CBU International Conference on Innovations in Science and Education
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MANAGING RISK WITH THE USE OF COMPUTER SIMULATION
No full textInternal and external risk management has become an important issue in today's global business environment, which is fraught with health, natural, political, economic and technical threats. This article deals with the design of a methodology for problem-solving and risk management in connection with computer simulation. The risk management methodology proposed by us consists of individual steps, which are summarized into three stages - risk assessment, risk analysis and risk management. The proposed computer simulation methodology consists of several steps, for example creating a parametric simulation model, designing experiments, analysis of the simulation model results or the evaluation of the simulation results. These steps are described in the article. After completing the previous steps, we describe the points of an action plan and what it must contain to avoid consequences and the impact of risks at the lowest possible level. An example of the use of computer simulation is the risk situation associated with the fluctuation of employees. In the end, the proposed methodology is supported by the results of our research and its further direction
YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN EUROPE – BUSINESS CYCLES, CRISES, AND POLICY RESPONSES
No full textPurpose: The goal of the paper is to analyse in which countries’ youth unemployment is statistically pro or countercyclical and how crises in the last decade have affected it. What would the plausible explanations for diverging patterns within the EU and other European countries be? In what terms is the young people’s labour market across Europe imbalanced?
Methodology: The paper builds on Gontkovicova et al.’s (2015) analysis of correlations between GDP growth and youth unemployment on an annual basis by adding more indicators and considering the quarterly basis as well. The quantitative approach is enriched by qualitative insights on Southeast European countries studied within the Erasmus+ YouthCap project (CRA, 2020).
Findings: Most of the countercyclical youth unemployment trends in the last 20 years are observed in Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia). From Western European countries Iceland, Denmark and Portugal are countercyclical. The most resilient countries in terms of COVID-19 are North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey and Iceland, which were able to reduce youth unemployment during the coronavirus crisis (Q3 in 2019 and 2020). Plausible policy reactions have been identified based on the concept of learning societies and the need for continuous education.
Practical implications: The paper argues why localised policy responses could be more effective than a centralised solution. However, increased coordination and standardisation of secondary and higher education could lead to increased youth labour migration.
Originality/value: The paper combines a more traditional quantitative approach to the most recent data series with the qualitative approach of identifying various micro-trends by looking at selected outlier countries
SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION OF CHILDREN FROM HOME EDUCATION
No full textThe aim of this paper is to find out how the secondary socialization of children from home education takes place and to map the personal experiences and opinions of parents educating their children at home. The paper is divided into theoretical and empirical parts. The theoretical part deals with the socialization as a necessary process in the life of each individual, we describe the various types of socialization, we deal with a different concept of socialization according to where it takes place, i.e. in the home and school environment. The theoretical part forms the basis for the empirical part. For the implementation of the research, we chose qualitative research using semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with parents who currently have a child or children in home education. According to the results of the research, home schooled children are secondarily socialized in regular and sporadic meetings with other home schooled children, either as part of celebrations and other social events or for the purpose of learning together in a small group of children. Another way are friends with whom they see each other several times a week in hobby groups or visit each other. Furthermore, the family and siblings, play an important role in the socialization process. Due to age differences, siblings can help each other in many ways, learn from each other and spend free time together. The limit of the presented work is a small sample of respondents and the associated impossibility to generalize the results. However, the research went into depth on the topic and brings forward the subjective opinions and experiences of parents. Another limit is the implementation of the interviews through the telephone, which does not allow for the observation of non-verbal expressions of the respondents during the interview, which can reveal a lot
ACTIVE LEARNING THROUGH TECHNOLOGICALLY-BASED DECISIONS
No full textThe fourth industrial revolution determined Education 4.0, which brings out both the clear presence of technology in the educational process and connects electronic devices in the real and virtual world during learning, and during activities of interest, according to personal preferences and experience. However, the requirements and conditions for the use of technologies to increase learning outcomes are much more important. The objective of the study is the construct "technology-based decision making". The research aims to study the influence of the technology-based decisions for the active learning of the students from the higher educational institutions /HEIs/. A scientific study was conducted with 74 students from HEIs. The results show that technology-based decision-making increases learning activity and provides opportunities for learning to be a constructive and active process. Technology-based decisions of university students are defined as a specific motivator for their active learning
COMPETENCIES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN CONDUCTING ONLINE EDUCATION
No full textThe state of emergency, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has completely changed the education system in Bulgaria, including the training of physical education and sports in Bulgarian schools. Physical education and sports training have been transformed into distance and online education and training. The aim of the research was to study the competencies of PE teachers in the country for the implementation of online teaching. The subject of the study was a total of 138 teachers, of whom 100 (72.5%) were female and 38 (27.5%) were male. The teachers were aged from 24 to 68 years old, with different pedagogical experience and were representatives of all regions of the country. A specially developed international questionnaire with closed questions was applied. Alternative analysis and chi-square Pearson's test (ײ) were used to analyze the results. The results show that the sampled teachers evaluated the current use of online education in physical education and sport as relatively good (47.1%). At the same time, the acquired results show that the educational activity of sports pedagogues during the pandemic has reduced their motivation for professional activity (43.5%). Teachers have rated as very good (29.7%) and good (45.7%) their competencies for using online technologies to conduct physical education and sports classes. The majority of them – 79%, actively applied the new technologies in the training process. No differences were found in the answers of the respondents to any of the questions on the criteria of gender, age and pedagogical experience
TEACHING REASONING: A COGNITIVE-CULTURAL APPROACH
No full textThis paper describes personal reasoning peculiarities of Russian undergraduate students viewed through the prism of their culture and their psycho-typical characteristics. The experimental study showed specificity of argument formation in the students’ reasoning about their cultural values. Our experiment identified the respondents’ poles within the cognitive style ‘abstract / concrete conceptualization’ based on their verbalization of the primary values. Four levels of concept abstraction were detected and proved by the students’ verbal manifestations: the resulting students’ texts showed remarkable differences between the poles concerning preferences of argument exposition, both in its construction schemes and in the choice of components of the arguments. We thus state that the degree of variability of the students’ value assessment correlates with the degree of formation of the mechanism of differentiation in value orientations. Our recommendations for teaching reasoning concern: linguistically based principles of student cognitive differentiation which minimize distractive factors; choice of teaching tasks depending on the student specific conceptualization pole; and ways of activating differentiation and integration operations in reasoning. In a broader context of education, students’ individual peculiarities and cognitive preferences should be focused on training which stimulate the students’ learning interest
FORENSIC MEDICAL CRITERIA OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ALCOHOL AND CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING BY USING AZIMUTHAL-INVARIANT POLARIZATION MUELLER-MATRIX MICROSCOPY
No full textIntroduction: Fatal intoxications with alcohol and carbon monoxide are the most common causes of poisoning that occur in forensic medical practice. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of these intoxications is extremely important. To solve this problem, we propose the use of the method of azimuthal-invariant polarization Mueller-matrix microscopy of histological sections of biological tissues (BT).
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to establish statistically significant criteria for differentiation of the cause of death in case of alcohol poisoning (AP) and carbon monoxide poisoning (CMP) by using azimuthal-invariant polarization Mueller-matrix microscopy of polycrystalline fractions of histological sections of organs and blood films of the human body.
Results: A number of characteristic features have been identified that have not been previously described and allow to objectively differentiate the cause of death in the case of AP and CMP, namely Ek – 0.95±0.045 and 1.81±0.092 in the study of histological sections of the myocardium; Ek – 0,19±0,011 and 1,11±0,094 – polycrystalline blood films. Analysis of the obtained data revealed a good level of accuracy in the study of histological sections of the myocardium (As 85%) and polycrystalline blood films (As 88%).
Conclusion: Thus, developed and tested method of azimuthal-invariant polarization Mueller-matrix microscopy allows to differentiate the cause of death in cases of AP and CMP
ORGANIC PERSONAL CARE COSMETICS: BEHAVIOR OF CHOICE AND CONSUMPTION
No full textBackground. The researchers have shown that even small doses of some chemical substances in cosmetics, when absorbing and accumulating in the body, can damage the skin and provoke various diseases. Therefore, the choice of organic cosmetics with certified ingredients can contribute to human health and nature conservation.
The survey aimed to determine behavior of choice and consumption of organic cosmetic products according to the consumers’ socio-demographic characteristics.
Methods. A quantitative survey was performed, a validated questionnaire and data collection method – a written survey were used. Survey sample – 335 people (38.5 ± 4.07 years old). Data analysis using SPSS 26.0 was performed, calculated percentage frequencies, mean, Pearson’s Chi-Square test to detect statistically significant differences, and Spearman’s correlation was used.
Results. The study found that more than half of women used organic cosmetics. A significant difference (p <0.05) was found with age, which showed that organic products were used significantly more often by 26–35-year-old individuals and between the sexes (p = 0.05). It was found that facial skincare, body care, and hair care products are the most commonly used, while pregnancy skincare products are the least commonly used. Consumers indicated the reasons for choosing these products: health benefits, natural composition, non-polluting environment during production, and recyclability of packaging. Most often, respondents do not use such cosmetics due to unclear labeling and the higher prices of these products. Sufficient and complete information on the label, a reliable and well-known producer are considered to be the most important identification criteria. In contrast, a special point of sale, clear and attractive promotional/visual information being the least important.  
FUZZY AGGREGATION FOR RANKING IN BUSINESS
No full textToday, businesses depend strongly on data and the opinion of customers or the experience of managers or experts. The large databases contain non-heterogeneous data, which is the ground for further decisions. Business uses multicriterial decisions in more areas (e.g., customer care, marketing, product development, risk management, HR, etc.) and often it is based on assessment. One of the assessment methods is the ranking, which can be done by crisp values of data where the sharp borders between evaluated entities do not give the adequate ranking result. On the other hand, the ranking process is based on the qualitative assessment, which has linguistic expression. It is more familiar and understandable for people. The article shows how to treat non-heterogeneous data to prepare them for a ranking process using fuzzy sets theory. The article aims at offering several types of ranking methods based on different inputs and preferences of the user and describes appropriate fuzzy aggregations for solving the ranking problem
THE IMPACT OF LENDING TO NON-FINANCIAL CORPORATIONS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
No full textAcceleration of economic growth, especially in modern conditions, requires the use of stimulating measures of fiscal and monetary policy. Measures to stimulate economic growth should also maintain macroeconomic stability. Many emerging markets and developing economies are pursuing high interest rate policies to curb inflation, but this leads to a reduction in lending to non-financial corporations and to economic growth rates decline. The goal of the study is to show that pursuing high interest rates policy is insufficient. We tested several hypotheses: first, we assume that an increase in lending to non-financial corporations stimulates economic growth. Our second hypothesis, in contrast, suggests that increasing interest rates on loans dampen economic growth. Third, we assume that inflation has no significant effect on economic growth. Forth, we consider that lending to non-financial corporations does not spur inflation. We empirically assess the data for 13 countries related to emerging markets during 2001–2020. The results of the research confirmed all the hypotheses. The monetary policy of maintaining high interest rates used by many developing countries leads to low lending to non-financial corporations and reduced economic growth. We propose several policy implications aimed at stimulating the lending to non-financial corporations and scarce inflation