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Démarches éco-responsables en établissement de santé
No full textThe consequences of intensifying climate change are causing concern throughout society, with a particular desire to 'green' industry by changing the way we produce and by promoting start-ups with innovative environmental solutions. People from all walks of life are also becoming more aware of the importance of the environment, and are trying to change their lifestyles to reduce the impact of mankind on global warming. Indeed, an increase or stagnation in greenhouse gas emissions would lead to global warming of 2°C by 2050. In response, the public authorities are implementing binding legal measures to encourage institutions to take action.The healthcare sector alone accounts for 8% of greenhouse gas emissions in France. To reduce their impact on the environment, healthcare establishments are taking action on several levels.In order to focus their efforts strategically, they need to draw on their carbon footprints, which in theory are mandatory. The ANAP, a public intervention and consultancy agency attached to the French Ministry of Health, offers assistance in drawing up their carbon footprints. At the same time, it lists the initiatives implemented in numerous healthcare establishments, encouraging the sharing of experience within the medical community.The aim of this project brief is to take stock of the actions undertaken by healthcare establishments to promote sustainable development, and in particular to reduce their carbon footprint. The aim is to produce a best-practice guide for all those involved in healthcare establishments.Les conséquences liées à l'intensification du changement climatique suscite une préoccupation de l’ensemble de la société avec notamment un désir de “verdir” l’industrie en changeant la façon de produire et en mettant en avant des startups ayant des solutions environnementales innovantes. Les citoyens de tous milieux se sensibilisent également à l’importance de l’environnement en tentant de modifier leur mode de vie pour tenter de réduire l’impact de l’Homme sur le réchauffement climatique . En effet, une augmentation ou stagnation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre entraînerait un réchauffement planétaire de 2°C d'ici 2050. En réponse, les autorités publiques mettent en œuvre des mesures juridiques contraignantes pour inciter les institutions à agir. Le secteur de la santé représente à lui seul 8% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre en France. Afin de réduire leur impact sur l'environnement, les établissements de santé mettent en place des actions à plusieurs niveaux. Pour orienter leurs efforts de manière stratégique, les établissements de santé doivent se baser sur la réalisation, en théorie obligatoire, de leurs bilans carbone. L'agence d'intervention et de conseil publique, rattachée au ministère de la santé (ANAP), propose notamment une assistance pour les accompagner dans l'élaboration de leur bilan carbone. Parallèlement, elle recense les initiatives mises en œuvre dans de nombreux établissements de santé, favorisant ainsi le partage d'expériences au sein de la communauté médicale. Ce mémoire de projet a pour intention de réaliser le bilan des actions engagées par les établissements de santé en faveur du développement durable et en particulier pour la réduction de l'empreinte carbone. Cela dans le but de proposer un inventaire des bonnes pratiques s’adressant aux acteurs présents dans les établissements de santé
Handling inconsistency in (numerical) preferences using possibility theory
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we address the issues of gathering the preferences of a user when they may be uncertain, and of handling the possible ensuing inconsistency. We suggest using possibility theory as a means of modelling this uncertainty and making inferences despite the possible presence of inconsistencies due to user errors. While some parts of our approach are general, we specifically apply it to the case of numerical models and show through synthetic experiments the potential benefits of our approach
Development of electrospun scaffold as biomimetic dural substitutes
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Perspectives économiques sur la transition énergétique : une application à la modélisation climat-économie
No full textThis thesis asks which available socio-technical pathways can best mitigate ecological crisis and allow social well-being, With a specific application to the climate-impacts of the energy transition. The introduction to the thesis motivates the work as a response to the ongoing ecological crisis and defines the research question. It also explains the role ofeconomic theory in inspiring and guiding the thesis project. Chapter I ("Ecological crisis and energy transition") introduces the ecological crisis and offers a number of environmental, temporal, and economic dimensions of the crisis before focusing on the technological foundations of the energy system. Chapter 2 ("Heterodox economics and climate-economy modeling") explores the degree to which heterodox economics can contribute to the development and use of climate-economy integrated assessment models. Chapter 3 ("Modeling the energy transition") describes a novel climate-economy model built for the thesis and presents the results of a baseline scenario created With the model. Chapter 4 ("Energy Transition Pathways") uses the model to build a number of energy transition pathways which represent a range of ambitious policy scenarios. An analysis of these scenarios points to the critical role of policies which re-shape the structure and size of the economy in successful decarbonization