Portail HAL du Collège de France
Not a member yet
22122 research outputs found
Sort by
The Chinese Knowledge and Poetry Medieval Library
No full textInternational audienceLa Chinese Knowledge and Poetry Medieval Library est une bibliothèque numérique entièrement ouverte issue du projet CHI-KNOW-PO. Cette bibliothèque combine une approche physique (images) et intellectuelle (textes enrichis). Elle réunit un large éventail de textes composés pour l'essentiel pendant le premier millénaire de notre ère dans différents genres. L'accès par les catégories (classiques et érudition, histoire et savoirs sur la société, belles-lettres et esthétique, pensée et connaissances techniques, collections) offre un aperçu général des livres disponibles dans la bibliothèque médiévale. Les index recensent les titres cités et personnes mentionnées dans l'ensemble du corpus et offrent un autre mode de circulation. Le texte intégral, l'image du livre ou les deux sont affichés en fonction des paramètres. Les liseuses des bibliothèques partenaires ainsi que les fichiers originaux (XML et JPEG) sont accessibles d'un clic pour la consultation, le téléchargement ou la réutilisation.L'étude des ouvrages de la Chine impériale connaît un renouveau avec la numérisation de documents et textes anciens. Il devient possible de comparer différentes éditions, reconstruire la transmission d'un livre avec les marques qu'il contient, entreprendre la fouille de larges corpus. Ces possibilités se heurtent cependant à des obstacles, notamment l'éclatement des projets et l'absence de catalogage, la fermeture des données, l'emploi encore marginal de standards. Un travail de recherche comme CHI-KNOW-PO débute donc par l'identification des sources disponibles ou nécessaires et la production de données réutilisables. La communication présentera une nouvelle bibliothèque partagée construite avec Estrades et abordera les questions suivantes : comment rendre disponible à la lecture un corpus d'images et de textes en XML à moindres frais ? quelles stratégies pour qu'un portail s'intègre dans un écosystème ? comment poursuivre le travail d'agrégation
О происхождении и датировке раннесредневековых Р-образных портупейных скоб клинкового оружия.
No full textInternational audienceВ Северном Причерноморье для постгуннского времени (середина V – середина VI в.) известны две курганные находки остатков клинкового оружия с Р-образными портупейными скобами: «поминальник» Ливенцовский VII (курган 35) на Нижнем Дону и «вождеское» захоронение Малаи (курган 1, погребение 12) в степном Прикубанье. Такие портупейные скобы, часто встречающиеся парами на ножнах, бесспорно свидетельствуют о наклонной подвеске клинка. Этот тип портупейных скоб связан по происхождению с Азией. Предполагается, что эта система подвески меча появилась в Центральной Азии в эпоху эфталитского доминирования (457– 565 гг.). Из Центральной Азии, откуда этот способ ношения оружия и распространялся как на Запад, в Восточную и Центральную Европу, так и на Восток, в Китай и Корею. Среди ножен с Р-образными скобами наиболее ранними считаются кинжалы из Борового в Казахстане и Керим-ло в Южной Корее. Они имеют близкие по конструкции ножны с полихромным декором. По контексту южнокорейской находки они датированы началом – первой половиной VI в. Кинжалы, близкие по форме ножен оружию из Борового и Керим-ло, известны в раннем средневековье на Среднем Востоке (Иран, Синцьзян). Судя по характеру декора, ножны из Керим-ло и Борового происходят из разных ателье, с различными ювелирными традициями, хотя в обоих случаях мастера пытались создать похожий тип кинжала. К сожалению, на Среднем Востоке количество находок изделий инкрустационного стиля, а также ножен клинкового оружия ранее середины VI в. крайне ограничено, что пока не позволяет проверить обоснованность такой гипотезы
Hidden complexity of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitization revealed by MD simulations and Markov state modeling
No full textInternational audienceThe α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel that plays an important role in neuronal signaling throughout the nervous system. Its implication in neurological disorders and inflammation has spurred the development of numerous compounds that enhance channel activation. However, the therapeutic potential of these compounds has been limited by the characteristically fast desensitization of the α7 receptor. Using recent high-resolution structures from cryo-EM, and all-atom molecular dynamic simulations augmented by Markov state modeling, here we explore the mechanism of α7 receptor desensitization and its implication on allosteric modulation. The results provide a precise characterization of the desensitization gate and illuminate the mechanism of ion-pore opening/closing with an agonist bound. In addition, the simulations reveal the existence of a short-lived, open-channel intermediate between the activated and desensitized states that rationalizes the paradoxical pharmacology of the L247T mutant and may be relevant to type-II allosteric modulation. This analysis provides an interpretation of the signal transduction mechanism and its regulation in α7 receptors
A Matter of Detail: Anthropology, Philosophy, and Aesthetics
No full textInternational audienceA Matter of Detail inspires new ways of thinking about detail by bringing anthropology, philosophy, art history, and aesthetics into direct conversation. Co-editors Brandel, Das, Laugier, and Pitrou challenge a long-standing assumption that the history of detail begins with European modernity and follows a teleological course from an object of scorn to a sign of the good. In its place, they offer a history of attention to detail that draws on classical and vernacular histories and traditions found in grammar, ritual, and poetics around the world. Emphasizing detail as a method and moving between its usage as a noun (detail) and a verb (detailing) enables them to tell stories about the reassembly of detail across accidents, contingencies, and unintended consequences.From this vantage, the book argues that details are not always small and insignificant. Rather, there is a dynamic relationship between the minute and the grand, detail and surface, which makes the proliferation of details threatening to the idea of an authoritative and integrated imagination of the whole. This expanded context generates ways of conceiving detail as a conceptual and moral mode of self-formation and being toward others, both human and non-human
