic – Images, Texts, and Marginalia in a "Vows of the Peacock" Manuscript. New York: Brill, 2013.
LOTHER, Helmut – Der Pfau in der altchristlichen Kunst. Leipzig: Dieterich, 1929.
LUDVIK, Catherine – Sarasvati, Riverine Goddess of Knowledge: From the manuscript-carrying Vina-player to the Weapon-wielding Defender of the Dharma. Leiden, Boston: Brill's Indological Library, 2007.
REIMBOLD, Ersnt Thomas – Der Pfau: Mythologie und Symbolik. Muenchen: Callwey, 1983.
RODRIGUES, Alessandro Pereira – Apício, De Re Coquinaria I-III: Introdução, tradução e notas. Rio Grande do Sul: Universidade Federal, 2010. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em https://lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/29146.
SYME, Alison – “Taboos and the Holy in Bodley 764”. in HASSIG, Debra (ed.) – The Mark of the Beast: Bestiary in Life, Art and Literature. New York, London: Routledge, 200, pp. 163-184.
TESTINI, Pasquale – “Il simbolismo degli animali nell’arte figurativa paleocristiana”. in L’uomo di fronte al mondo animale nell’Alto Medioevo. Atti (dal 7 al 13 aprile 1983). Vol. 2. Spoleto: Centro Italiani di Studi Sull'Alto Medioevo, 1987, pp. 1107-1179.
THANKAPPAN, P. Nair – “The Peacock Cult in Asia”. Asian Folklore Studies 33/2 (1974), pp. 93-170.
TRIFUNOVIC, Dorde – Fiziolog: slovo o hodecim i letecim stvorenjima. Pozarevac: Branicevo, 1973.
VARGAS, Ivette – “Snake-Kings, Boars’ Heads, Deer Parks, Monkey Talk: Animals as Transmitters and Transformers in Indian and Tibetan Buddhist Narratives”. in WALDAU, Paul; PATTON, Kimberly (Eds.) – A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, & Ethics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006, pp. 218-238.
WERNESS, Hope B – Continuum Encyclopedia of Animal Symbolism in World Art. New York, London: Continuum, 2006.
WITZEL, Michael – “Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan”. Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies [Em linha] 5/1 (1999), pp. 1-67. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível in https://doi.org/10.11588/ejvs.1999.1.828.O pavão é considerado um dos mais bonitos animais da natureza. Essa beleza, no que diz respeito ao imaginário, torna-se elemento-chave nas narrativas e nas artes que associam o pavão com as divindades hindus e budistas, com o orgulho e com a vaidade. Este artigo busca apresentar de que forma os simbolismos do pavão foram transmitidos e adaptados, desde a Índia Antiga até a Europa Medieval, onde a ave figurou na criatividade cristã como emblema da imortalidade de Cristo e dos pregadores da Igreja, acompanhando também narrativas hagiográficas e imagens bíblicas.
Referências bibliográficas:
Fontes manuscritas
Aberdeen, University, Bestiário de Aberdeen, Ms. 24. Disponível em https://www.abdn.ac.uk/bestiary/.
Library, Medicaen-Laurentian Library, Syriac Orthodox Resources – Miniatures from the Rabbula Gospels. Ms. Plut. I, 56. Disponível em http://sor.cua.edu/Bible/RabbulaMs.html.
Fontes impressas
ARISTÓTELES – History of Animals [Em linha]. Ed. Richard Cresswell, Project Gutenberg. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em http://www.gutenberg.org/files/59058/59058-h/59058-h.htm.
BARBER, Richard (Ed.) – Bestiary. Being an English Version of the Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS Bodley 764. Woodbridge: Boydell, 1999.
Bíblia de Jerusalém. São Paulo: Ed. Paulus, 2002.
CLARK, Willene B. (ed.) – The Medieval Book of Birds: Hugh of Fouilloy’s Aviarium. (Medieval & Renaissance Texts and Studies, 80). Binghamton, New York: State University of New York, 1992.
ELIANO, Cláudio – On The Nature Of Animals [Em linha]. Ed. A. F. Scholfield, 1958. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em http://www.attalus.org/translate/animals5.html.
ESOPO – Fábulas. Ed. Antônio Carlos Vianna. Porto Alegre: L&PM Editores, 1997.
ISIDORO DE SEVILHA – Etimologias. Ed. Stephen A. Barney; W. J. Lewis; J. A. Beach; Oliver Berghof – The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
JACOPO DE VAZARRE – Legenda Áurea. Ed. Hilário Franco Júnior. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2011.
MARCO POLO – The Travels of Marco Polo [Em linha], vol. 2. Ed. Henry Yule; Henri Cordier, Cap. XVIII. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/12410/pg12410-images.html.
PLINY THE ELDER – The Natural History [Em linha]. Ed. John Bostock, 1885. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D8%3Achapter%3D50.
SANTO AGOSTINHO – A Cidade de Deus. Parte II. São Paulo: Vozes de Bolso, 2014.
SANTO ANTÓNIO – Sermão do Primeiro Domingo da Quaresma. Ed. Henrique Pinto Rema – Santo António: Obras Completas. Porto: Lello & Irmão, 1987.
RAZI, Sharif (Trad.)– Nahjul Balagha: Peak of Eloquence. [Em linha]. DuasPublishing Project (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em https://www.al-islam.org/nahjul-balagha-part-1-sermons/sermon-165-allah-has-provided-wonderful-creations#about-peacock.
Estudos
ALLISON, Christine – “YAZIDIS i. GENERAL”. in Encyclopædia Iranica [Em linha]. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazidis-i-general-1.
ANĐELKOVIĆ, Jelena; ROGIĆ, Dragana; NIKOLIĆ, Emilija – “Peacock as a sign in the late antique and early christian art”. Archeology and Science 6 (2010), pp. 231- 268.
