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« Préserver la mémoire du maître : les paroles de Confucius, un genre littéraire dans la Chine ancienne ? »
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Long genetic and social isolation in Neanderthals before their extinction
No full textInternational audienceNeanderthal genomes have been recovered from sites across Eurasia, painting an increasingly complex picture of their populations' structure that mostly indicates that late European Neanderthals belonged to a single metapopulation with no significant evidence of population structure. Here, we report the discovery of a late Neanderthal individual, nicknamed "Thorin," from Grotte Mandrin in Mediterranean France, and his genome. These dentognathic fossils, including a rare example of distomolars, are associated with a rich archeological record of Neanderthal final technological traditions in this region ∼50-42 thousand years ago. Thorin's genome reveals a relatively early divergence of ∼105 ka with other late Neanderthals. Thorin belonged to a population with a small group size that showed no genetic introgression with other known late European Neanderthals, revealing some 50 ka of genetic isolation of his lineage despite them living in neighboring regions. These results have important implications for resolving competing hypotheses about causes of the disappearance of the Neanderthals. >
Discursos q’eqchi’ sobre la memoria histórica de una aldea petenera (Guatemala)
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Correlation-pattern-based Continuous-variable Entanglement Detection through Neural Networks
No full textInternational audienceEntanglement in continuous-variable non-Gaussian states provides irreplaceable advantages in many quantum information tasks. However, the sheer amount of information in such states grows exponentially and makes a full characterization impossible. Here, we develop a neural network that allows us to use correlation patterns to effectively detect continuous-variable entanglement through homodyne detection. Using a recently defined stellar hierarchy to rank the states used for training, our algorithm works not only on any kind of Gaussian state but also on a whole class of experimentally achievable non-Gaussian states, including photon-subtracted states. With the same limited amount of data, our method provides higher accuracy than usual methods to detect entanglement based on maximum-likelihood tomography. Moreover, in order to visualize the effect of the neural network, we employ a dimension reduction algorithm on the patterns. This shows that a clear boundary appears between the entangled states and others after the neural network processing. In addition, these techniques allow us to compare different entanglement witnesses and understand their working. Our findings provide a new approach for experimental detection of continuous-variable quantum correlations without resorting to a full tomography of the state and confirm the exciting potential of neural networks in quantum information processing
The voices of children in Notre-Dame de Paris during the Late Middle Ages and the Modern Period
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents aspects of the lives of the choirboys at Notre-Dame de Paris between the 14th and the 18th centuries. We evaluate the sound produced by children’s voices during liturgical celebrations based on their location inside the choir using acoustic simulations. The enclosed liturgical choir of Notre-Dame created an acoustical subspace in the cathedral with suitable acoustics for the clergy within the choir, but not for the laypeople in the nave. These simulations demonstrate that this liturgy of the Hours was meant mostly for God and the canons who sang it. In addition to testing conditions where the children sang from within the chancel with and without the jubé, we also investigate the situation where the children sang from on top of the jubé as they did for certain special occasions. While placing singers on the jubé may have had visual appeal or ceremonial importance, simulations reveal that moving the singers from the ground floor of the choir to the jubé would have actually had a negative effect on the loudness and clarity of the sound heard by the canons in the choir
K. A. Rask, Personal experience and material devotion in ancient Greek religion (2023) : [review]
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Weiss Max, Revolutions Aesthetic. A Cultural History of Ba’thist Syria, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2022, 456 p., 32 $.
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On Lipschitz solutions of mean field games master equations
No full textInternational audienceWe develop a theory of existence and uniqueness of solutions of MFG master equations when the initial condition is Lipschitz continuous. Namely, we show that as long as the solution of the master equation is Lipschitz continuous in space, it is uniquely defined. Because we do not impose any structural assumptions, such as monotonicity for instance, there is a maximal time of existence for the notion of solution we provide. We analyze three cases: the case of a finite state space, the case of master equation set on a Hilbert space, and finally on the set of probability measures, all in cases involving common noises. In the last case, the Lipschitz continuity we refer to is on the gradient of the value function with respect to the state variable of the player
Tychè en famille : généalogies et profil divin
No full textInternational audiencePausanias s’étonnait qu’Homère n’ait pas mentionné la grande divinité qu’était devenue Tychè à son époque. Et, en effet, l’épopée homérique ne connaît ni la notion ni la déesse. En revanche, Hésiode fait de cette dernière l’une des trois mille filles d’Okéanos, et divers poètes de la période archaïque lui attribuent d’autres généalogies encore. La présente étude cherchera à comprendre le profil divin de Tychè en fonction de ces configurations familiales. Elle étudiera également l’expression dédicatoire d’une telle relation sur un relief athénien trouvé au Pirée et daté du milieu du ive siècle avant notre ère (IGII2 4627)