Récit d'origine: le yack
No full textArticle grand-public sur l'origine et le rôle du yack dans les sociétés du plateau tibétain et de l'Himalaya à paraître dans Mythologies magazine en juin 2025 dans le numéro (n°61) intitulé Civilisation du Tibet : mythes, contes et légendes
From 2015 to 2023, eight years of empirical research on research integrity: a scoping review
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Research on research integrity (RI) has grown exponentially over the past several decades. Although the earliest publications emerged in the 1980 s, more than half of the existing literature has been produced within the last five years. Given that the most recent comprehensive literature review is now eight years old, the present study aims to extend and update previous findings. Method: We conducted a systematic search of the Web of Science and Constellate databases for articles published between 2015 and 2023. To structure our overview and guide our inquiry, we addressed the following seven broad questions about the field: What topics does the empirical literature on RI explore? What are the primary objectives of the empirical literature on RI? What methodologies are prevalent in the empirical literature on RI? What populations or organizations are studied in the empirical literature on RI? Where are the empirical studies on RI conducted? Where is the empirical literature on RI published? To what degree is the general literature on RI grounded in empirical research? Additionally, we used the previous scoping review as a benchmark to identify emerging trends and shifts. Results: Our search yielded a total of 3,282 studies, of which 660 articles met our inclusion criteria. All research questions were comprehensively addressed. Notably, we observed a significant shift in methodologies: the reliance on interviews and surveys decreased from 51 to 30%, whereas the application of meta-scientific methods increased from 17 to 31%. In terms of theoretical orientation, the previously dominant “Bad Apple” hypothesis declined from 54 to 30%, while the “Wicked System” hypothesis increased from 46 to 52%. Furthermore, there has been a pronounced trend toward testing solutions, rising from 31 to 56% at the expense of merely describing the problem, which fell from 69 to 44%. Conclusion: Three gaps highlighted eight years ago by the previous scoping review remain unresolved. Research on decision makers (e.g., scientists in positions of power, policymakers, accounting for 3%), the private research sector and patents (4.7%), and the peer review system (0.3%) continues to be underexplored. Even more concerning, if current trends persist, these gaps are likely to become increasingly problematic
Differentiation of Tumor vs. Peritumoral Cortex in Gliomas by Intraoperative Electrocorticography
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Brain diffuse gliomas are highly epileptic and infiltrative tumors. Glioma surgery consists in the resection of the tumor core and the maximum of the peritumoral zone, infiltrated by tumor cells, guided by the intraoperative assessment of brain functionality and connectivity. However, its electrophysiological characteristics are poorly characterized.Methods: We studied the characteristics of Electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals, in the context of glioma surgery in awake condition on 29 patients, using EEG activity sampled on the tumor itself versus on its borders and in healthy areas. We assessed the features of frequency bands and aperiodic components (offset and slope) of ECoG power spectra during awake glioma surgery, according to cortical tumoral vs peritumoral and healthy status.Results: We found that tumor contacts present a decrease in activity for all the frequency bands except for delta activity, which was increased. Second, the peritumoral cortex was characterized by an increase in relative beta activity and slopes between 20-40 Hz. Low cortical tumor cell infiltration was directly correlated with a reduction in the production of physiological brain rhythms. Finally, an automatic classifier based on neural networks allowed the classification of the electrodes based on their power spectrum characteristics.Conclusions: This intraoperative study shows that ECoG during glioma surgery in awake condition may characterize the peritumoral cortices, key for pathophysiology and therapy, and deepens our knowledge of the effects of tumor cells infiltration on nervous tissue activity. Its assessment during the surgical procedure should better delineation of the cortical areas to be removed
Coarsening of binary Bose superfluids: an effective theory
No full textInternational audienceWe derive an effective equation of motion for binary Bose mixtures, which generalizes the Cahn-Hilliard description of classical binary fluids to superfluid systems. Within this approach, based on a microscopic Hamiltonian formulation, we show that the domain growth law observed in superfluid mixtures is not driven by hydrodynamic flows, but arises from the competition between interactions and quantum pressure. The effective theory allows us to derive key properties of superfluid coarsening, including domain growth and Porod's laws. This provides a new theoretical framework for understanding phase separation in superfluid mixtures
Catalytic Silylation of Alkynyl C(sp)–H Bonds with tert ‐Butyl‐Substituted Silyldiazenes
No full textInternational audienceThe deprotonative silylation of terminal alkynes constitutes one of the most privileged strategies to prepare alkynylsilanes owing to the relatively high acidity of C(sp)–H bonds. While the key deprotonation step is usually mediated by stoichiometric amounts of strong Brønsted bases (e.g., n BuLi) followed by the trapping of the corresponding acetylide with electrophilic silylating reagents, such a sequence can also be transposed to a catalytic regime through pro‐base strategies. We herein demonstrate that N ‐ tert ‐butyl‐ N ’‐silyldiazenes ( t Bu–N = N– Si ) widen the repertoire of silylated pro‐bases that can be used to promote the silylation of a range of terminal alkynes. These reactions are initiated with only catalytic amounts of inexpensive potassium hydroxide, proceed rapidly at room temperature, exhibit broad scope, and allow seamless one‐pot integration with downstream transformations of alkynylsilane products