BEER, Robert – The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols. London, Chicago: Serindia, 2003.
BERNARD, Meehan – The Book of Kells: An Illustrated Introduction to the Manuscript in Trinity College Dublin. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1994.
CAVALLINI, Andrea – La penna del pavone: Bibbia ed esegesi in Gioivanni Scoito Eriugena. Roma: Città Nuova, 2016.
CHEVALIER, Jean; GHEERBRANDT, Alain – Dictionary of Symbols. Paris: Penguin Reference, 1982.
CHEVALLIER, Jim (Ed.) – How To Cook A Peacock: Le Viandier: Medieval Recipes From The French Court. California: Chez Jim, 2008.
CHOSKYI, Jampa – “Symbolism of Animals in Buddhism”. Revista Buddhist Himalaya [Em linha] 1/1 (1988). (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em: http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-BH/bh117490.htm.
COOPER, Jean C. – An Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Tradicional Symbols. London: Thames & Hudson, 1978.
COTTERELL, Arthur – A Dictionary of World Mythology. New York: Perigee Book, 1979.
DALAL, Roshen – Hinduism: An alphabetic guide. New Dhéli: Penguin, 2011.
DE JONG, Albert – “The Peacock and the Evil One”. in ALLISON, Christine; JOISTEN-PRUSCHKE, Anke; WENDTLAND, Antje – From Daena to Din: Religion, Kultur und Sprache in der iranischen Welt. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009, pp. 303-320.
DE LONGUYON, Jacques – Una redazione latina inedita dei voti del Pavone. A cura do Vincenzo Licitra. Spoleto: Centro italiani di studi sull'alto Medioevo, 1961.
DIXON-KENNEDY, Mike – Encyclopedia of Grego-Roman Mythology. Santa Bárbara: ABC-CLIO, 1998.
EDMONDS, John Maxwell (Ed.) – The Fragments of Attic Comedy. Vol. II. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1959.
FRIEDMAN, John B. – “Peacocks and Preachers: Analytic Technique in Marcus of Orvieto’s Liber de moralitatibus, Vatican lot. MS S93S”. in CLARK, Willene B.; McMUNN, Meradith T. – Beasts and birds of the Middle Ages. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989, pp. 179-196.
FURLANI, Giuseppe – Gli adoratori del pavone: I Yezidi: i testi sacri di una religione perseguitata. Milano: Joovence, 2016.
JACKSON, Christine E. – Peacock. London: Reaktion Books, 2016.
KANG, Kyu-suk – “The Peacock”. Journal of Symbols & Sandplay Therapy 4/1 (2013), pp. 35-43.
LEO, Dominic – Images, Texts, and Marginalia in a "Vows of the Peacock" Manuscript. New York: Brill, 2013.
LOTHER, Helmut – Der Pfau in der altchristlichen Kunst. Leipzig: Dieterich, 1929.
LUDVIK, Catherine – Sarasvati, Riverine Goddess of Knowledge: From the manuscript-carrying Vina-player to the Weapon-wielding Defender of the Dharma. Leiden, Boston: Brill's Indological Library, 2007.
REIMBOLD, Ersnt Thomas – Der Pfau: Mythologie und Symbolik. Muenchen: Callwey, 1983.
RODRIGUES, Alessandro Pereira – Apício, De Re Coquinaria I-III: Introdução, tradução e notas. Rio Grande do Sul: Universidade Federal, 2010. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível em https://lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/29146.
SYME, Alison – “Taboos and the Holy in Bodley 764”. in HASSIG, Debra (ed.) – The Mark of the Beast: Bestiary in Life, Art and Literature. New York, London: Routledge, 200, pp. 163-184.
TESTINI, Pasquale – “Il simbolismo degli animali nell’arte figurativa paleocristiana”. in L’uomo di fronte al mondo animale nell’Alto Medioevo. Atti (dal 7 al 13 aprile 1983). Vol. 2. Spoleto: Centro Italiani di Studi Sull'Alto Medioevo, 1987, pp. 1107-1179.
THANKAPPAN, P. Nair – “The Peacock Cult in Asia”. Asian Folklore Studies 33/2 (1974), pp. 93-170.
TRIFUNOVIC, Dorde – Fiziolog: slovo o hodecim i letecim stvorenjima. Pozarevac: Branicevo, 1973.
VARGAS, Ivette – “Snake-Kings, Boars’ Heads, Deer Parks, Monkey Talk: Animals as Transmitters and Transformers in Indian and Tibetan Buddhist Narratives”. in WALDAU, Paul; PATTON, Kimberly (Eds.) – A Communion of Subjects: Animals in Religion, Science, & Ethics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006, pp. 218-238.
WERNESS, Hope B – Continuum Encyclopedia of Animal Symbolism in World Art. New York, London: Continuum, 2006.
WITZEL, Michael – “Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan”. Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies [Em linha] 5/1 (1999), pp. 1-67. (Consultado a 7 julho 2019). Disponível in https://doi.org/10.11588/ejvs.1999.1.828
“Eclesiásticos na diplomacia, na administração e na legitimação das monarquias medievais: Portugal, Leão e Castela, França e Inglaterra”: uma apresentação
No full textDossier presentationApresentação do dossier temátic
Recensão: LADERO QUESADA, Miguel Ángel – Ciudades de la España Medieval. Introducción a su estúdio. Madrid: Dykinson, 2019 (264 pp.)
No full textRecensão: LADERO QUESADA, Miguel Ángel – Ciudades de la España Medieval. Introducción a su estúdio. Madrid: Dykinson, 2019 (264 pp.
