Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Electrochemical determination of ceftriaxone using polyurethane-modified electrode containing caffeic acid and chitosan
No full textThe aim of this work was to develop an electrochemical sensor based on caffeic acid and chitosan-containing polyurethane (CAC-PU) films modified platinum electrode for ceftriaxone (CFX) determination. For this aim, firstly the CAC-PU structures were synthesized from three different diisocyanates and these structures were characterized with spectroscopic, thermal and surface analysis techniques. Then, these CAC-PU structures were coated on bare Pt electrode surface for the preparation of CFX selective sensors. Throughout this study several analytical parameters, such as film thickness, electrolyte type, pH effect, and scan rate were investigated by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. Under the optimized conditions, the voltammetric test results showed best analytical performances for CFX detection with a linear range from 0.1 to 1.5 mM. Limit of detection (LOD) and correlation coefficient (R-2) were obtained 52 mu M and 0.9991 using CAC-PU modified electrode, respectively. Stability of the modified electrode was found to be 96.78% by using reproducibility experiments (n = 10). Applicable of the presented sensor was tested in two synthetic urine samples and recoveries values were obtained 98.7% and 110%, respectively. The prepared modified electrode exhibits high repeatability, fast response, and high sensitivity, which makes it suitable for the detection of CFX in urine samples
Zmiana zawartości białka surowego i tłuszczu w okrywie nasiennej bobu podczas kiełkowania
Get PDFThe paper presents the results of studies on the variation in protein and fat contents in broad bean seed covers of Hangdown White SNF variety, during the germination process at temperature of 20°C ± 1°C. The first samples were collected for analysis the next day from the beginning of the experiment while the others were taken every 24 hours during 5 consecutive days. The experiment showed an increase of fat contents in seed covers (0.94–1.35 g/100 g d.m.) with increasing germination intensity within the entire period of time and simultaneously reduction of the protein contents (4.5–3.8 g/100 g d.m.) along with the germ growth. The experiment was terminated after 144 hours when the majority of seed had germinated. During this time, the greatest decrease of protein contents (4.39–3.88 g/100 g d.m.) was observed.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zmienności zawartości białka i tłuszczu w okrywach nasion bobu odmiany Hangdown Biały SNF, w trakcie procesu kiełkowania przebiegającego w temperaturze 20ºC ± 1ºC. Pierwsze próbki do analizy pobrano następnego dnia od chwili rozpoczęcia eksperymentu, następne pobierano co 24 h przez 5 kolejnych dni. Badania wykazały zwiększenie zawartości tłuszczu (0,94 g/100 g s.m.–1,35 g/100 g s.m.) wraz ze wzrostem intensywności kiełkowania w okrywach w całym przedziale czasowym i obniżenie zawartości białka w okrywach (4,37 g/100 g s.m. – 3,88 g/100 g s.m.) wraz z pojawianiem się coraz większej liczby kiełków. Badania zakończono po 144 h, gdy większość nasion zakończyła już kiełkowanie. W tym czasie zauważono największy spadek zawartości białka (4,39 g/100 g s.m. – 3,88 g/100 g s.m.)