pathways. The Conclusions to the thesis summarize the work, reflect on its limitations and implications, and suggest viable areas for further exploration. Following the conclusion, there are also three appendixes to the thesis which provide additional details about the quantitative aspects of the analysis.Cette thèse s'interroge sur les voies sociotechniques disponibles qui peuvent le mieux atténuer la crise écologique et permettre le bien-être social, avec une application spécifique aux impacts climatiques de la transition énergétique. L'introduction de la thèse motive le travail en tant que réponse à la crise écologique en cours et définit la question de recherche. Elle explique également le rôle de la théorie économique dans l'inspiration et l'orientation du projet de thèse. Le chapitre I (« Crise écologique et transition énergétique ») introduit la crise écologique et offre un certain nombre de dimensions environnementales, temporelles et économiques de la crise avant de se concentrer sur les fondements technologiques du système énergétique. Le chapitre 2 (« Economie hétérodoxe et modélisation de l'économie climatique ») explore la mesure dans laquelle l'économie hétérodoxe peut contribuer au développement et à l'utilisation de modèles d'évaluation intégrés de l'économie climatique. Le chapitre 3 (« Modélisation de la transition énergétique ») décrit un nouveau modèle d'économie climatique construit pour la thèse et présente les résultats d'un scénario de référence créé avec le modèle. Le chapitre 4 (« Voies de transition énergétique ») utilise le modèle pour construire un certain nombre de voies de transition énergétique qui représentent une gamme de scénarios politiques ambitieux. Une analyse de ces scénarios souligne le rôle essentiel des politiques qui remodèlent la structure et la taille de l'économie dans les voies de décarbonisation réussies. Les conclusions de la thèse résument le travail, réfléchissent à ses limites et implications et suggèrent des domaines viables pour une exploration plus approfondie. Après la conclusion, la thèse comporte également trois annexes qui fournissent des détails supplémentaires sur les aspects quantitatifs de l'analyse
Étude expérimentale et simulation de l’influence des caractéristiques des particules sur le comportement à l’écoulement de poudres modèles
No full textThe flowability of granular materials is a significant issue in an industrial context of tablet production, particularly in the manufacturing of nuclear fuel. Poor powder flowability can lead to process problems, such as pipeline clogging, reduced production rates, and the presence of heterogeneities in the final product. The objective of this work is to establish a link between the physical properties at the particle scale (particle size distribution, morphology, densities, etc.) and the macroscopic behavior of model powders. A dual approach has been proposed to meet this objective: – Experimental approach: study and model the link between the physical characteristics of particles and the flow properties of powders and model powder mixtures through statistical analysis. – Numerical approach: simulate the behavior of powders in a rheometer using DEM (Discrete Element Method) and compare the results with velocity fields obtained by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). This dual approach made it possible, on the one hand, to identify the relevant parameters for the description of the flow, and on the other hand, to model them experimentally and numerically. Empirical and semi-empirical models allowed the development of several predictions for the flow index. The numerical approach enabled the implementation of numerical tools, calibration methods, and comparison with experimental data for the calibration of the rheometer in dynamic testing.La coulabilité des poudres et milieux granulaires est une problématique importante dans un contexte industriel de production de comprimés, en particulier lors de la fabrication du combustible nucléaire. En effet, le mauvais écoulement d’une poudre peut induire des problèmes de procédé, tels que le colmatage de conduites, des cadences réduites et la présence d’hétérogénéités dans le produit final. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’établir un lien entre les grandeurs physiques à l’échelle des particules (granulométrie, morphologie, masses volumiques, etc.) et le comportement macroscopique de poudres modèles. Une double approche a été proposée pour répondre à cet objectif : – Approche expérimentale : étude et modélisation du lien entre les caractéristiques physiques des particules et les propriétés d’écoulement de poudres et de mélanges de poudres modèles par traitement statistique, – Approche numérique : simulation par DEM du comportement de poudres dans un rhéomètre, et comparaison avec les champs de vitesse obtenus par Particule Image Velocimetry (PIV). Cette double approche a permis d’une part d’identifier les paramètres pertinents pour la description de l’écoulement, et d’autre part de les modéliser expérimentalement et numériquement. Des modèles empiriques et semi-empiriques ont permis de mettre en place plusieurs prédictions de l’indice d’écoulement à partir des caractéristiques granulométriques et morphologiques des particules. L’approche numérique a conduit à l’élaboration, pour la calibration du rhéomètre en test dynamique, des outils numériques et des méthodes de calibration et de confrontation aux données expérimentales. Elle a ainsi pu mettre en évidence un bon accord entre les données simulées et les résultats des expérimentations
Exploring Weighted Property Approaches for RDF Graph Similarity Measure
No full textInternational audienceMeasuring similarity between RDF graphs is essential for various applications, including knowledge discovery, semantic web analysis, and recommender systems. However, traditional similarity measures often treat all properties equally, potentially overlooking the varying importance of different properties in different contexts. Consequently, exploring weighted property approaches for RDF graph similarity measure presents an intriguing avenue for investigation. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a weighted property approach for RDF graph similarity measure to address this limitation. Our approach incorporates the relative importance of properties into the similarity calculation, enabling a more nuanced and context-aware measures of similarity. We evaluate our approach through a comprehensive experimental study on an RDF graph dataset in the vehicle domain. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves promising accuracy and effectively reflects the perceived similarity between RDF graphs
Hydrodynamic interactions and membrane damage for a pair of microcapsules in shear flow: Effect of membrane mechanical properties
No full textInternational audienceWe model the hydrodynamic interaction of two equal size capsules in simple shear flow. The capsules may have different mechanical membrane properties. The results are analyzed in terms of a macro scale model of capsule membrane damage. We show how the interaction between two capsules with a membrane rigidity mismatch may lead to damage of the more deformable capsule even when the base flow strength is below the damage threshold of both capsules. We provide charts of the peak deformation energy density in the two membranes as a function of the flow strength and the ratio of the elastic rigidity of the two capsules. Given a damage criterion, those charts can be used to determine when flow-induced damage will occur in a suspension of capsules with a distribution of mechanical properties.</div
Sonifying tactile interactions and their underlying emotions: experimental studies and applications in virtual reality.
No full textInternational audienceWith the increase of social isolation and distant communication, it appears timely to allow distant socio-affective interactions. To do so, we developed a methodology combining the use of a novel sonification technique that considers skin as a singular sonic texture and prototypical social touch gestures. Three studies explored the feasibility of this technique, its core components, and its potential application in virtual reality. In the first study, the vibratory signals from prototypical skin-to-skin touches were recorded with a violin microphone, allowing their conversion into sounds. The resulting sonified signals were presented to participants who were able to accurately categorize both the different gestures (stroking, rubbing, tapping, hitting) and their underlying emotional intentions (love, empathy, joy, impatience, fear, anger). The second study investigated the respective roles of rhythm and textural properties on participants’ abilities to recognize social touch through sounds. The same tactile gestures as in the first study were reproduced with two different surface conditions: skin-to-skin and object-to-object. The results revealed that the dynamics of the surface involved is crucial and hence that skin-to-skin interactions bear information that sets them apart from object-to-object movements. The third study was conducted with the platform of virtual agents Greta, which allows simulating 3D touch gestures. We quantified the participants’ differences in perceiving the virtual agent when performing a game involving or not social touch by the agent to convey emotional intentions through our sonified signals. These results pave the way for social touch at a distance both with humans and with virtual agents
Pneumatic conveying of irregular solids: experimental study and CFD- DEM simulation at pilot scale
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Closed-Loop Optical Tracking of a Micro-Conveyor over a Smart Surface
No full textInternational audienceIn this work, a closed loop control system is developed to optically localize and track micro-robots with high precision. These micro-robots (i.e., micro-conveyors) are in motion simultaneously across a smart surface.The developed method’s primary objectives are to optimize their trajectories, avoid collisions between them, and control their position with micrometric resolution. This article presents and characterizes the tracking of a single micro-conveyor, and the method works similarly when multiple micro-robots move over the surface. Our tracking method starts with a scanning phase, where a 2D steering mirror, placed above the smart surface, reflects a laser beam toward the conveying surface seeking for the target. Localization occurs when this light beam reaches the micro-conveyor. By adding a retro-reflective element, that reflects the light in the same direction of the the incident light, onto the surface of the micro-conveyor, the light will be reflected towards a photodetector. Depending on the feedback from the photodetector, the steering mirror rotates to track the trajectory of the micro-conveyor. The tip-tilt angular values of the steering mirror allows the micro-conveyor position to be obtained via calibrated localization system. The aim of this work is to regulate the micro-conveyor, within a closed-loop control system, to reduce the positional error between the actual and desired position. The actual position value is measured in real-time application using our developed optical sensor. Results for tracking in the x-and y-axis have validated the proposed method, with an average tracking error less than 30 µm within a range 150 mm × 150 mm