Exposição MNAA: Alvaro Pirez d’Évora. Um pintor português em Itália nas vésperas do Renascimento
No full textEsteve patente no Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga (MNAA), entre 29 de novembro de 2019 e 15 de março de 2020, a notável exposição “Alvaro Pirez D’Évora. Um pintor português em Itália nas vésperas do Renascimento”, organizada por este museu em colaboração com o Polo Museale della Toscana (Itália). Comissariada por Lorenzo Sbaraglio e Joaquim Oliveira Caetano, contou com o patrocínio da Fundação La Caixa/BPI, parceiro do MNAA e o apoio de várias outras entidades. As obras expostas foram emprestadas por privados e por museus europeus de renome, como a Gallerie degli Uffizi (Florença), a Pinacoteca Nazionale di Siena, o Museo Nazionale di San Matteo (Pisa), o Museo di San Marco (Florença), a Galleria d’ Arte Moderna (Milão), a Gemaldegalerie de Berlim, o Musée du Petit Palais (Avignon), o Szépmuvészeti Múzeum de Budapeste, entre outros. De Portugal, os painéis selecionados provieram das coleções do Museu de Évora e do MNAA
El país del que vienen los monstruos: sobre el fīfẹlcynnes eard en Beowulf, v. 104
No full textThis article aims to analyse semantically and culturally the expression fīfẹlcynnes eard in the epic-elegiac Old English poem Beowulf. The analysis focuses on the first element (fīfẹl-), given the complexity involved in its explanation, by reference to its ties with biblical themes, and to two close vernacular literatures, Irish and Old Norse. The text proposes that, instead of proposing a directly monstrous character as it is usual in translations, the expression refers mostly to a space of wilderness and excess.
Bibliography
Sources
Beowulf. Ed. R. D. Fulk, Robert Bjork y John Niles. in Klaeber’s Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburgh. Fourth Edition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.
Gísla Saga. Ed. Björn Þórólfsson y Guðni Jónsson. in Vestfirðinga sögur, Íslenzk fornrit. vol. VI. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 1943.
Hávamál. Ed. Jónas Kristjánsson y Vésteinn Ólasson. in Eddukvæði. vol. I. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 2014.
The Exeter Book. Ed. Geogre Krapp y Elliot Van Kirk Dobbie – The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records: A Collective Edition. vol. III. Nueva York: Columbia University Press, 1936.
Waldere. Ed. R. D. Fulk, Robert Bjork y John Niles. in Klaeber’s Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburgh. Fourth Edition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.
Studies
BAKER, Peter – Honour, Exchange and Violence in Beowulf. Woodbridge: DS Brewer, 2013.
BAZELMANS, Jos – By Weapons Made Worthy: Lords, Retainers and Their Relationship in Beowulf. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1999.
BLÖNDAL MAGNÚSSON, Ásgeir – Íslensk orðsifjabók. Reykjavík: Stófnun Árna Magnússonar, 1989.
BERNÁRDEZ, Enrique – Los mitos germánicos. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 2000.
BOSWORT, Joseph; TOLLER, Thomas Northcote – An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898.
CLARKE, Michael – “The lore of the monstrous races in the developing text of the Irish Sex aetates mundi”. Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 63 (2012), pp. 15-50.
CLUNIES-ROSS, Margaret – Prolonged Echoes I-II. Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark, 1994-1998.
COHEN, Jeffrey Jerome – “Old English Literature and the Work of Giants”. Comitatus 24.1 (1993), pp. 1-32.
COHEN, Jeffrey Jerome – Monster Theory: Reading Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minessota Press, 1996.
DE VRIES, Jan – Alnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: Brill, 1962.
FICK, August; FALK, Hjalmar; TORP, Alf – Wortschatz der Germanischen Spracheinheit. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1909.
GUNNELL, Terry; LASSEN, Annette – The Nordic Apocalypse Approaches to Völuspá and Nordic Days of Judgement. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.
GUNNELL, Terry – “How Elvish were the Álfar?”. in WAWN, Andrew (Ed.) – Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey. Turnhout: Brepols, 2007, pp. 111-130.
HALL, Alaric – Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2007.
HARLAN-HAUGHEY, Sarah – The Ecology of the English Outlaw in Medieval Literature: From Fen to Greenwood. Londres: Routledge, 2016.
HILL, John M. – The Cultural World in Beowulf. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995.
HINES, John – The Anglo-Saxons from the Migration Period to the Eighth Century. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1997.
HOLYOAKE, Francis – Dictionarium Etymologicum Latinum. Londres: Felix Kingston, 1633.
JAKOBSSON, Ármann – The Troll Inside You: Paranormal Activity in the Medieval North. Nueva York: Punctum Books, 2017.
JOCHENS, Jenny – “The Illicit Love Visit: An Archaeology of Old Norse Sexuality”. Journal of the History of Sexuality 1.3 (1991), pp. 357-392.
KROLL, Norma – “Beowulf: The Hero as Keeper of Human Polity”. Modern Philology, 84.2 (1986), pp. 117-129.
KROONEN, Guus – Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
LERATE, Jesús; LERATE, Luis – Beowulf y otros poemas anglosajones. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1999.
MAGENNIS, Hugh – Images of Community in Old English Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
MAGOUN, Francis – “Fīfẹldore and the Name of the Eider”. Namn och Bygd, 26 (1940), pp. 94-114.
MCKINNELL, John – “Wisdom from the dead: The Ljóðatal section of Hávamál”. Medium Aevum 76.1 (2007), pp. 85-115.
MELLINKOFF, Ruth – “Cain's monstrous progeny in Beowulf: part II, post-diluvian survival”. Anglo-Saxon England 9 (1980), pp. 183-197.