Wpływ promieniowania mikrofalowego na ciemnienie miąższu bulw ziemniaka
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of microwaves on the darkening of raw potato flesh. The study included 6 very early potato varieties (Arielle, Denarius, Felix Bona, Lord, Rosara and Velox), which were stored for a period of 7 months. For irradiation of potato tubers was used the generator produces microwaves at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Assessment of the darkening degree of flesh was performed based on the 9 point Danish scale. The obtained results do not confirm that microwaves significantly affect the process of darkening the raw flesh potato tubers.Celem pracy było określenie wpływu mikrofal na ciemnienie surowego miąższu bulw ziemniaka. Badaniami objęto 6 bardzo wczesnych odmian ziemniaka (Arielle, Denar, Felka Bona, Lord, Rosara i Velox), które przechowywano przez okres 7 miesięcy. Do napromieniania bulw ziemniaka wykorzystano generator wytwarzający mikrofale o częstotliwości 2,45 GHz. Ocenę stopnia ciemnienia miąższu wykonano według 9-stopniowej skali duńskiej. Uzyskane wyniki badań nie potwierdzają tego, że mikrofale istotnie wpływały na proces ciemnienia surowego miąższu bulw ziemniaka
Rodzaj Thymus L. – walory aromatyczne i lecznicze. Przegląd wybranych gatunków
Get PDFThe genus Thymus L. is one of the largest and economically most important genera in the family Lamiaceae. Plants belonging to this genus are a traditional and highly valued source of medicinal and spice raw materials. The herbal raw material of these plants is aromatic herb (herba), and the most important bioactive ingredient is essential oil (oleum aetherium). The active ingredients of the raw material also include: phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, vitamins and minerals. Thyme herb extracts and thyme oils show broad biological activity. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, antiviral and antibacterial properties, and improve the work of the digestive system. The expectorant effect is associated with the presence of carvacrol, thymol and geraniol, and the bactericidal and virucidal properties are enhanced by the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The paper reviews the aromatic, medicinal and spice properties of selected four species of the genus Thymus: T. vulgaris L., T. pulegioides L., T. serpyllum L. and T. citriodorus S., and presents the latest research justifying their traditional applications and potential therapeutic values.Rodzaj Thymus L. jest jednym z największych i najważniejszych gospodarczo rodzajów w rodzinie Lamiaceae. Rośliny należące do tego rodzaju są tradycyjnym i wysoko cenionym źródłem surowca leczniczego i przyprawowego. Surowcem zielarskim tych roślin jest aromatyczne ziele (herba), a najistotniejszym składnikiem bioaktywnym olejek eteryczny (oleum aetherium). Wśród składników aktywnych surowca wymieniane są ponadto: związki fenolowe, flawonoidy, garbniki, witaminy i związki mineralne. Ekstrakty z ziela tymianku i olejki tymiankowe wykazują szeroką aktywność biologiczną. Działają antyoksydacyjnie, przeciwzapalnie, przeciwkaszlowo, przeciwwirusowo, przeciwbakteryjnie, usprawniają pracę układu trawiennego. Działanie wykrztuśne związane jest z obecnością karwakrolu, tymolu i geraniolu, a właściwości bakteriobójcze i wirusobójcze potęguje obecność związków fenolowych oraz flawonoidów. W pracy dokonano przeglądu właściwości aromatycznych, leczniczych i przyprawowych wybranych czterech gatunków z rodzaju Thymus: T. vulgaris L., T. pulegioides L., T. serpyllum L. i T. citriodorus S., przedstawiono najnowsze badania uzasadniających ich tradycyjne zastosowania oraz potencjalne wartości terapeutyczne
Morphological and biochemical diversity in Rosa species
Get PDFThe Rosa L. is one of the widely grown plants in the world and its flowers and fruits has been used in different parts of the world for centuries. Wild grown Rosa plants is one of the most important element of the natural landscape and used as rootstock for roses for centuries as well. In this study the main flower, shrub and fruit characteristics of a large number of Rosa canina L. and Rosa dumalis Bechst. genotypes naturally found in Ardahan province of Turkey has been studied. All plants found very health conditions and indicated their strong defense mechanism of the genera to harsh abiotic and biotic conditions. The majority of genotypes had attractive flowers. The genotypes exhibited fruit mass between 2.81 g to 4.60 g. SSC (soluble solid content), vitamin C, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total carotenoid, and total anthocyanin content of the genotypes ranged from 15.8–20.6%, 502–714 mg per 100 g FW (fresh weight), 405–507 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g FW, 1.02–2.00 mg per g FW, 8.40–13.30 mg per g FW and 4.35–6.98 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per liter, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined between 22.3–30.9 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g fresh weight. Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic acids in fruits of Rosa ecotypes. Our results indicated promising perspectives for usage of R. canina and R. dumalis fresh fruits studied with considerable levels of bioactive compounds.The Rosa L. is one of the widely grown plants in the world and its flowers and fruits has been used in different parts of the world for centuries. Wild grown Rosa plants is one of the most important element of the natural landscape and used as rootstock for roses for centuries as well. In this study the main flower, shrub and fruit characteristics of a large number of Rosa canina L. and Rosa dumalis Bechst. genotypes naturally found in Ardahan province of Turkey has been studied. All plants found very health conditions and indicated their strong defense mechanism of the genera to harsh abiotic and biotic conditions. The majority of genotypes had attractive flowers. The genotypes exhibited fruit mass between 2.81 g to 4.60 g. SSC (soluble solid content), vitamin C, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total carotenoid, and total anthocyanin content of the genotypes ranged from 15.8–20.6%, 502–714 mg per 100 g FW (fresh weight), 405–507 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g FW, 1.02–2.00 mg per g FW, 8.40–13.30 mg per g FW and 4.35–6.98 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per liter, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined between 22.3–30.9 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g fresh weight. Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic acids in fruits of Rosa ecotypes. Our results indicated promising perspectives for usage of R. canina and R. dumalis fresh fruits studied with considerable levels of bioactive compounds
The influence of four rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit quality of two plum cultivars
Get PDFThe influence of three clonal rootstocks (‘Pixyʼ, ‘Fereleyʼ and ‘St. Julien Aʼ) along with seedlings of Myrobalan(control) on growth, yield and fruit quality of plum cultivars ‘Čačanska Najboljaʼ and ‘Čačanska Lepoticaʼ was studied in the Belgrade region (Serbia) for the six year-period (2013–2018). In comparison to control, clonal rootstocks have shown a significant effect on the decrease of trunk cross-sectional area. The lowest vigor was found in trees on the ‘Pixyʼ rootstock, then on ‘Fereleyʼ and ‘St. Julien Aʼ. Yield per hectare on trees grafted on clonal rootstocks was higher for 62–82% in ‘Čačanska Najboljaʼ, and for 26–27% in ‘Čačanska Lepoticaʼ compared to Myrobalan. In cultivar ‘Čačanska Najboljaʼ significantly higher fruit weight compared to control was obtained in the trees on the ‘Fereleyʼ and ‘St. Julien Aʼ rootstocks. The effects of rootstocks on the contents of soluble solids and total acids in the fruit were not significant. All three studied clonal rootstocks showed better results than standard Myrobalan, and can be recommended for establishing intensive plum plantations with higher planting density.The influence of three clonal rootstocks (‘Pixyʼ, ‘Fereleyʼ and ‘St. Julien Aʼ) along with seedlings of Myrobalan(control) on growth, yield and fruit quality of plum cultivars ‘Čačanska Najboljaʼ and ‘Čačanska Lepoticaʼ was studied in the Belgrade region (Serbia) for the six year-period (2013–2018). In comparison to control, clonal rootstocks have shown a significant effect on the decrease of trunk cross-sectional area. The lowest vigor was found in trees on the ‘Pixyʼ rootstock, then on ‘Fereleyʼ and ‘St. Julien Aʼ. Yield per hectare on trees grafted on clonal rootstocks was higher for 62–82% in ‘Čačanska Najboljaʼ, and for 26–27% in ‘Čačanska Lepoticaʼ compared to Myrobalan. In cultivar ‘Čačanska Najboljaʼ significantly higher fruit weight compared to control was obtained in the trees on the ‘Fereleyʼ and ‘St. Julien Aʼ rootstocks. The effects of rootstocks on the contents of soluble solids and total acids in the fruit were not significant. All three studied clonal rootstocks showed better results than standard Myrobalan, and can be recommended for establishing intensive plum plantations with higher planting density
Tolerance of Berberis thunbergii DC. to greywater irrigation and changes in soil quality
