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Efficient High-Accuracy Casting Defect Detection with Attention Module
No full textDefect detection in casting processes plays a critical role in manufacturing, directly impacting product quality and operational efficiency. During casting, molten metal is injected into molds to form components; however, imperfections can compromise structural integrity and production outcomes. This study proposes an advanced defect detection framework by integrating the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM)—which combines the Channel Attention Module (CAM) and Spatial Attention Module (SAM) in a unified block—into the MobileNetV3-Large architecture. To benchmark performance, four state-of-the-art models—EfficientNet-B7, ResNet152, RegNet-Y 32GF, and MobileNetV3-large—were trained and evaluated on a publicly available Kaggle dataset comprising 7,348 annotated images categorized into defective and non-defective castings. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms competing architectures, achieving exceptional accuracy (99.33%), recall (99%), and precision (99.8%). The proposed model’s superior performance underscores its potential as a robust solution for industrial quality control, offering high precision in defect identification to enhance manufacturing reliability
Investigation of surface structuring and oxidation performance of Inconel 718 superalloy by laser remelting with different patterns
No full textThe current paper deals with the effect of CO2 laser remelting on the surface structuring and oxidation performance of Inconel 718 superalloy, pointing out different laser-induced surface patterns that make a difference in their oxidation properties vital for high-temperature applications. Surface roughness, microstructure, and oxidation behavior characterization were performed using 3D optical profilometry, SEM, and XRD techniques. The oxidation tests conducted at 1000 degrees C for 24 h have revealed that remelted surfaces offered better oxidation resistance compared to untreated samples. Notably, the patterned sample showed the lowest weight gain under oxidation, and a parabolic regime in oxidation occurred after 100 min; while in an untreated reference sample, this appears only after 200 min. This improvement in performance results from the formation of a chromium-rich oxide layer on the melt pools, which acts as an effective barrier against further oxidation. The findings show that laser remelting, especially with grid-like surface patterns, results in an improvement in both durability and high-temperature performance of Inconel 718; therefore, it is apparently a very promising technique for lifespan extension of industrially relevant materials
Endoscopic endonasal approach for rare sellar/parasellar pathologies: Insights from a neurosurgical perspective.
No full textMiyelomeningosele sekonder hidrosefali olgularında üçüncü ventrikül taban anomalilerinin endoskopik üçüncü ventrikülostomi girişimi başarısına etkisi
No full textA Mobile Application Using a Low-Cost EEG Device for Real-Time Stress Detection to Support Mental Well-Being
No full textNowadays, increasing workload, fast-paced lifestyles negatively affectindividuals' mental well-being by increasing stress. However, effectivetechnological solutions for stress management are often inaccessible due to highcosts and processing power requirements. This study presents a low-cost mobilerecommendation application capable of stress detection in real time usingelectroencephalography (EEG) data from a single-channel NeuroSky MindWaveMobile 2 device. The application analyzes the data with low processing power toassess stress levels and provides personalized relaxation suggestions such asmusic, breathing exercises, or meditation. Furthermore, a user study with 28participants revealed that EEG based measurements and self-reported scores ofState-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) reflected users' stress levels in a similarway. Additionally, user experience evaluation of the application revealed highperceived usability and a generally positive interaction experience based onUMUX-Lite score of 86.31 and AttrakDiff score of 1.89. These findings suggestthat the application can support mental well-being through accessible, real-timestress detection and interactive feedback mechanisms. In addition, the resultshighlight the potential of EEG-based mobile technologies in promotingemotional wellness and offer a promising example of user-centered design forquality-of-life enhancement.</p
A novel, simply prepared biosorbent for the removal of cationic dye: characterization, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic study
No full textThis study utilized raw (MTC) and NaOH-modified magnolia tree cone powder (MMTC) as adsorbents for the first time in the literature. The adsorbents were characterized through SEM, BET, FTIR, XRD, pHpzc analyses and contact angle measurements. The findings offered valuable insights into the increased removal efficiencies observed after modification. The study investigated the effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration (Astrazon Red 5BL), and temperature on dye removal efficiency. Optimal dye removal (97.5% (+/- 1.5%)) was achieved at pH 8, 25 degrees C, 0.7 g/100 mL adsorbent dosage, and 30 min contact time. Pseudo-first, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models applied. Nonlinear kinetic models strongly fit the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.99, RMSE 0.12). The nonlinear fit of the Freundlich isotherm effectively described the equilibrium data (R2 = 0.98, RMSE 4.73). Thermodynamic calculations indicated that the adsorption process is both spontaneous and endothermic. Experiments were performed to assess the effectiveness of MMTC in adsorbing cationic dyes from dye mixtures and in the presence of various salts under optimal conditions. The results show that MMTC has a higher affinity for cationic dyes compared to anionic (40.0% (+/- 0.6%)) and nonionic dyes (47.0% (+/- 0.8%)), and the presence of different salts in the solution didn't significantly affect dye adsorption. MMTC maintained a removal efficiency of over 88.0% (+/- 0.9%) even after ten regeneration cycles. The adsorbent obtained is applicable in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation, providing a significant advantage over traditional adsorbents as a new, sustainable, and environmentally friendly material in the field
GFP Transfection Alters Protein Expression Patterns in Prostate Cancer Cells: A Proteomic Study
No full textPurposeGreen Fluorescent Protein is widely used as a cellular marker tool, but its potential influence on cells has been questioned. Although the potential off-target effects of GFP on tumor cells have been studied to some extent, the findings at the molecular level are insufficient to explain the effect of GFP expression on the tumorigenic capacity of cancer cells. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of GFP expression on the tumorigenicity of PC3 prostate cancer cells.MethodsUsing GFP-expressing and wild-type PC-3 cells, xenograft models were generated in athymic BALB/C mice. To identify differentially expressed proteins, the change in cells proteome was investigated by label-free quantification with nano-high performance liquid chromatography to tandem mass spectrometry (nHPLC-MS/MS). Proteins that showed significantly altered expression levels were evaluated using the bioinformatics tools.ResultsUnlike the wild-type PC-3 cells, GFP-expressing cells failed to develop tumor. Comparative proteome analysis of GFP-expressing cells with WT PC-3 cells revealed a total of 216 differentially regulated proteins, of which 98 were upregulated and 117 were downregulated.ConclusionUpon GFP expression, differential changes in several pathways including the immune system, translational machinery, energy metabolism, elements of cytoskeletal and VEGF signaling pathway were observed. Therefore, care should be taken into account to prevent reporting deceitful mechanisms generated from studies utilizing GFP
