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Modeling of the steady-state ac current fluctuation in two-stage electric car fast chargers based on solid-state transformers
No full textInternational audienceTwo-stage conversion structures are increasingly attracting attention, particularly for electric vehicles fast charging, and those based on a solid-state transformer (SST) and with a postregulator stand out. As a consequence of this postregulator, there is a steady-state fluctuation in the ac current of the SST, which turns into a greater rms current value that can impact on the converter performance. Hence, an analytical formula of this fluctuation should be considered during the design process. This work proposes a model for two different conversion structures (two-level and three-level), which is validated through simulations. The design process can be benefited from implementing the presented model, as it shows the interactions between the two power conversion stages and allows accomplishing a limited current fluctuation in the SST while avoiding more expensive and bulkier dc-link capacitors than necessary
An Improved Balanced Cascaded Buck-Boost Converter Topology for a Wide Input Voltage Range and Reduced Conducted Interference
No full textThis paper was presented at the EPE 2025 conference and was subsequently selected for publication in the special issue of Elsevier's PEDC journal. Therefore, only the abstract appears on the conference website.International audienceThis paper discusses an advanced version of the balanced cascaded buck-boost converter, which achieves a better voltage balancing of the converter with respect to ground. This leads to a broadly improved input and output common mode behavior of the non-isolated topology compared to the unbalanced version. Furthermore, the positive impact of additional Y-capacitors on the EMI is shown. Despite using lower voltage-class devices, the approach makes the topology suitable for higher power applications and potentially reduces additional filter requirements
Design Guidelines for a DAB Converter Incorporating a Multilevel Bridge with Quasi-2-Level Operation
No full textInternational audienceThe development of medium voltage DC networks requires efficient DC-DC converters. In this context, the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) with quasi-2-level (Q2L) operation is analyzed as a potential candidate. Power transfer equations, conduction losses and zero voltage switching conditions are derived using Fourier series approximations. Operating principles for multilevel converters are also provided. It is determined that 25° is the boundary of the transition time at which 2L design equations remain valid for Q2L operation. Furthermore, Q2L operation demonstrates superior efficiency during medium to high load operation, due to reduced switching losses, provided the transition time is chosen optimally
New design methodology for the calculation of the feed sections into which the acceleration track of a hyperloop vehicle is divided
No full textThe authors would like to acknowledge thesupport from the company ZELEROS byproviding the specification and characteristicsrelated to its product. It was essential for thedevelopment of this work.International audienceThis paper presents the design methodology usedto optimize the number of sections into which theacceleration track of a Hyperloop-type vehicle isdivided. In these types of vehicles, a pre-acceleration system is necessary to reach a speedclose to cruising speed before the main propulsionsystem can operate. For this purpose, a switchedreluctance linear motor (LSRM), divided intowhat are called unitary machines (UMs)connected in series, is proposed along with aconverter to control thrust force generated by themotor. The methodology is applied to a specificcase (mission) where a mass of 250 kg needs tobe accelerated over a distance of 60 m to reach aspeed of 120 km/h. As a result of the proposedmethodology, the number of sections into whichthe linear motor is divided, the number of UMsper section, and the optimal turn-on and turn-offangles of the LSRM phases are determined toachieve the target force profile
Sensorless IPMSM Drive Enhanced with Parameter Identification Using Open-Loop Current Prediction Error and Gradients
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents a position-sensorless Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) drive scheme that incorporates an open-loop stator current predictor to identify electrical parameters and improve observer performance. Unlike classical observers, the proposed open-loop, full-order model is inherently sensitive to discrepancies between the physical and model parameters. Capitalizing on this sensitivity through current prediction error gradients (PEGs), the parameter estimator scheme identifies the temperature sensitive parameters, i.e., the permanent magnet flux linkage Ψ m and stator resistance R s . An offline experimental method, utilizing the same prediction model, is proposed for mapping the inductancecurrent relationship, which is subsequently implemented in the processor using a look-up table (LUT). Rotor position and speed are estimated via an Active Flux Observer, with real-time updates to all model parameters. Furthermore, a novel approach for tuning the estimation gain matrix using customized Hessian functions is presented, enabling improved simultaneous identification of Ψ m and R s . Experimental validation is conducted on a 3 kW IPMSM drive, with control and estimation routines implemented on a Zynq System-on-Chip (SoC)-based industrial embedded control platform. Results demonstrate that the proposed schemes enhance observer stability, precision, and robustness to parameter variations compared to conventional observers without parameter adaptation
Study of a 6-Leg Floating Interleaved Boost Converter with Coupled Inductors for Fuel Cell Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles
No full textInternational audienceThe transition to sustainable transportation has positioned hydrogen fuel cells as a key solution for heavy-duty vehicles, offering high efficiency, sustained power output, and rapid refueling capabilities. DC-DC power converters play a crucial role in adapting the fuel cell's output voltage to meet vehicular requirements. This paper compares three converter topologies: the threephase interleaved boost converter (3-IBC), its coupledinductor version, and the six-leg floating interleaved boost converter with coupled inductors (FIBCCI-6L). MAT-LAB/Simulink simulations assess current ripple performance, highlighting trade-offs in efficiency and component size for heavy-duty fuel cell applications
A Method for Detecting the Start of Delamination at the Corners of Solder Joint in a 3D PCB Power Electronic Assembly of SiC MOSFETs