Get PDFClimate changes that lead to an increasing shortage of drinking water (DW) dictate the use of alternative water sources for irrigation. Therefore the aim of this research was to determine the tolerance of plant growth and development of Berberis thunbergii DC. (Japanese barberry) to irrigation with greywater (GW) and to examine changes in chemical properties of soil. The two-year experiment, conducted during vegetation season, was comprised of the following treatments: K (control, 100% DW), T1 (diluted GW containing 50% DW and 50% GW), T2 (100% GW) and T3 (alternating watering with 100% DW and 100% GW). After statistical analyses the results indicate the similarity between the K and T3 treatments in terms of the plant growth and development of new shoots. T1 treatment leads to slower plant growth, whereas T2 treatment leads to slower development of new shoots, but the vitality of the plants was not observed. Application of T1, T2 and T3 treatments resulted in slight salinization of the soil. In general, the results of this research indicated that GW can be used for irrigation of B. thunbergii, preferably with the application of alternating watering T3 treatment.Climate changes that lead to an increasing shortage of drinking water (DW) dictate the use of alternative water sources for irrigation. Therefore the aim of this research was to determine the tolerance of plant growth and development of Berberis thunbergii DC. (Japanese barberry) to irrigation with greywater (GW) and to examine changes in chemical properties of soil. The two-year experiment, conducted during vegetation season, was comprised of the following treatments: K (control, 100% DW), T1 (diluted GW containing 50% DW and 50% GW), T2 (100% GW) and T3 (alternating watering with 100% DW and 100% GW). After statistical analyses the results indicate the similarity between the K and T3 treatments in terms of the plant growth and development of new shoots. T1 treatment leads to slower plant growth, whereas T2 treatment leads to slower development of new shoots, but the vitality of the plants was not observed. Application of T1, T2 and T3 treatments resulted in slight salinization of the soil. In general, the results of this research indicated that GW can be used for irrigation of B. thunbergii, preferably with the application of alternating watering T3 treatment
PACLOBUTRAZOL DEPENDENT SALT TOLERANCE IS RELATED TO CLC1 AND NHX1 GENE EXPRESSION IN SOYBEAN PLANTS
Get PDFPaclobutrazol (PBZ) enhances plant resistance to salt stress in two ways: directly, by straight clearance of reactive oxygen species; and indirectly by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolite content, and by regulating transcription factors associated with stress. However, the regulatory effects of PBZ under salt stress in soybean are still not well explained and need further investigation. With this aim, the combination effect of salinity (250 mM NaCl) and three different doses of PBZ (5, 10 and 20 ppm) on physiological, biochemical and molecular traits of soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves were studied in soil experiments. Furthermore, physiological parameters (relative growth rate, relative water content), chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and as well as enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, POX, APX, CAT and GST), ion content (Na, Cl) and soybean Na+/H+ antiporter GmNHX1 and chloride channel GmCLC1 gene expressions were investigated. The results showed that PBZ caused a reduction in salt-induced damages and an increase in biomass yield, water status, and chlorophyll. Moreover, PBZ regulated enzymatic antioxidants and alleviated the oxidative damages under salinity. In this study, for a first time it was determined that PBZ increased both GmNHX1 (ABA dependent or independent) and GmCLC1 (ABA independent) gene expressions and reduced Na and Cl concentrations in soybean under salinity. In conclusion, PBZ plays a role as a regulator and stimulant in salt stress response by mostly regulating ion balance in soybean leaves.Paclobutrazol (PBZ) enhances plant resistance to salt stress in two ways: directly, by straight clearance of reactive oxygen species; and indirectly by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic efficiency, and metabolite content, and by regulating transcription factors associated with stress. However, the regulatory effects of PBZ under salt stress in soybean are still not well explained and need further investigation. With this aim, the combination effect of salinity (250 mM NaCl) and three different doses of PBZ (5, 10 and 20 ppm) on physiological, biochemical and molecular traits of soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves were studied in soil experiments. Furthermore, physiological parameters (relative growth rate, relative water content), chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and as well as enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, POX, APX, CAT and GST), ion content (Na, Cl) and soybean Na+/H+ antiporter GmNHX1 and chloride channel GmCLC1 gene expressions were investigated. The results showed that PBZ caused a reduction in salt-induced damages and an increase in biomass yield, water status, and chlorophyll. Moreover, PBZ regulated enzymatic antioxidants and alleviated the oxidative damages under salinity. In this study, for a first time it was determined that PBZ increased both GmNHX1 (ABA dependent or independent) and GmCLC1 (ABA independent) gene expressions and reduced Na and Cl concentrations in soybean under salinity. In conclusion, PBZ plays a role as a regulator and stimulant in salt stress response by mostly regulating ion balance in soybean leaves
