Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Influence of the propagation method of three semidwarf rootstocks on the growth and activity of the physiological processes of maiden sweet cherry trees in a nursery
Get PDFRootstocks that reduce the vigor of sweet cherry trees are currently in high demand in orchard production. However, their suitability for nursery production is not fully verified. There are also difficulties in the method of their obtaining, mainly through in vitro cultures, which is associated with high prices. The experiment compared the growth of maiden trees of four sweet cherry varieties on rootstocks that reduce their vigor, ‘Gisela 5’, ‘Krymsk 5;, and ‘Pi-ku 1’. In addition, rootstocks produced by cheaper means using shoot cuttings were evaluated compared with those from in vitro. The lower efficiency of maiden trees was obtained on the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock than on the other two rootstocks. In contrast, the vigor of maiden trees on this rootstock was significantly more potent. Generally, rootstocks derived from in vitro yielded a higher percentage of maiden trees. Additionally, for most of the varieties and years tested, the rootstocks obtained in this way improved the growth of the trees as determined by their diameter and length of the lateral shoots. The activity of the physiological processes of the maiden trees varied with the rootstock used. Maiden trees on the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock were most often characterized by the lowest levels of the three tested parameters (E, C, and I CO2). Meanwhile, the net photosynthetic intensity was lowest on the ‘Pi-ku 1’ rootstock.Rootstocks that reduce the vigor of sweet cherry trees are currently in high demand in orchard production. However, their suitability for nursery production is not fully verified. There are also difficulties in the method of their obtaining, mainly through in vitro cultures, which is associated with high prices. The experiment compared the growth of maiden trees of four sweet cherry varieties on rootstocks that reduce their vigor, ‘Gisela 5’, ‘Krymsk 5;, and ‘Pi-ku 1’. In addition, rootstocks produced by cheaper means using shoot cuttings were evaluated compared with those from in vitro. The lower efficiency of maiden trees was obtained on the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock than on the other two rootstocks. In contrast, the vigor of maiden trees on this rootstock was significantly more potent. Generally, rootstocks derived from in vitro yielded a higher percentage of maiden trees. Additionally, for most of the varieties and years tested, the rootstocks obtained in this way improved the growth of the trees as determined by their diameter and length of the lateral shoots. The activity of the physiological processes of the maiden trees varied with the rootstock used. Maiden trees on the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock were most often characterized by the lowest levels of the three tested parameters (E, C, and I CO2). Meanwhile, the net photosynthetic intensity was lowest on the ‘Pi-ku 1’ rootstock
The influence of biostimulants on the rhizospheric microorganisms of scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.)
Get PDFScorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.) is a particularly valuable species among little-known and rarely cultivated vegetables. It is a root vegetable of high dietary and nutritional values. The suitable microbiological activity of the soil favors the growth and development of scorzonera. Biostimulants can positively affect the communities of rhizospheric microorganisms of cultivated plants, including this important vegetable. The studies established the influence of biostimulants on the microbial communities in the scorzonera rhizosphere. Before setting up the field experiment, scorzonera seeds were dressed with fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS or biostimulants Beta-Chikol, Bio-Algeen S-90, and Asahi SL. The laboratory microbiological analyses of scorzonera rhizosphere soil were conducted and determined the total population of bacteria and fungi. The obtained rhizosphere isolates of fungi Albifimbria, Clonostachys, Epicoccum, Penicillium, and Trichoderma sp. were tested to check the influence on fungi pathogenic to scorzonera (Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia solani). The experiments showed that biostimulants, especially Asahi SL and Beta-Chikol, favored the development of rhizobacteria populations (including Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.). All biostimulants (Beta-Chikol, in particular) and the fungicide decreased the population of rhizospheric fungi and limited the occurrence of polyphagous fungi in the rhizosphere of scorzonera. Biostimulant Beta-Chikol and fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS were most effective in stimulating the development of antagonistic fungi. Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma sp., and Albifimbria verrucaria predominated as antagonistic rhizospheric fungi.Scorzonera (Scorzonera hispanica L.) is a particularly valuable species among little-known and rarely cultivated vegetables. It is a root vegetable of high dietary and nutritional values. The suitable microbiological activity of the soil favors the growth and development of scorzonera. Biostimulants can positively affect the communities of rhizospheric microorganisms of cultivated plants, including this important vegetable. The studies established the influence of biostimulants on the microbial communities in the scorzonera rhizosphere. Before setting up the field experiment, scorzonera seeds were dressed with fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS or biostimulants Beta-Chikol, Bio-Algeen S-90, and Asahi SL. The laboratory microbiological analyses of scorzonera rhizosphere soil were conducted and determined the total population of bacteria and fungi. The obtained rhizosphere isolates of fungi Albifimbria, Clonostachys, Epicoccum, Penicillium, and Trichoderma sp. were tested to check the influence on fungi pathogenic to scorzonera (Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia solani). The experiments showed that biostimulants, especially Asahi SL and Beta-Chikol, favored the development of rhizobacteria populations (including Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.). All biostimulants (Beta-Chikol, in particular) and the fungicide decreased the population of rhizospheric fungi and limited the occurrence of polyphagous fungi in the rhizosphere of scorzonera. Biostimulant Beta-Chikol and fungicide Zaprawa Nasienna T 75 DS/WS were most effective in stimulating the development of antagonistic fungi. Clonostachys rosea, Trichoderma sp., and Albifimbria verrucaria predominated as antagonistic rhizospheric fungi
Establishing in vitro cultures of Pennisetum ‘Vertigo®’ and its shoot multiplication under different LED light quality
Get PDFThis study provides a method for ornamental grass Pennisetum ‘Vertigo®’ in vitro culture initiation and shoot multiplication under different LED light qualities. The culture was initiated from field-cultivated plants collected from the 1st to 30th October at weekly intervals. Later dates of collecting shoot tips increased the effectiveness of surface disinfection (from 46% on the first date to 93% on the fifth one) and the percentage of regenerating explants (from 34% on the first date to 93% on the fifth one). Disinfection and regeneration results were better for the apical buds than the axillary buds. Soaking explants in nystatin before surface disinfection or using a medium with an antibiotic increased the effectiveness of disinfection (even by 27–46%, depending on the combination) and did not inhibit the regeneration of explants. At the shoot propagation stage, the multiplication rate was twice as high for the shoots originating from the apical buds (5.5 per explant) than for those originating from the axillary buds. The addition of yellow light to the red and blue light (RBY) spectrum increased the multiplication rate, and the addition of green light to the red and blue (RBG) spectrum increased the fresh weight of the shoots. The highest content of chlorophyll a was found in the shoots propagated under RB, as well as RBY and RBG light.This study provides a method for ornamental grass Pennisetum ‘Vertigo®’ in vitro culture initiation and shoot multiplication under different LED light qualities. The culture was initiated from field-cultivated plants collected from the 1st to 30th October at weekly intervals. Later dates of collecting shoot tips increased the effectiveness of surface disinfection (from 46% on the first date to 93% on the fifth one) and the percentage of regenerating explants (from 34% on the first date to 93% on the fifth one). Disinfection and regeneration results were better for the apical buds than the axillary buds. Soaking explants in nystatin before surface disinfection or using a medium with an antibiotic increased the effectiveness of disinfection (even by 27–46%, depending on the combination) and did not inhibit the regeneration of explants. At the shoot propagation stage, the multiplication rate was twice as high for the shoots originating from the apical buds (5.5 per explant) than for those originating from the axillary buds. The addition of yellow light to the red and blue light (RBY) spectrum increased the multiplication rate, and the addition of green light to the red and blue (RBG) spectrum increased the fresh weight of the shoots. The highest content of chlorophyll a was found in the shoots propagated under RB, as well as RBY and RBG light
Usługi ekosystemowe Parku Zdrojowego w Nałęczowie
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to determine the biophysical and monetary value of ecosystem services of the Spa Park in Nałęczów. It was also important to learn about the significance of the individual functions of the Park for the public as well as about the most valuable category of ecosystem services. The following hypotheses were formulated in this study: therapeutic, natural, and recreational functions are the most important functions of the Park, while provisioning services are the most valuable category of its ecosystem services. The study assumed that the public was ready to bear the costs of the possibility to use a healthy environment, benefits and services provided by the park, and willing to demand compensation for restrictions on the access to these benefits and services. The research was based on the analysis of the literature on the subject and a field survey. The methods used to estimate the value of ecosystem services included: observation and survey walk, document analysis, and contingent valuation method. The park was found to provide several ecosystem services arising from its multi-functional character, which translates