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Online Inductance Identification of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Extended Kalman Filter With Dead-Time Compensation
No full textInternational audienceA dq-axis inductance identification method is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) , which is based on an extended Kalman filter with dead-time compensation. The proposed method is intended to estimate the disturbance voltage in the dq coordinate system, which is caused by dead-time and non-ideal switching characteristics of the power devices. The proposed method is achieved by means of parametric calculation, which is then fed into the Kalman filter to compensate the dead-time effect. Furthermore, the sensitivity analyses of the input parameters demonstrate that the accuracy of the extended Kalman filter discrimination is contingent on the precision of the input parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulation results
Comparative Evaluation of Two-Level Inverters and a Disruptive Multi-Level Solution: Impact of Switch Technology
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates the performance of electric vehicle drivetrains using various modeling techniques. A comprehensive approach combining Matlab Simulink and finite element analysis assesses electrical and mechanical outputs, efficiency, and losses in different components. The findings aim to compare drivetrain architectures (CHB like and SiC three-phase inverter architectures) and identify opportunities for performance optimization
Mise sur le marché des dispositifs médicaux en Europe et aux États-Unis : guide d’accompagnement pour les dispositifs médicaux logiciels de Classe II
No full textClass II medical software devices are pivotal in medical innovation but present compliance challenges due to their moderate risk requiring stringent controls. A study was conducted to compare regulatory requirements in Europe (Regulation (EU) 2017/745) and the United States (Code of Federal Regulation or CFR, Title 21), focusing on procedural disparities, timelines, and costs for market entry.Documentary research and interviews with Quality and Regulatory Affairs (QARA) experts identified key challenges : technical documentation, clinical evaluation, and traceability. In response, an interactive guide was developed, outlining key steps and updated standards to facilitate access to European and US markets.Les dispositifs médicaux (DM) logiciels de classe II jouent un rôle clé dans l’innovation médicale, mais leur mise en conformité reste un défi en raison de leur niveau de risque modéré nécessitant des contrôles stricts. Une étude a été menée pour comparer les exigences réglementaires en Europe (Règlement (UE) 2017/745) et aux États-Unis (Titre 21 du Code de Règlementation Fédérale ou CFR), en analysant les disparités procédurales, les délais et les coûts liés à leur mise sur le marché.Des recherches documentaires et des interviews avec des experts en qualité et affaires réglementaires ont permis d’identifier les principaux défis : documentation technique, évaluation clinique et traçabilité. En réponse, un guide interactif a été conçu, détaillant les étapes clés et les normes actualisées pour simplifier l’accès aux marchés européen et américain
Optimal techno-economic and environmental design of a renewable energy based charging station including second life batteries
No full textInternational audiencePhotovoltaic panels combined with secondlife batteries (SLBs) represent an interesting solution foravoiding the reinforcement of electricity grids when settingup electric vehicle charging stations. This paper presentsan integrated design approach aiming at minimizing theNet Present Cost (NPC) and the Global Warming Poten-tial (GWP) of such charging stations, while performingan optimal dispatch. The case study compares the co-optimization of charging stations installed at a school busdepot with first life stationary batteries (FLBs) or withSLBs. The results showed that the addition of PV panelsand stationary batteries increases the income of suchcharging stations and reduces the load shedding, comparedwith grid only systems. For the case with FLBs, there isa low or null presence of batteries in the optimal designsolutions, due to the high installation cost and productionemissions. However, the low cost and emissions of SLBsleads to optimal configurations with a high presence ofbatteries, increasing even more the charging station’sincomes and the satisfaction of the EVs’ charging needs
New Multilevel Converter System for Electric Arc Furnace Power Supply
No full textInternational audienceHistorically, utility requirements have been satisfied with the use of compensators (SVCs or STATCOMs) connected in parallel to electric arc furnaces (EAFs), to correct the power factor and reduce harmonics, flicker, and unbalance. To further increase power quality and furnace productivity, a series-connected converter system for EAFs has been developed
Integrating PV Systems with Non-Standard Grid Voltages: The Need for Low-Induction Transformers
No full textInternational audienceInstalling grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems is challenging in regions with nonstandard grid voltages, as PV inverters are designed for standard levels. To overcome this limitation, transformers can be used, but their inrush current often trips inverter protection. This paper explores this issue, emphasizing the need for specially designed low-induction transformers
Experimental Evaluation in the Design of MRAS-Based Speed Estimator for Variable Pole Induction Machines: Reference Frame Selection
No full textInternational audienceVariable-pole induction machines are becoming increasingly popular in electromobility due to their design flexibility, high torque density, and competitive energy efficiency. The elimination of speed sensors not only reduces costs but also enhances fault tolerance. Accurate rotor flux and speed estimation are crucial for achieving high-performance sensorless control. This paper explores the selection of reference frames for speed estimation by expanding the speed-torque profile through magnetic pole transitions. It compares the performance of a speed estimator in the stationary (αβ) reference frame with that in the rotating (dq) frame across various operating points. The experimental results show that the stationary frame offers improved performance, primarily due to reduced computational time, especially in the low-speed range
Vehicle-Driven Operation of an Adaptive IPT System with Tolerance to Large Magnetic Coupling Coefficient Variations
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes an adaptive operation of a bidirectional inductive power transfer (IPT) system designed for the wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs). It is composed of two controllers and an expert control layer that monitors the operation, giving the system this adaptability feature. Experimental results demonstrate its correct operation
Beyond the quest for performance, let's target a sustainable power electronics technology
No full textInternational audienceMassive electrification of modern societies is becoming a reality. Meanwhile, electrical and electronic equipment waste (WEEE) will grow faster than expected, from 75 to 82Mt annually in 2030. In between, there is a tiny path to be followed to ensure decarbonisation will not induce a terrible environmental burden while failing to drive us toward a sustainable world. We will review the limits of performance quest in power electronics and search for more desirable R&D perspectives related to eco-design and circularity
The role of HVDC in reducing carbon emissions
No full textInternational audienceHigh-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) is the most high-power application of power electronics. HVDC has been commercially available as a niche technology in power grids for 70 years, first using Line- Commutated Converters and, in the last 25 years, using Voltage-Sourced Converters. However, in the last five years the growth of HVDC has been spectacular, much of it associated with the large- scale integration of renewable energy sources. HVDC has been used for decades to connect remote hydro generating stations to load centres. More recently, HVDC allows offshore wind farms to be built far from shore, where the wind is stronger and steadier, beyond the maximum distance over which the power can be efficiently transmitted using AC cables. HVDC is now starting to be used for connecting large-scale solar parks to the grid. HVDC also allows long-distance interconnectors to be built between neighbouring power grids so that local fluctuations of renewable energy output can be smoothed out by aggregating power generation over a wider geographical area.With this growth comes new challenges. Two in particular will be discussed in the talk. The first concerns the transition from point-to-point HVDC links (the established practice)) to multi-terminal HVDC networks. The second concerns how the HVDC converters are controlled, especially in view of the fact that the growth of renewable energy sources means that power grids now contain far less rotating inertia in the form of synchronous machines than was the case 20 years ago. The first challenge involves new protection methods and new types of HVDC equipment, while the second involves new control algorithms for the HVDC converters. Both challenges make HVDC a fascinating and important topic for the industry