MERKELBACH, Rebecca – “The Monster in Me: Social Corruption and the Perception of Monstrosity in the Sagas of Icelanders”. Quaestio Insularis 15 (2014), pp. 22-37.
MERKELBACH, Rebecca – “Eigi í mannligu eðli: Shape, Monstrosity and Berserkism in the Íslendingasögur”. in BARREIRO, Santiago y CORDO RUSSO, Luciana (Eds.) – Shapeshifters in Medieval North Atlantic Literature. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018, pp. 83-106.
NEIDORF, Leonard – “Cain, Cam, Jutes, Giants, and the Textual Criticism of Beowulf”. Studies in Philology 112.4 (2015), pp. 599-632.
NEVILLE, Jennifer – “Monsters and Criminals: Defining Humanity in Old English Poetry”. in OLSEN, K.; HOUWEN, L. (Eds.) – Monsters and the Monstrous in Medieval Northwest Europe. Paris y Sterling: Peeters, 2001, pp. 103-122.
ORCHARD, Andy – Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf-manuscript. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995.
OREL, Vladimir – A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
POILVEZ, Marion – “Those Who Kill: Wrong Undone in the Sagas of Icelanders”. in HAHN, Daniela; SCHMIDT, Andreas (Ed.) – Bad Boys and Wicked Women: Antagonists and Troublemakers in Old Norse Literature. Múnich: Herbert Utz Verlag, 2016, pp. 21-58.
PORTER, Edel – “Poesía escáldica”. in BARREIRO, Santiago; BIRRO, Renan (Eds.) – El mundo nórdico medieval: una introducción, vol. 1. Buenos Aires: Sociedad Argentina de Estudios Medievales, 2017, pp. 53-82.
STURTEVANT, Albert Morey – “Semantic Shifts in Certain Scandinavian Words”. Scandinavian Studies 27.1 (1955), pp. 14-22.
VENEGAS LEGÜÉNS, María Luisa – “El elemento fantástico en Beowulf: estructura y significado”. Philologia Hispalensis 3 (1988), pp. 181-188.
VERNER, Lisa – The Epistemology of the Monstrous in the Middle Ages. Nueva York: Routledge, 2005.
WILLIAMS, David – Deformed Discourse: The Function of the Monster in Mediaeval Thought and Literature. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996.El texto busca analizar semántica y culturalmente la expresión fīfẹlcynnes earden el poema épico-elegíaco anglosajón Beowulf. El análisis se enfoca centralmente en el primero de esos términos (fīfẹl-), particularmente complejo en su explicación, con referencia particular a sus lazos con la imaginería bíblica y dos literaturas vernáculas cercanas al texto anglosajón, la irlandesa y la nórdica antigua. El texto propone que, a diferencia de una asociación directa con un carácter llanamente monstruoso, habitual en las traducciones, la expresión se refiere a un espacio de salvajismo y desmesura.
Referencias Bibliográficas
Fuentes
Beowulf. Ed. R. D. Fulk, Robert Bjork y John Niles. in Klaeber’s Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburgh. Fourth Edition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.
Gísla Saga. Ed. Björn Þórólfsson y Guðni Jónsson. in Vestfirðinga sögur, Íslenzk fornrit. vol. VI. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 1943.
Hávamál. Ed. Jónas Kristjánsson y Vésteinn Ólasson. in Eddukvæði. vol. I. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag, 2014.
The Exeter Book. Ed. Geogre Krapp y Elliot Van Kirk Dobbie – The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records: A Collective Edition. vol. III. Nueva York: Columbia University Press, 1936.
Waldere. Ed. R. D. Fulk, Robert Bjork y John Niles. in Klaeber’s Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburgh. Fourth Edition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008.
Estudios
BAKER, Peter – Honour, Exchange and Violence in Beowulf. Woodbridge: DS Brewer, 2013.
BAZELMANS, Jos – By Weapons Made Worthy: Lords, Retainers and Their Relationship in Beowulf. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1999.
BLÖNDAL MAGNÚSSON, Ásgeir – Íslensk orðsifjabók. Reykjavík: Stófnun Árna Magnússonar, 1989.
BERNÁRDEZ, Enrique – Los mitos germánicos. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 2000.
BOSWORT, Joseph; TOLLER, Thomas Northcote – An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898.
CLARKE, Michael – “The lore of the monstrous races in the developing text of the Irish Sex aetates mundi”. Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 63 (2012), pp. 15-50.
CLUNIES-ROSS, Margaret – Prolonged Echoes I-II. Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark, 1994-1998.
COHEN, Jeffrey Jerome – “Old English Literature and the Work of Giants”. Comitatus 24.1 (1993), pp. 1-32.
COHEN, Jeffrey Jerome – Monster Theory: Reading Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minessota Press, 1996.
DE VRIES, Jan – Alnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Leiden: Brill, 1962.
FICK, August; FALK, Hjalmar; TORP, Alf – Wortschatz der Germanischen Spracheinheit. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1909.
GUNNELL, Terry; LASSEN, Annette – The Nordic Apocalypse Approaches to Völuspá and Nordic Days of Judgement. Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.
GUNNELL, Terry – “How Elvish were the Álfar?”. in WAWN, Andrew (Ed.) – Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey. Turnhout: Brepols, 2007, pp. 111-130.
HALL, Alaric – Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2007.
HARLAN-HAUGHEY, Sarah – The Ecology of the English Outlaw in Medieval Literature: From Fen to Greenwood. Londres: Routledge, 2016.
HILL, John M. – The Cultural World in Beowulf. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995.
HINES, John – The Anglo-Saxons from the Migration Period to the Eighth Century. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1997.
HOLYOAKE, Francis – Dictionarium Etymologicum Latinum. Londres: Felix Kingston, 1633.