into their high value. The respondents regarded provisioning services as the most valuable category of ecosystem services, while therapeutic, natural, and recreational functions as the most valuable.Celem badań była próba oszacowania wartości świadczeń ekosystemowych Parku Zdrojowego w Nałęczowie oraz pozyskanie wiedzy na temat znaczenia dla społeczeństwa poszczególnych jego funkcji oraz najcenniejszej kategorii usług ekosystemowych. W pracy postawiono następujące hipotezy badawcze: najważniejszymi funkcjami pełnionymi przez park są funkcje lecznicze, środowiskowe i wypoczynkowe, natomiast najcenniejszą kategorią jego usług ekosystemowych są usługi zaopatrzeniowe. W pracy założono, że społeczeństwo jest gotowe ponosić koszty z tytułu możliwości korzystania ze zdrowego środowiska oraz z dóbr i usług pochodzących z parku, a także żądać rekompensaty za ograniczenie dostępu do tych dóbr i usług. Badania poprzedzono analizą literatury przedmiotu oraz wizją lokalną. Do oszacowania wartości usług ekosystemowych wykorzystano metody wyceny, takie jak obserwacja i spacer badawczy, analiza dokumentów, oraz metodę wyceny warunkowej. Badania potwierdziły, że park pełni szereg usług ekosystemowych wynikających z jego wielofunkcyjności, co przekłada się na wysoką wartość tych usług. Najcenniejszą kategorią usług ekosystemowych są usługi zaopatrujące, a najważniejszymi funkcjami są funkcje lecznicze i środowiskowe oraz wypoczynkowe
Zmiany składu roślinności łąkowej i leśnej w wyniku ekstensywnego wypasu koników polskich
Get PDFThe use of animals, including Polish ponies, by grazing in protected, environmentally valuable, revitalized or damaged areas is of increasing importance. The studies analyzed the changes that took place in the newly made available part of the area for grazing Polish horses. The analysis covered forest and meadow sites and included changes in species composition, number of species, and two indices were estimated: Shannon and Simpson. The obtained results indicate that greater changes were recorded in the case of meadow than forest sites. Their natural value increased, because the level of species diversity and equality, which in their case was much lower at the beginning of the research compared to forest sites, has become similar to them.Wykorzystanie zwierząt, w tym także koników polskich, poprzez wypas na terenach chronionych, cennych przyrodniczo, poddawanych rewitalizacji czy przyrodniczo zniszczonych ma coraz szersze znaczenie. W badaniach przeprowadzono analizy zmian, jakie zaszły na nowo udostępnionym fragmencie terenu pod wypas koników polskich. Analizą objęto stanowiska leśne oraz łąkowe i uwzględniono w niej zmiany składu gatunkowego, liczby gatunków, a także obliczono dwa indeksy: Shannona i Simpsona. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że większe zmiany odnotowano w przypadku stanowisk łąkowych niż leśnych. Wzrosła ich cenność przyrodnicza, bowiem poziom różnorodności i równocenności gatunkowej, który był zdecydowanie niższy na początku badań w porównaniu ze stanowiskami leśnymi, został wyrównany
Ocena potencjału produkcyjnego rolnictwa oraz efektywności jego wykorzystania w Polsce i na Ukrainie
Get PDFThe aim of the paper was a comparative assessment of the agricultural sector of Poland and Ukraine, considering their productive potential and its efficient utilisation. The source material was data from FAOSTAT database for the period from 2010 to 2020. Based on these, a number of indicators were calculated. The production potential was evaluated based on the resources of production factors and the relationship between them, cropland per capita and the importance of agriculture to the economy, while its efficiency was measured according to the value of agricultural output, gross value added and land and labour productivity. The study showed that, in the analysed period, Ukraine featured a higher agricultural production potential determined by land and labour resources. In addition, this sector was more significant to the national economy than in Poland as in 2020 it engaged approx. 17% of all labour resources (9.5% in Poland) and generated more than 9% of gross value added (2.7% in Poland). However, the utilisation of land and labour resources was considerably less effective in Ukraine than in Poland. In the analysed years, land productivity in Poland was nearly four times higher than in Ukraine, while the level of labour productivity was two times higher in Poland. Since Poland is among the European Union’s member states featuring the lowest labour productivity in agriculture, its level in Ukraine should be evaluated as very low.Celem opracowania była ocena porównawcza sektora rolnego Polski i Ukrainy, z uwzględnieniem jego potencjału produkcyjnego i efektywności jego wykorzystania. Materiał źródłowy stanowiły dane pochodzące z bazy danych FAOSTAT z lat 2010-2020. Potencjał produkcyjny oceniano na podstawie zasobów czynników produkcji i relacji pomiędzy nimi, a jego efektywność w oparciu o wartość produkcji, wartość dodaną brutto oraz produktywność ziemi i pracy. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że Ukraina odznaczała się w badanym okresie większym potencjałem produkcyjnym rolnictwa wyznaczanym przez zasoby ziemi i pracy. Ponadto sektor ten odgrywał większą niż w Polsce rolę w gospodarce narodowej, angażując w 2020 roku ok. 17% całkowitych zasobów pracy (w Polsce 9,5%) oraz generując ponad 9% wartości dodanej brutto (w Polsce 2,7%). Efektywność wykorzystania zasobów ziemi i pracy była jednak na Ukrainie znacznie niższa niż w Polsce. Produktywność ziemi w Polsce w badanych latach była blisko 4-krotnie wyższa niż na Ukrainie, natomiast produktywność pracy osiągała poziom 2-krotnie wyższy. Biorąc pod uwagę, że Polska jest krajem o jednej z najniższych produktywności pracy w rolnictwie w Unii Europejskiej, należy ocenić jej poziom na Ukrainie jako bardzo niski