No full textInternational audienceThe article discusses a method for evaluating the delamination initiation at solder joint corners in a 3D power electronic assembly of SiC MOSFET transistors integrated into a PCB substrate to design a half bridge. This assembly leads to soldering two metallic materials and addresses the integration of small active chips with larger heat-sinks. This technological development is part of future robustness evaluation of the new assembly model for wide band Gap components. This assembly consists of metallic base-plate corresponding to the heat-sink soldered on the copper foil of a PCB substrate. Conventional methods fail to detect delamination initiation effectively due to the optimized commutation cell design. Finite element simulations are carried out to assess the sensitivity in comparison with another method. Then, prototypes with controlled delamination rate are developed to consolidate the results. The first conclusion demonstrates the interest of that electrical method which is more sensitive to detect the low delimitation rates comparing to thermal method generally used
De l’étude du confort sonore de l’habitacle du véhicule électrique à son amélioration par l’acoustique augmentée
No full textRecent advances in cabin soundproofing in automobiles, along with the generalization of electric motors, silent, have profoundly transformed the user’s auditory experience and challenged established notions of comfort, particularly sonic comfort. This thesis aims to explore the concept of sonic comfort in this context. To achieve this, a review of the scientific literature is conducted to clarify and define this notion of sonic comfort. This also enables to identify the tools suited to analyze and detect the emergence of sound sources that were previously masked or nonexistent, while considering the unique role of sound in the automotive environment. This thesis is structured into three distinct and complementary parts. The first part addresses the description of the sound environment through a series of interviews with sound automotive specialists, focusing on sound descriptors. This work results in the development of a lexicon based on a paradigm designed within the PDS (Perception et Design Sonores) team, known as the SpeaK paradigm [1, 2]. The second part of the thesis focuses on improving the sonic comfort of a specific situation characterized by a sound described as unpleasant or bothersome. The proposed solution involves adding sounds designed according to different masking typologies, referred to as Energetic, Habillage, and Attentional masking. Among these typologies, masks are created using a parametric synthesizer developed specifically for this purpose. A perceptual study in a controlled environment, employing a Best-Worst Scaling methodology, is then conducted. This study, carried out with 50 participants, quantifies the differences between these methodologies across two evaluated dimensions : defect detectability and scene pleasantness [3]. Following this study, a perspective for in situ experiments to validate the results, as well as insights into the limitations and possible improvements of the experimental method, are proposed.Les progrès récents de l’insonorisation des habitacles dans l’automobile ainsi que l’avènement de la motorisation électrique, silencieuse, ont durablement transformé l’expérience sonore de l’utilisateur et remettent en question les acquis du confort, et notamment du confort sonore. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’explorer le confort sonore dans cet environnement. Pour cela un travail de littérature scientifique permet de clarifier et définir cette notion de confort sonore, et de mettre en évidence les outils adaptés pour traiter et identifier l’émergence de sources sonores, auparavant masquées ou inexistantes tout en prenant en compte la place particulière du son dans un milieu comme l’automobile. Cette thèse se structure en trois parties distinctes et complémentaires. La première aborde le point de la description de l’environnement sonore à travers un travail d’interviews avec des spécialistes automobiles du son, sur les descripteurs du son. Ce travail aboutit à la construction d’un lexique en suivant un paradigme élaboré au sein de l’équipe PDS (Perception et Design Sonores), le paradigme SpeaK [1, 2]. La deuxième partie de la thèse s’attelle à améliorer le confort sonore d’une situation sonore précise, comportant un son décrit comme désagréable ou gênant. La solution explorée consiste à ajouter des sons conçus suivant différentes typologies de masquage, appelées masquage énergétique, masquage par habillage et masquage attentionnel. Parmi ces différentes typologies, des masques sont alors créés grâce à un synthétiseur paramétrique développé spécifiquement pour cette tâche. Une étude perceptive en atmosphère contrôlée, utilisant une méthodologie Best-Worst Scaling est alors menée. Cette étude, menée avec 50 participants, permet de quantifier les différences entre ces typologies sur deux dimensions évaluées : la détectabilité du défaut et l’agréabilité de l’environnement sonore [3]. À l’issue de cette étude, une perspective d’expérience in-situ pour confronter les résultats, ainsi que la mise en lumière de limites et d’améliorations possibles de la méthode expérimentale sont proposées
Model Predictive Control Using Multi Virtual Voltage Vectors for a Two-Level Inverter in Electric Propulsion ship
No full textInternational audienceIn response to environmental concerns, electric propulsion ships are emerging as a key technology in the maritime industry. The inverter, which controls the propulsion motor, is a critical component in electric propulsion ships. The 2level voltage source inverter is widely implemented in small and medium-sized ships, but its output performance remains constrained due to limited number of voltage vectors. The proposed approach enables 2-level voltage source inverters to achieve multilevel invertercomparable performance by adding virtual voltage vectors. While it incurs increased computational burden, the proposed method achieves performance enhancement without computational burden through the application of pre-voltage selection. Experiments have shown improvements in output current THD and current error. The results demonstrate potential advantages for electric propulsion systems
Atelier 3 - Affichage web du texte: Atelier "Créer une édition scientifique numérique"
No full textPrésentation pour l'atelier ObTIC du 16 mai 2025 "Affichage web du texte" de la série d'ateliers "Créer une édition scientifique numérique"Ce troisième et dernier atelier de la série est dédié à l’affichage web de son corpus encodé, c’est-à-dire pouvoir observer concrètement les enrichissements variés qui ont été apportés à son corpus via l’encodage. Après une brève introduction de l’intérêt et des méthodes d’une telle étape, l’atelier aura pour but de présenter et de travailler sur plusieurs outils permettant l’affichage we