JAKOBSSON, Ármann – The Troll Inside You: Paranormal Activity in the Medieval North. Nueva York: Punctum Books, 2017.
JOCHENS, Jenny – “The Illicit Love Visit: An Archaeology of Old Norse Sexuality”. Journal of the History of Sexuality 1.3 (1991), pp. 357-392.
KROLL, Norma – “Beowulf: The Hero as Keeper of Human Polity”. Modern Philology, 84.2 (1986), pp. 117-129.
KROONEN, Guus – Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
LERATE, Jesús; LERATE, Luis – Beowulf y otros poemas anglosajones. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1999.
MAGENNIS, Hugh – Images of Community in Old English Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
MAGOUN, Francis – “Fīfẹldore and the Name of the Eider”. Namn och Bygd, 26 (1940), pp. 94-114.
MCKINNELL, John – “Wisdom from the dead: The Ljóðatal section of Hávamál”. Medium Aevum 76.1 (2007), pp. 85-115.
MELLINKOFF, Ruth – “Cain's monstrous progeny in Beowulf: part II, post-diluvian survival”. Anglo-Saxon England 9 (1980), pp. 183-197.
MERKELBACH, Rebecca – “The Monster in Me: Social Corruption and the Perception of Monstrosity in the Sagas of Icelanders”. Quaestio Insularis 15 (2014), pp. 22-37.
MERKELBACH, Rebecca – “Eigi í mannligu eðli: Shape, Monstrosity and Berserkism in the Íslendingasögur”. in BARREIRO, Santiago y CORDO RUSSO, Luciana (Eds.) – Shapeshifters in Medieval North Atlantic Literature. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018, pp. 83-106.
NEIDORF, Leonard – “Cain, Cam, Jutes, Giants, and the Textual Criticism of Beowulf”. Studies in Philology 112.4 (2015), pp. 599-632.
NEVILLE, Jennifer – “Monsters and Criminals: Defining Humanity in Old English Poetry”. in OLSEN, K.; HOUWEN, L. (Eds.) – Monsters and the Monstrous in Medieval Northwest Europe. Paris y Sterling: Peeters, 2001, pp. 103-122.
ORCHARD, Andy – Pride and Prodigies: Studies in the Monsters of the Beowulf-manuscript. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995.
OREL, Vladimir – A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
POILVEZ, Marion – “Those Who Kill: Wrong Undone in the Sagas of Icelanders”. in HAHN, Daniela; SCHMIDT, Andreas (Ed.) – Bad Boys and Wicked Women: Antagonists and Troublemakers in Old Norse Literature. Múnich: Herbert Utz Verlag, 2016, pp. 21-58.
PORTER, Edel – “Poesía escáldica”. in BARREIRO, Santiago; BIRRO, Renan (Eds.) – El mundo nórdico medieval: una introducción, vol. 1. Buenos Aires: Sociedad Argentina de Estudios Medievales, 2017, pp. 53-82.
STURTEVANT, Albert Morey – “Semantic Shifts in Certain Scandinavian Words”. Scandinavian Studies 27.1 (1955), pp. 14-22.
VENEGAS LEGÜÉNS, María Luisa – “El elemento fantástico en Beowulf: estructura y significado”. Philologia Hispalensis 3 (1988), pp. 181-188.
VERNER, Lisa – The Epistemology of the Monstrous in the Middle Ages. Nueva York: Routledge, 2005.
WILLIAMS, David – Deformed Discourse: The Function of the Monster in Mediaeval Thought and Literature. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996
Medieval Naturalia: Identification, Iconography, and Iconology of Natural Objects in the Late Middle Ages
No full textThe nascent global age at the close of the Middle Ages introduced exotic objects from distant lands into Western Europe. Exotica from the natural world – naturalia – were frequently fashioned into ecclesiastical and seigniorial artifacts and housed in treasuries. The materials were sometimes re-identified in their new contexts, such as narwhal tusks understood as unicorn horns, which bestowed upon them additional meanings associated with those allegorical mythical creatures. This work investigates the movement, alteration, and use of such re-identified naturalia in late medieval society leading up to the Age of Discovery. It focuses on naturalia that retained their distinct morphological features after working, following the hypothesis that the identity of the animal, as indexed by a recognizable form or set of physical characteristics, was important. It additionally considers symbolic connotations and occult properties deriving from allegorization of matter to study the role played by the ornamentation of naturalia. This paper explores the discourse between extant tangible objects and contemporary texts such as bestiaries, lapidaries, and alchemical compendia to examine how the iconography of the artifact’s form and the iconology of the ornamentation contributed to the overall signification of the naturalia.
Bibliography
Sources
MAGNUS, Albertus – On Animals: A Medieval Summa Zoologica. Translated and annotated by Kenneth F. Kitchell Jr. and Irven Michael Resnick. Volume 1. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.
THEOPHILUS – On Divers Arts. Translated by John Hawthorne and Cyril Stanley Smith. New York: Dover Publications, 1979.
Studies
AINSWORTH, Thomas – “Form vs. Matter”. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [Online]. Spring 2016. ZELTA, Edward N. (Ed.) [Accessed 7 February 2018]. Available at https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/form-matter/.
BENTON, Janetta Rebold – The Medieval Menagerie: Animals in the Art of the Middle Ages. New York: Abbeville Press, 1992.
BOEHM, Barbara Drake; HOLCOMB, Melanie – “Animals in Medieval Art”. in Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. [Online]. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000-, last edited January 2012. [Accessed 14 March 2018]. Available at http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/best/hd_best.htm.