In vitro multiplication of Mentha piperita L. and comparative evaluation of some biochemical compounds in plants regenerated by micropropagation and conventional method
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to elaborate an efficient in vitro multiplication protocol for Mentha piperita L. (peppermint) and to perform a comparative evaluation of some biochemical compounds in plants regenerated by micropropagation and conventional method. The use of a plain Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium favored the induction of regenerative processes, the percentage of explants that started to grow four weeks after inoculation being 92%. The highest multiplication rate (7.12 shoots/explant) and the highest average shoot length (8.11 cm) were obtained on the MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L benzylaminopurine, when nodal fragments were used as explants. The rooting phase was not necessary, the shoots developing roots on the multiplication medium. The acclimatization rate of in vitro regenerated plants to ex vitro conditions was 96%. Although biochemical investigations revealed some differences between in vitro regenerated plants and those obtained by conventional methods, the results obtained show that micropropagation can be used successfully to obtain high-quality peppermint biological material, a potential source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic effect.The aim of this study was to elaborate an efficient in vitro multiplication protocol for Mentha piperita L. (peppermint) and to perform a comparative evaluation of some biochemical compounds in plants regenerated by micropropagation and conventional method. The use of a plain Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium favored the induction of regenerative processes, the percentage of explants that started to grow four weeks after inoculation being 92%. The highest multiplication rate (7.12 shoots/explant) and the highest average shoot length (8.11 cm) were obtained on the MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L benzylaminopurine, when nodal fragments were used as explants. The rooting phase was not necessary, the shoots developing roots on the multiplication medium. The acclimatization rate of in vitro regenerated plants to ex vitro conditions was 96%. Although biochemical investigations revealed some differences between in vitro regenerated plants and those obtained by conventional methods, the results obtained show that micropropagation can be used successfully to obtain high-quality peppermint biological material, a potential source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic effect
Porównanie jakości owoców trzech odmian leszczyny
Get PDFThe study was conducted from 1999 to 2002 in the Pomology Department of the Agricultural University in Lublin. The experimental materials were hazelnut trees of cv. ‘Olbrzymi z Halle’, ‘Kataloski’ i ‘Webba Cenny’ planted in 1989 at the distance 4 × 3 m. The fruit size distribution, mass of single nut and kernel and content of water were evaluated immediately after harvest and after 8 weeks of storage. In addition, in 1999–2001 total content of oil, content of linoleic acid and content of major nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) were determined. The significant differences in the size nuts and values of examined features between cultivars were found. The content of water in dried kernels varied depending on cultivars from 3,79% to 4,08%. The loss of fruit mass during 8 weeks of drying kernels was from 27,5% to 29,6%. The best quality among studied cultivars had cv. ‘Olbrzymi z Halle’.Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w latach 1998–2002 w Katedrze Sadownictwa Akademii Rolniczej w Lublinie. Materiałem doswiadczalnym była leszczyna. Rośliny trzech odmian: Olbrzymi z Halle, Kataloński i Webba Cenny posadzono w 1989 r. w rozstawie 4 × 3 m i prowadzono je w formie drzewek niskopiennych. Oceniano strukturę plonu, średnią masę pojedynczego orzecha i jądra, zawartość wody w jądrze bezpośrednio po zbiorze i po 8 tygodniach przechowywania w temperaturze pokojowej. W latach 1999-2001 określano ponadto zawartość tłuszczów i kwasu linolowego oraz makroskładników (N, P, K, Ca, Mg). Wykazano wyraźne różnice odmianowe w wielkości owoców i wartości badanych cech. Zawartości wody w jądrze orzechów wysuszonych wyniosła w zależności od odmiany od 3,79 do 29,6%. Ubytek masy podczas 8 tygodni dosuszania orzechów wynosił od 27,5 do 29,6%. Sposród badanych trzech odmian najlepszą jakością orzechów charakteryzował się ‘Olbrzymi z Halle’