Wpływ metody strip-till na plonowanie i jakość ziarna pszenicy ozimej w zależności od odmiany i zakresu uprawy pożniwnej. Część I. Plon
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine the variability in yield of strip-tilled winter wheat in relation to the extent of post-harvest tillage and variety. The first factor were tillage methods: plow - medium deep plowing + strip tillage combined with wheat sowing (UO); simplified - mulched stubble with a disc unit + strip tillage combined with wheat sowing (UU); zero tillage - strip tillage of mulched stubble combined with wheat sowing (UZ). The second factor were 3 cultivars: Formacja, Metronom, and Desamo. The experiment was established using the split-block method in 4 replications. Cultivars significantly differentiated grain yields. The highest yield was obtained from the Formacja cultivar, and the lowest from Desamo. The range of tillage treatments preceding strip-till sowing of wheat had a significant effect on its yield. Significantly higher yields were obtained when this tillage method was applied after plowing beforehand.Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie zmienności plonowania pszenicy ozimej uprawianej pasowo w zależności od zakresu uprawy pożniwnej oraz odmiany. Pierwszym czynnikiem był sposób uprawy roli: płużny – orka siewna średnio głęboka + uprawa pasowa połączona z siewem pszenicy (UO); uproszczony – zruszenie ścierni agregatem talerzowym + uprawa pasowa połączona z siewem pszenicy (UU); zerowy – uprawa pasowa zmulczowanej ścierni połączona z siewem pszenicy (UZ). Drugim czynnikiem były 3 odmiany: Formacja, Metronom i Desamo. Doświadczenie założono metodą split-block w 4 powtórzeniach. Odmiany istotnie różnicowały plony ziarna. Najwyższy plon uzyskano z odmiany Formacja, a najniższy z Desamo. Zakres zabiegów uprawowych poprzedzających siew pszenicy metodą strip-till miał istotny wpływ na jej plonowanie. Istotnie wyższy plon uzyskano w przypadku stosowania tej metody uprawy po wykonanej wcześniej orce
Ekonomiczne aspekty uprawy ziemniaka jadalnego w zależności od sposobu pielęgnacji plantacji przed chwastami
Get PDFThe rationale for farming, including the edible potato, is to achieve the desired economic effect. A frequently used measure in economic analysis is the gross margin. It is calculated on the basis of the production achieved and the direct costs incurred. One of the main production costs is the cost of agricultural inputs related to, among other things, the care of plantations against weeds, which can be mechanical, chemical or mechanical-chemical. The purpose of the paper was comparison of the production and economic results of edible potato cultivar Eurostar in the period of two years (2021 and 2022) including two different ways of plantation care against weeds. The first object included mechanical treatments – weeding performed three times: before emergence, 2 times dunging and 1 time dunging after emergence combined with a weeder. The second method of plantation care included double dunging and herbicide application – Avatar 293 ZC. Before emergence, weeding was applied twice and immediately after the last weeding – about 7 days before the appearance of the first potato plant emergence a chemical treatment with the herbicide at a dose of 1.5 dm3 ha–1 was applied. The research material consisted of tubers of edible potato Eurostar cultivar from a two-year field experiment. Mechanical and chemical treatments provided both higher yields and a level of profitability of studied edible potato.The rationale for farming, including the edible potato, is to achieve the desired economic effect. A frequently used measure in economic analysis is the gross margin. It is calculated on the basis of the production achieved and the direct costs incurred. One of the main production costs is the cost of agricultural inputs related to, among other things, the care of plantations against weeds, which can be mechanical, chemical or mechanical-chemical. The purpose of the paper was comparison of the production and economic results of edible potato cultivar Eurostar in the period of two years (2021 and 2022) including two different ways of plantation care against weeds. The first object included mechanical treatments – weeding performed three times: before emergence, 2 times dunging and 1 time dunging after emergence combined with a weeder. The second method of plantation care included double dunging and herbicide application – Avatar 293 ZC. Before emergence, weeding was applied twice and immediately after the last weeding – about 7 days before the appearance of the first potato plant emergence a chemical treatment with the herbicide at a dose of 1.5 dm3 ha–1 was applied. The research material consisted of tubers of edible potato Eurostar cultivar from a two-year field experiment. Mechanical and chemical treatments provided both higher yields and a level of profitability of studied edible potato
Effect of chitosan on post-harvest shelf life of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.)