BONNE, Jean-Claude – “De l’ornement dans l’art médiéval: VIIe–XIIe siècle; le modèle insulaire”. in BASCHET, Jérôme; SCHMITT, Jean-Claude (Eds.) – L’image: fonctions et usages des images dans l’Occident médiéval; actes du 6e International Workshop on Medieval Societies, Centro Ettore Majorana (Erice, Sicile, 17–23 octobre 1992). Paris: Léopard d’Or, 1996, pp. 207-249.
BONNE, Jean-Claude – “Entre l’image et la matière: la choséité du sacré en Occident”. in SANSTERRE, Jean-Marie; SCHMITT, Jean-Claude (Eds.) – Les images dans les sociétés médiévales: pour une histoire comparée. Bulletin de l’Institut Historique belge de Rome 69 (1999), pp. 77-111.
BRITISH MUSEUM – “Animal Remains.” [Online]. [Accessed 14 February 2018]. Available at
http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=44328&partId=1&people=46119&peoA=46119-1-8&page=1.
BUCKLOW, Spike – The Alchemy of Paint: Art, Science, and Secrets from the Middle Ages. London: Marion Boyars, 2009.
BUQUET, Thierry – “Animali Extranea et Stupenda ad Videndum: Describing and Naming Exotics Beasts in Cairo Sultan’s Menagerie”. In GARCÍA, Francisco de Asís García; VADILLO, Mónica Ann Walker; PICAZA, María Victoria Chico (Eds.) – Animals and Otherness in the Middle Ages: Perspectives across disciplines. BAR International Series 2500. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2013, pp. 25-34.
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY – “Griffin’s Claw of St. Cuthbert”. [Online]. [Accessed 14 February 2018]. Available at
http://www.learn.columbia.edu/treasuresofheaven/relics/Griffins-Claw-of-St-Cuthbert.php.
DASTON, Lorraine J.; PARK, Katharine – Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750. New York: Zone Books, 2001.
DUFFIN, Christopher J. – “Fish, Fossil, and Fake: Medicinal Unicorn Horn”. in DUFFIN, Christopher J.; GARDNER-THORPE, C.; MOODY, R.T.J. (Eds.) – Geology and Medicine: Historical Connections. Geological Society of London Special Publications 452. London: The Geological Society of London, 2017, pp. 211-259.
EAMON, W. – Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Medieval and Early Modern Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA – “Aurochs”. [Online]. [Accessed 4 April 2018]. Available at https://www.britannica.com/animal/aurochs.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA – “Bison”. [Online]. [Accessed 4 April 2018]. Available at https://www.britannica.com/animal/bison.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA – “Ox”. [Online]. [Accessed 4 April 2018]. Available at https://www.britannica.com/animal/ox-mammal-Bos-taurus.
FRICKE, Beate – “Matter and Meaning of Mother-of-Pearl: The Origins of Allegory in the Spheres of Things”. GESTA 51/1 (2012), pp. 35-53.
FRIEDMAN, John Block; FIGG, Kristen Mossler (Eds.) – Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middles Ages: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 2000.
GONTERO-LAUZE, Valérie – Les Pierres du Moyen Age: Anthologie des lapidaires médiévaux. Paris: Société d’édition Les Belles Lettres, 2016.
GOTFREDSEN, Lise – The Unicorn. Translated by Anne Born. New York: Abbeville Press, 1999.
GREEN, Nile – “Ostrich Eggs and Peacock Feathers: Sacred Objects as Cultural Exchange between Christianity and Islam”. Al-Masāq 18/1 (2006), pp. 27-78. DOI: 10.1080/09503110500222328.
GUÉRIN, Sarah M – “Forgotten Routes? Italy, Ifrīqiya and the Trans- Saharan Ivory Trade”. Al-Masaq 25/1 (2013), pp. 70-91. DOI: 10.1080/09503110.2013.767012.
HAHN, Cynthia – Strange Beauty: Issues in the Making and Meaning of Reliquaries, 400-circa 1204. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012.
HASSIG, Debra – Medieval Bestiaries: Text, Image, Ideology. RES Monographs on Anthropology and Aesthetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
KENSETH, Joy (Ed.) – The Age of the Marvelous. Hanover: Hood Museum of Art/Darmouth College, 1991.
KESSLER, Herbert L. – “The Eloquence of Silver: More on the Allegorization of Matter”. in HECK, Christian (Ed.) – L'alegorie dans l'art du Moyen Age: formes et fonctions; heritages, creations, mutations. Turnhout: Brepols, 2011, pp. 49-64.
KINOSHITA, Sharon – “Animals and the Medieval Culture of Empire”. in COHEN, Jeffrey Jerome (Ed.) – Animal, Vegetable, Mineral: Ethics and Objects. Washington DC: Oliphaunt Books, 2012, pp. 35-64.
KLINGENDER, Francis D. – Animals in Art and Thought to the End of the Middle Ages. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1971.
LAVERS, Chris – The Natural History of Unicorns. London: Granta Books, 2009.
LEVENSON, Jay A. (Ed.) – Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration. Washington, New Haven, and London: National Gallery of Art and Yale University Press, 1991.
LUGLI, Adalgisa – Naturalia et Mirabilia: Les cabinets de curiosités en Europe. Translated by Marie-Louise Lentengre. Paris: Adam Biro, 1998.
MARRACHE-GOURAUD, Myriam – “Les Secrets de la Licorne”. in MONCOND’HUY, Dominique (Ed.) – La Licorne et le Bézoard. Montreuil: Gourcuff Gradenigo, 2013, pp. 396-397.
MAXWELL-STUART, P.G. – The Occult in Medieval Europe, 500-1500: A Documentary History. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
MONCOND’HUY, Dominique (Ed.) – La Licorne et le Bézoard. Montreuil: Gourcuff Gradenigo, 2013.
MUSÉE DU LOUVRE – Le trésor de Saint-Denis. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1991.
PLUSKOWSKI, Aleksander – “Narwhals or Unicorns? Exotic Animals as Material Culture in Medieval Europe”. European Journal of Archaeology 7.3 (2004), pp. 291-313.
POMIAN, Krzysztof – “La Wunderkammer entre trésor et collection particuliere”. in MONCOND’HUY, Dominique (Ed.) – La Licorne et le Bézoard. Montreuil: Gourcuff Gradenigo, 2013, pp. 17-27.
RECHT, Roland – “Introduction”. in LUGLI, Adalgisa – Naturalia et Mirabilia: Les cabinets de curiosités en Europe. Translated by Marie-Louise Lentengre. Paris: Adam Biro, 1998, pp. 23-29.
ROBERTSON, Kellie – “Exemplary Rocks”. in COHEN, Jeffrey Jerome (Ed.) – Animal, Vegetable, Mineral: Ethics and Objects. Washington DC: Oliphaunt Books, 2012, pp. 91-122.
ROSS, Leslie – Artists of the Middle Ages. Westport and London: Greenwood Press, 2003.
RUDWICK, Martin J.S. – The Meaning of Fossils: Episodes in the History of Paleontology. Second Edition. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1985.
SCHRADER, J. L – “A Medieval Bestiary”. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 44/1 (Summer 1986), pp. 1-56.
SHEPARD, Odell – The Lore of the Unicorn. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1967.
STRATFORD, Jenny – Richard II and the English Royal Treasure. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2012.
WEINRYB, Ittai – “Beyond Representation: Things – Human and Nonhuman”. in MILLER, Peter N. (Ed.) – Cultural Histories of the Material World. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2013, pp. 172-186.
WEINRYB, Ittai – “Living Matter: Materiality, Maker, and Ornament in the Middle Ages”. Gesta 52 (Fall 2013), pp. 113-132.
ZINK, Michael – “Nature in the Medieval World”. in MYERS, Nicole R. (Ed.) – Art and Nature in the Middle Ages. New Haven and London: Dallas Museum of Art and Yale University Press, 2016, pp. 15-26.A era global nascente no final da Idade Média introduziu objetos exóticos de terras distantes na Europa Ocidental. Os objectos exóticos do mundo natural – naturalia – foram frequentemente modelados em artefactos eclesiásticos e senhoriais e guardados em tesouros. Não raras vezes, esses materiais eram renomeados no novo contexto – como presas de narval, entendidas como chifres de unicórnio – recebendo significados adicionais associados a criaturas míticas alegóricas. Este artigo investiga o movimento, alteração e uso de naturalia renomeada, no contexto da sociedade do final da Idade Média. Foca-se em objectos que mantiveram as respectivas características morfológicas distintivas depois do seu funcionamento, a partir da hipótese de que a identidade do animal, indexada a partir de uma forma reconhecível ou conjunto de características físicas, era importante. Além disso, serão ainda consideradas as conotações simbólicas e propriedades ocultas decorrentes da alegorização da matéria para estudar o papel desempenhado pela ornamentação de naturalia. Este texto explora o discurso entre objetos tangíveis existentes e textos contemporâneos, como bestiários, lapidários e compêndios alquímicos, para examinar como a iconografia da forma do artecfato e a iconologia da ornamentação contribuíram para a significação geral de naturalia.
Referências bibliográficas
Fontes
MAGNUS, Albertus – On Animals: A Medieval Summa Zoologica. Translated and annotated by Kenneth F. Kitchell Jr. and Irven Michael Resnick. Volume 1. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.
THEOPHILUS – On Divers Arts. Translated by John Hawthorne and Cyril Stanley Smith. New York: Dover Publications, 1979.
Estudos
AINSWORTH, Thomas – “Form vs. Matter”. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [Online]. Spring 2016. ZELTA, Edward N. (Ed.) [Accessed 7 February 2018]. Available at https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/form-matter/.
BENTON, Janetta Rebold – The Medieval Menagerie: Animals in the Art of the Middle Ages. New York: Abbeville Press, 1992.
BOEHM, Barbara Drake; HOLCOMB, Melanie – “Animals in Medieval Art”. in Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. [Online]. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000-, last edited January 2012. [Accessed 14 March 2018]. Available at http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/best/hd_best.htm.
BONNE, Jean-Claude – “De l’ornement dans l’art médiéval: VIIe–XIIe siècle; le modèle insulaire”. in BASCHET, Jérôme; SCHMITT, Jean-Claude (Eds.) – L’image: fonctions et usages des images dans l’Occident médiéval; actes du 6e International Workshop on Medieval Societies, Centro Ettore Majorana (Erice, Sicile, 17–23 octobre 1992). Paris: Léopard d’Or, 1996, pp. 207-249.
BONNE, Jean-Claude – “Entre l’image et la matière: la choséité du sacré en Occident”. in SANSTERRE, Jean-Marie; SCHMITT, Jean-Claude (Eds.) – Les images dans les sociétés médiévales: pour une histoire comparée. Bulletin de l’Institut Historique belge de Rome 69 (1999), pp. 77-111.
BRITISH MUSEUM – “Animal Remains.” [Online]. [Accessed 14 February 2018]. Available at
http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=44328&partId=1&people=46119&peoA=46119-1-8&page=1.
BUCKLOW, Spike – The Alchemy of Paint: Art, Science, and Secrets from the Middle Ages. London: Marion Boyars, 2009.
BUQUET, Thierry – “Animali Extranea et Stupenda ad Videndum: Describing and Naming Exotics Beasts in Cairo Sultan’s Menagerie”. In GARCÍA, Francisco de Asís García; VADILLO, Mónica Ann Walker; PICAZA, María Victoria Chico (Eds.) – Animals and Otherness in the Middle Ages: Perspectives across disciplines. BAR International Series 2500. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2013, pp. 25-34.
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY – “Griffin’s Claw of St. Cuthbert”. [Online]. [Accessed 14 February 2018]. Available at
http://www.learn.columbia.edu/treasuresofheaven/relics/Griffins-Claw-of-St-Cuthbert.php.
DASTON, Lorraine J.; PARK, Katharine – Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750. New York: Zone Books, 2001.
DUFFIN, Christopher J. – “Fish, Fossil, and Fake: Medicinal Unicorn Horn”. in DUFFIN, Christopher J.; GARDNER-THORPE, C.; MOODY, R.T.J. (Eds.) – Geology and Medicine: Historical Connections. Geological Society of London Special Publications 452. London: The Geological Society of London, 2017, pp. 211-259.
EAMON, W. – Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Medieval and Early Modern Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA – “Aurochs”. [Online]. [Accessed 4 April 2018]. Available at https://www.britannica.com/animal/aurochs.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA – “Bison”. [Online]. [Accessed 4 April 2018]. Available at https://www.britannica.com/animal/bison.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA – “Ox”. [Online]. [Accessed 4 April 2018]. Available at https://www.britannica.com/animal/ox-mammal-Bos-taurus.
FRICKE, Beate – “Matter and Meaning of Mother-of-Pearl: The Origins of Allegory in the Spheres of Things”. GESTA 51/1 (2012), pp. 35-53.
FRIEDMAN, John Block; FIGG, Kristen Mossler (Eds.) – Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middles Ages: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 2000.
GONTERO-LAUZE, Valérie – Les Pierres du Moyen Age: Anthologie des lapidaires médiévaux. Paris: Société d’édition Les Belles Lettres, 2016.
GOTFREDSEN, Lise – The Unicorn. Translated by Anne Born. New York: Abbeville Press, 1999.
GREEN, Nile – “Ostrich Eggs and Peacock Feathers: Sacred Objects as Cultural Exchange between Christianity and Islam”. Al-Masāq 18/1 (2006), pp. 27-78. DOI: 10.1080/09503110500222328.
GUÉRIN, Sarah M – “Forgotten Routes? Italy, Ifrīqiya and the Trans- Saharan Ivory Trade”. Al-Masaq 25/1 (2013), pp. 70-91. DOI: 10.1080/09503110.2013.767012.
HAHN, Cynthia – Strange Beauty: Issues in the Making and Meaning of Reliquaries, 400-circa 1204. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012.
HASSIG, Debra – Medieval Bestiaries: Text, Image, Ideology. RES Monographs on Anthropology and Aesthetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
KENSETH, Joy (Ed.) – The Age of the Marvelous. Hanover: Hood Museum of Art/Darmouth College, 1991.
KESSLER, Herbert L. – “The Eloquence of Silver: More on the Allegorization of Matter”. in HECK, Christian (Ed.) – L'alegorie dans l'art du Moyen Age: formes et fonctions; heritages, creations, mutations. Turnhout: Brepols, 2011, pp. 49-64.
KINOSHITA, Sharon – “Animals and the Medieval Culture of Empire”. in COHEN, Jeffrey Jerome (Ed.) – Animal, Vegetable, Mineral: Ethics and Objects. Washington DC: Oliphaunt Books, 2012, pp. 35-64.
KLINGENDER, Francis D. – Animals in Art and Thought to the End of the Middle Ages. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1971.
LAVERS, Chris – The Natural History of Unicorns. London: Granta Books, 2009.
LEVENSON, Jay A. (Ed.) – Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration. Washington, New Haven, and London: National Gallery of Art and Yale University Press, 1991.
LUGLI, Adalgisa – Naturalia et Mirabilia: Les cabinets de curiosités en Europe. Translated by Marie-Louise Lentengre. Paris: Adam Biro, 1998.
MARRACHE-GOURAUD, Myriam – “Les Secrets de la Licorne”. in MONCOND’HUY, Dominique (Ed.) – La Licorne et le Bézoard. Montreuil: Gourcuff Gradenigo, 2013, pp. 396-397.
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O Essencial é Saber Ler: Pessoa e Racismo
Get PDFIn an article published in the Jornal de Angola in February 2019, the poet Fernando Pessoa was accused by the PADEMA’s president of being a racist slavocrat. Luzia Moniz’s accusation, which at the time was a reaction to the fact that Pessoa’s name had been chosen by the CPLP to sponsor an academic exchange program among Lusophone countries, is based upon three loose passages, in which the presumed blemish is indisputably verified. This article offers a careful analysis of the three passages in question, and reflects upon the importance of the act of interpretation. Also, in not forgetting the context in which the texts where the passages appear, the author’s specific intentions when writing them and the relation between these texts and other Pessoa texts that help us to understand them, the article tries to discuss and question the legitimacy of this accusation.Em Fevereiro de 2019, num artigo publicado no Jornal de Angola, a presidente da Plataforma para o Desenvolvimento da Mulher Africana (PADEMA) acusou o poeta Fernando Pessoa de ter sido um “escravocrata racista”. A acusação de Luzia Moniz, na altura motivada pela escolha de Pessoa, por parte da CPLP, para patrono de um programa de intercâmbio universitário no espaço lusófono, baseia-se em três passagens avulsas de Pessoa, nas quais a suposta mácula se verifica indiscutivelmente. Este artigo oferece uma análise cuidada das três passagens em causa, reflecte acerca da importância do acto interpretativo e, não esquecendo o contexto de produção dos textos em que as passagens ocorrem, as intenções específicas do autor ao escrevê-los e a relação desses textos com outros textos pessoanos que ajudam a compreendê-los, procura questionar a legitimidade dessa acusação