Get PDFPersimmon is a climacteric fruit and very perishable. Changes in several physiological attributes greatly affect its quality and market value. The current study was designed to assess the effect of chitosan solution (an edible coating material that can improve postharvest performance) on physico-chemical attributes of persimmon fruit during storage. Persimmon fruits were harvested, cleaned and then dipped in various chitosan concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) for 5, 10 and 15 min. The treated fruits were stored at 25–29°C, 55–70% RH for 28 days. Results indicated that fruits coated with 3% chitosan solution had maximum volume, firmness, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and minimum juice, TSS, pH, TSS/acid ratio, decay incidence and weight loss. Similarly, the performance was better in fruits dipped for 15 min. It was concluded that persimmon fruits dipped in 3% chitosan solution for 15 min could improve its postharvest performance when stored under ambient condition.Persimmon is a climacteric fruit and very perishable. Changes in several physiological attributes greatly affect its quality and market value. The current study was designed to assess the effect of chitosan solution (an edible coating material that can improve postharvest performance) on physico-chemical attributes of persimmon fruit during storage. Persimmon fruits were harvested, cleaned and then dipped in various chitosan concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) for 5, 10 and 15 min. The treated fruits were stored at 25–29°C, 55–70% RH for 28 days. Results indicated that fruits coated with 3% chitosan solution had maximum volume, firmness, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity and minimum juice, TSS, pH, TSS/acid ratio, decay incidence and weight loss. Similarly, the performance was better in fruits dipped for 15 min. It was concluded that persimmon fruits dipped in 3% chitosan solution for 15 min could improve its postharvest performance when stored under ambient condition
Tüketicilerin Dijital Etkileyicileri Takip Etme Motivasyonları ve Satın Alma Niyetleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
No full textSon zamanlarda dilimize “Influencer” şeklinde yansımış olan sosyal medya etkileyicileri, bir diğer deyişle dijital etkileyiciler, etkileyici pazarlamanın önemli birer aktörleri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Söz konusu aktörler moda, güzellik, sağlık ve seyahat gibi alanlarda uzmanlıkla içerik üreten, üretimlerini geniş bir takipçi ağına aktarıp onlarla doğrudan iletişim kuran ve onların satın alma kararlarını yönlendiren dijital etkileyicilerdir. Çalışmada kullanımlar ve doyumlar yaklaşımından hareketle tüketicilerin etkileyicileri takip etme motivasyonlarının ortaya konulması ve söz konusu motivasyonlar ile satın alma niyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Belirlenen amaçlara ulaşmak için 385 kişiye çevrim içi anket uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunu kadınlar ve 18-29 yaş aralığı oluşturmuştur. Takip edilen etkileyici sayısının en fazla 1-3 arasında olduğu; sırasıyla moda, güzellik ve bakım ve eğlence gibi uzmanlık alanlarına daha fazla katılım gösterildiği tespit edilmiştir. Etkileyicileri takip etme motivasyonlarına yönelik özgünlük, tüketici yönlü bilgilendirme, ilham alma ve özenme şeklinde dört boyut ön plana çıkmıştır. Bunların yanı sıra etkileyicileri takip etme motivasyonları ile satın alma niyeti arasında orta düzeyde pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek için yapılan analizlerde cinsiyet ile satın alma niyeti; eğitim ve gelir değişkeni ile de takip etme motivasyonları arasında anlamlı bir farklılaşmanın olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır