Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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A NEW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS OF MAJOR PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES BASED ON VOICE ANALYSIS
No full textBackground: Speech features are essential components of psychiatric examinations, serving as important markers in the recognition and monitoring of mental illnesses. This study aims to develop a new clinical decision support system based on artificial intelligence, utilizing speech signals to distinguish between bipolar, depressive, anxiety and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Subjects and methods: A total of 79 patients, who were admitted to the psychiatry clinic between 2020-2021, including 15 with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 24 with anxiety disorders, 25 with depressive disorders, and 15 with bipolar affective disorder, alongside with 25 healthy individuals were included in the study. The speech signal dataset was created by recording participants’ readings of two texts determined by the Russell emotion model. The number of speech samples was increased by using random sampling in speech signals. The sample audio signals were decomposed into time-frequency coe?cients using Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT). Feature extraction was performed using each coe?cient obtained from both Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coe?cients (MFCC) and Gammatone Cepstral Coe?cient (GTCC) methods. The disorder classification was carried out using k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. Results: The success rate of the developed model in distinguishing the disorders was 96.943%. While the kNN model exhibited the highest performance in diagnosing bipolar disorder, it performed the least effectively in detecting depressive disorders. Whereas, the SVM model demonstrated close and high performance in detecting anxiety and psychosis, but its performance was low in identifying bipolar disorder. The findings support the utilization of speech analysis for distinguishing major psychiatric disorders. In this regard, the future development of artificial intelligence-based systems has the potential to enhance the psychiatric diagnosis process. © Medicinska naklada – Zagreb, Croatia
The temporal changes of pigments content and key enzyme activities during autumnal turning period of Pistacia chinensis bunge
Get PDFIn this study, the temporal regularity of pigments and key enzyme intermediates of Pistacia chinensis Bunge in the color-changing period was investigated to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the mechanism of leaf discoloration. The pigment content and activities of key enzymes of P. chinensis during leaf discoloration were investigated. The correlation between leaf discoloration and environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, light) was also analyzed. During the color change, the chlorophyll content decreased, while no significant change in the carotenoid content was observed. The anthocyanin content significantly increased in the middle of the period of color change. The ratios of carotenoids/chlorophyll and anthocyanins/chlorophyll showed an upward trend during the period of color change. The lightness parameter (L) and hue parameter (B) of P. chinensis Bunge leaves showed a fluctuating tendency, reaching the highest value at the beginning of color conversion. The hue parameter (A) showed an upward trend at the color conversion stage. The 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG) values showed an upward-downward-upward trend. The contents of ALA and PBG at the end of the color transformation were 2.01 times and 2.88 times higher than those at the beginning. The activity of phenylalaninammo-nialyase increased during the color change period. Chalcone isomerase and chalcone synthase first increased, then declined, reaching their highest level in the middle of color conversion, 261.0 u/g and 157.3 u/g, respectively. Although the activities of both enzymes declined at the end of the color conversion, they were higher than at the beginning of the color change. Anthocyanin content was negatively correlated with temperature, relative humidity, day length, and chalcone isomerase, whereas it was positively correlated with phenylalaninammo-nialyase. The results revealed the reasons for the discoloration of P. chinensis leaves in autumn and thus should be considered when exploring the mechanism of color-changing plants and performing color-changing plant applications
The effect of foliar application of amino acids on some nutritional properties, antioxidant capacity and some other physiologic parameters of african marigold (Tagetes erecta L.), Taishan ‘Yellow’ and ‘Orange’
Get PDFAfrican marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is one of the most well-known ornamental, medicinal and edible flowers in the world. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 20 treatments in 3 replications, 60 plots and 5 plants per plot were conducted in order to investigate the effect of amino acids on growth, nutritional parameters and antioxidant capacity in African marigold. Experimental treatments included two cultivars of African marigold (‘Yellow’ and ‘Orange’) and foliar application of three amino acids (arginine, glutamine and proline) each one at three levels (100, 500 and 1000 μM). Distilled water was used as control. The results showed that the application of amino acids increased plant height, display life, fresh weight and dry matter of flower, leaf total chlorophyll and petal carotenoid compared to the control in both African marigold cultivars. Petal protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA) were not affected by the above treatments, but the use of amino acids, especially arginine and proline, increased proline and calcium, zinc and iron in the petals of both African marigold cultivars. Treatments of 100 μM arginine and 1000 μM proline induced the highest vitamin C in both African marigold cultivars. In ‘Orange’ cultivar, the highest enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) belonged to 1000 μM proline and the highest peroxidase (POD) activity belonged to two treatments of 100 μM arginine and 1000 μM proline. In ‘Yellow’ cultivar, all three levels of arginine and proline together with 1000 μM glutamine significantly increased SOD and POD activity compared to other treatments. Also, the highest APX enzyme activity was recorded for 100 μM arginine. The results of the present study showed that external application of amino acids, especially arginine and proline, improved the nutritional properties of both African marigold cultivars by increasing the activity of antioxidants.African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is one of the most well-known ornamental, medicinal and edible flowers in the world. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 20 treatments in 3 replications, 60 plots and 5 plants per plot were conducted in order to investigate the effect of amino acids on growth, nutritional parameters and antioxidant capacity in African marigold. Experimental treatments included two cultivars of African marigold (‘Yellow’ and ‘Orange’) and foliar application of three amino acids (arginine, glutamine and proline) each one at three levels (100, 500 and 1000 μM). Distilled water was used as control. The results showed that the application of amino acids increased plant height, display life, fresh weight and dry matter of flower, leaf total chlorophyll and petal carotenoid compared to the control in both African marigold cultivars. Petal protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA) were not affected by the above treatments, but the use of amino acids, especially arginine and proline, increased proline and calcium, zinc and iron in the petals of both African marigold cultivars. Treatments of 100 μM arginine and 1000 μM proline induced the highest vitamin C in both African marigold cultivars. In ‘Orange’ cultivar, the highest enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) belonged to 1000 μM proline and the highest peroxidase (POD) activity belonged to two treatments of 100 μM arginine and 1000 μM proline. In ‘Yellow’ cultivar, all three levels of arginine and proline together with 1000 μM glutamine significantly increased SOD and POD activity compared to other treatments. Also, the highest APX enzyme activity was recorded for 100 μM arginine. The results of the present study showed that external application of amino acids, especially arginine and proline, improved the nutritional properties of both African marigold cultivars by increasing the activity of antioxidants
Effects of zinc-nano oxide, salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside on physiological properties, antioxidant enzyme activities and secondary metabolites of Viola odorata under drought stress
Get PDFOne of the most important abiotic stresses and limiting factors (closing pores, lack of CO2 entry, reduced photosynthesis, and reduced yield) of plant products around the world is water-deficit stress. This study aimed to examine the water deficit stress and foliar application with anti-stress compounds (ASC) on characteristics of Viola odorata. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete design. The factors consisted of water deficit and the foliar application of ASC at six levels [zinc-nano oxide (ZnO, 1000 and 1500 mg l–1), salicylic acid (SA, 200 and 300 mg l–1), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 200 and 300 μM)], and the control. The water deficit reduced the leaf water potential, cell membrane stability, and the shoot and root fresh weight but increased electrolyte leakage and soluble sugar accumulation. However, foliar applications, particularly SA and SNP, positively affected the measured parameters. The activities of superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase at all three field capacity levels were higher in the plants treated with SA and SNP than in the control and plants treated with ZnO. In sum, using 200 mg l–1 of SA as a foliar application, in addition to improvement of the growth and developmental conditions of the aromatic violet plant, moderated the adverse effects of water deficit stress and increased the plant resistance to water deficit stress. Based on the results, the application of SA, SNP, and ZnO reduced electrolyte leakage and enhanced the plant’s resistance to water deficit by increasing the compatible osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity.One of the most important abiotic stresses and limiting factors (closing pores, lack of CO2 entry, reduced photosynthesis, and reduced yield) of plant products around the world is water-deficit stress. This study aimed to examine the water deficit stress and foliar application with anti-stress compounds (ASC) on characteristics of Viola odorata. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete design. The factors consisted of water deficit and the foliar application of ASC at six levels [zinc-nano oxide (ZnO, 1000 and 1500 mg l–1), salicylic acid (SA, 200 and 300 mg l–1), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 200 and 300 μM)], and the control. The water deficit reduced the leaf water potential, cell membrane stability, and the shoot and root fresh weight but increased electrolyte leakage and soluble sugar accumulation. However, foliar applications, particularly SA and SNP, positively affected the measured parameters. The activities of superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase at all three field capacity levels were higher in the plants treated with SA and SNP than in the control and plants treated with ZnO. In sum, using 200 mg l–1 of SA as a foliar application, in addition to improvement of the growth and developmental conditions of the aromatic violet plant, moderated the adverse effects of water deficit stress and increased the plant resistance to water deficit stress. Based on the results, the application of SA, SNP, and ZnO reduced electrolyte leakage and enhanced the plant’s resistance to water deficit by increasing the compatible osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity
The influence of chilling hours on root starch content, growth and yield of strawberry tray plants
Get PDFThe chilling requirements of two strawberry cultivars (‘Sonata’, ‘Albion’) were assessed by evaluating the starch accumulation levels in the tray plants’ root system and their subsequent growth and yielding. The research was conducted in an experimental orchard and a greenhouse of the National Institute of Horticultural Research in Skierniewice, Poland, in 2017–2019 (2 cycles of obtaining planting material and growing plants). The tray plants (rooted tips) were grown in the natural field conditions until they were transferred in batches to a cold store (–2°C) on five different dates: 12 Oct., 30 Oct., 20 Nov., 11 Dec., and 3 Jan. (of the following year). The number of accumulated chilling hours less than 7°C was recorded for each transfer date, and the roots were analysed for starch content at the time of transfer. After the end of cold storage (3 months, standardised for all treatments), the plants were planted in pots and transferred to a greenhouse to assess growth and plant yielding. The obtained results indicate that chilling induces changes in the extent of starch accumulation. The highest starch accumulation in ‘Sonata’ roots was recorded when the plants received about 500 h of chilling (under Polish conditions accumulated in November/December). In the ‘Albion’ strawberry case, the maximum was found at the lower chilling level – about 300 h (middle of November). The highest fruit yields were produced by ‘Sonata’ plants, for which the number of chilling hours (0–7°C) was 500–800 h. In the case of ‘Albion’, the values were 2–3 times lower. A more extended period of keeping tray plants in field conditions (over 1000 h of chilling) resulted in a deterioration in fruit yield
Pokrzywa jako funkcyjny dodatek do żywności, suplementów diety i kosmetyków
Get PDFThe continually growing trend of a healthy lifestyle, together with significant advances in food and cosmetics technology, has prompted manufacturers to increase the functionality of their products. Food, diet supplements, and cosmetics containing common nettle (Urtica dioica L.), which is included among superfoods, have high utility value and multiple health-promoting properties. These properties undoubtedly stem from the presence of biologically active compounds. As a natural form of fortification of many products, nettle is a herb with strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunostimulatory properties. In the food sector it is found mainly in products such as honey, biscuits, tea, and juice, as well as in diet supplements. In the cosmetics sector, nettle is an ingredient in shampoos as well as in facial masks or face scrubs. Directing consumers towards products based on natural ingredients, and manufacturers towards exploitation of the potential of bioactive substances contained in plants, promotes the use of natural materials, including nettles, as components of a wide range of commercially available products.Stale rosnący trend zdrowego stylu życia oraz znaczny postęp technologii spożywczej oraz kosmetycznej skłania producentów do zwiększania funkcjonalności kreowanych produktów. Zarówno żywność, suplementy diety, jak i kosmetyki na bazie lub z dodatkiem pokrzywy zwyczajnej (Urtica dioica L.), zaliczanej do superfoods, posiadają wysoką wartość użytkową oraz szereg właściwości wspomagających zdrowie. Właściwości te niewątpliwie wynikają z obecności związków biologicznie aktywnych. Jako naturalna forma fortyfikacji wielu produktów, pokrzywa należy do ziół o silnych właściwościach przeciwzapalnych, przeciwutleniających czy immunostymulujących. W sektorze spożywczym występuje głównie w produktach takich jak miód, ciastka, herbata lub sok, a także w suplementach diety. W sektorze kosmetycznym pokrzywa jest komponentem szamponów, ale także maseczek czy peelingów. Ukierunkowanie konsumentów na produkty oparte o naturalne składniki a producentów na wykorzystanie potencjału substancji bioaktywnych zawartych w roślinach wpływa bezpośrednio na wykorzystanie surowców naturalnych, w tym pokrzywy, jako komponentów szerokiej gamy produktów dostępnych na rynku
Wpływ kannabidiolu na rytm serca, stężenie kortyzolu w ślinie i czas podejścia do przedmiotu w testach lękliwości u koni rekreacyjnych – badanie pilotażowe
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) on the heart rate, salivary cortisol concentration and approach time of horses subjected to fear tests. The study involved 20 Polish sport horses, divided into a research group and a control group. Research group was given 100 mg of CBD daily for 21 days. Both groups were subjected to two fear tests in three studies: before the start of supplementation, on day 10th and 11th and on day 20th and 21st of supplementation. Heart rate and saliva sampling to determine salivary cortisol levels were performed before and immediately after each fear test for both groups. In addition, the approach time to both objects was measured in both fear tests. The study showed no statistically significant difference in cortisol concentration and heart rate between the research group and the control group. There was statistically significant differences between the groups in approach time in three studies. Results of the study didn’t prove the anti-anxiety effect of CBD on the horse's body, but shortening the approach time to the object gives grounds for further research on the anti-anxiety effect of CBD in horses.Celem pracy była ocena wpływu kannabidiolu (CBD) na rytm serca, stężenie kortyzolu w ślinie oraz czas podejścia do przedmiotu u koni poddanych testom lękliwości. W badaniu uwzględniono 20 koni rasy polski koń sportowy, podzielonych na grupę badawczą oraz kontrolną. Koniom z grupy badawczej podawano codziennie przez 21 dni CBD w ilości 100 mg. Obie grupy były poddane dwóm testom lękliwości: przed rozpoczęciem suplementacji, w 10 i 11 oraz 20 i 21 dniu suplementacji. Pomiar rytmu serca oraz pobranie śliny w celu wyznaczenia stężenia kortyzolu w ślinie, wykonano przed i zaraz po zakończeniu każdego testu dla obu grup. Dodatkowo zmierzono czas podejścia do przedmiotu w obu testach lękliwości. W badaniach nie wykazano istotnej statystycznie różnicy w stężeniu kortyzolu i rytmie serca pomiędzy grupą badawczą a kontrolną. Wykazano znaczące statystycznie różnice pomiędzy grupami w czasie podejścia do przedmiotu w trzech badaniach. Uzyskane wyniki nie świadczą w sposób jednoznaczny o przeciwlękowym działaniu CBD na organizm konia, ale skrócenie czasu podejścia do przedmiotu daje podstawy do dalszych badań nad przeciwlękowym działaniem CBD u koni
Wpływ nawożenia dolistnego na plonowanie i skład chemiczny nasion rzepaku ozimego (Brassica napus L.)
Get PDFFoliar fertilization is an effective treatment increasing the size and quality of crops. A strict field experiment was carried out in the 2019/2020–2020/2021 seasons at the experimental station of the Podkarpackie Agricultural Advisory Center in Boguchwała. The aim of the research was to determine the reaction of winter oilseed rape (cultivar DK Platinium F1) to varied spring foliar fertilization (nitrogen and boron). The one-factor experiment was set up in a random block design with four replications. It was shown that the yield and quality of winter rape seeds were variable in the years of the research. In 2021, the average yield was higher by 0.2 t·ha–1 compared to 2020. The highest protein and fat content in seeds was obtained in 2021. Double and triple foliar fertilization had a positive effect on the seed yield in relation to control. The obtained significant difference was 0.21 and 0.24 t·ha–1, respectively. Triple foliar fertilization increased the protein concentration in the seeds by 8 g·kg–1 compared to the control, with a stable fat content. Therefore, this variant can be recommended for agricultural practice.Nawożenie dolistne jest skutecznym zabiegiem zwiększającym wielkość i jakość plonu roślin uprawnych. Ścisłe doświadczenie polowe przeprowadzono w sezonach 2019/2020–2020/2021 w stacji doświadczalnej Podkarpackiego Ośrodka Doradztwa Rolniczego w Boguchwale. Celem badań było określenie reakcji rzepaku ozimego (odmiana DK Platinium F1) na zróżnicowane wiosenne nawożenie dolistne (azot i bor). Jednoczynnikowy eksperyment założono w układzie losowych bloków w czterech powtórzeniach. Wykazano, że wielkość i jakość plonu nasion rzepaku ozimego była zmienna w latach badań. W 2021 r. średni plon był wyższy o 0,2 t·ha–1 w porównaniu z 2020 r. Najwyższą zawartość białka i tłuszczu w nasionach uzyskano w 2021 r. Dwukrotne i trzykrotne nawożenie dolistne wpłynęło korzystnie na plon nasion w odniesieniu do kontroli. Uzyskana istotna różnica wyniosła odpowiednio 4,5 i 5,2%. Trzykrotne nawożenie dolistne zwiększyło koncentrację białka w nasionach o 8 g·kg–1 w porównaniu z kontrolą, przy stabilnej zawartości tłuszczu. Wariant ten można zatem polecać dla praktyki rolniczej
Wpływ systemów uprawy na zmiany ilościowe dominujących gatunków chwastów
Get PDFA field experiment was established to evaluate quantitative changes in weed species prevailing in a crop rotation and a 30-year cereal monoculture. The subject of the study included cropping systems: a) crop rotation, and b) cereal monoculture. First (1989–1992) and second (1993–1996) rotation focused on weed infestation of winter triticale in crop rotation and monoculture; third (1997–2000) and fourth (2001–2004) focused on weed infestation of winter wheat; fifth (2005–2008), sixth (2009–2012), seventh (2013–2015) and eighth (2016–2018) focused on weed infestation of spring wheat. The prevailing weed species included: Apera spica-venti, Avena fatua, Galium aparine, Fallopia convolvulus, Stellaria media, Viola arvensis, Anthemis arvensis, Veronica persica, Consolida regalis, and Papaver rhoeas. Among these, A. spica-venti predominated in the winter cereals whereas A. fatua in the spring ones. Numbers of A. spica-venti and A. fatua plants were several times higher in the monoculture than in the crop rotation. The substitution of winter cereals with spring ones in cultivation decreased A. spica-venti population in the spring cereals, but increased the population of A. fatua, particularly in the monoculture.A field experiment was established to evaluate quantitative changes in weed species prevailing in a crop rotation and a 30-year cereal monoculture. The subject of the study included cropping systems: a) crop rotation, and b) cereal monoculture. First (1989–1992) and second (1993–1996) rotation focused on weed infestation of winter triticale in crop rotation and monoculture; third (1997–2000) and fourth (2001–2004) focused on weed infestation of winter wheat; fifth (2005–2008), sixth (2009–2012), seventh (2013–2015) and eighth (2016–2018) focused on weed infestation of spring wheat. The prevailing weed species included: Apera spica-venti, Avena fatua, Galium aparine, Fallopia convolvulus, Stellaria media, Viola arvensis, Anthemis arvensis, Veronica persica, Consolida regalis, and Papaver rhoeas. Among these, A. spica-venti predominated in the winter cereals whereas A. fatua in the spring ones. Numbers of A. spica-venti and A. fatua plants were several times higher in the monoculture than in the crop rotation. The substitution of winter cereals with spring ones in cultivation decreased A. spica-venti population in the spring cereals, but increased the population of A. fatua, particularly in the monoculture
Application of living mulch in rows of the apple trees on several rootstocks – long-term evaluation
Get PDFThe long-term influence of several living mulches on apple tree growth, nutrient status, yield, and fruit quality concerning the year of cover crop sowing in tree rows was evaluated in the Lower Silesia region in the southwestern part of Poland. The estimation was conducted in six apple tree ‘Ligol’ populations differentiated by the rootstock: M.26, M.9, P 60, P 2, P 16, and P 22. In experiment no. 1, one-year-old nursery stock was planted, and perennial living mulches were sown: colonial bent grass (Agrostis vulgaris With.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in the same year and blue fescue (Festuca ovina L.) in the following year. In experiment no. 2, which involved two-year-old stock, the sowing of blue fescue was delayed until the second, third, fourth, and fifth years following orchard planting.
The presence of the cover crop significantly affected young tree growth when one-year-old trees were planted. The sowing of the living mulch in the first or the second year after tree planting led to a significant reduction in the cumulative yield obtained from the young trees. The living mulch improved the red coloration of the fruit skin in the young orchard, but it caused a reduction in the mean fruit weight and size. However, it also contributed to decreased nitrogen concentration in the leaves of the apple trees, and the tree tolerance to living mulch increased as the orchard aged. A choice of semidwarf rootstock, postponed sowing of cover crop, and high-quality nursery stock were recognized as the most important factors for fostering apple tree tolerance to living mulches in tree rows.The long-term influence of several living mulches on apple tree growth, nutrient status, yield, and fruit quality concerning the year of cover crop sowing in tree rows was evaluated in the Lower Silesia region in the southwestern part of Poland. The estimation was conducted in six apple tree ‘Ligol’ populations differentiated by the rootstock: M.26, M.9, P 60, P 2, P 16, and P 22. In experiment no. 1, one-year-old nursery stock was planted, and perennial living mulches were sown: colonial bent grass (Agrostis vulgaris With.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in the same year and blue fescue (Festuca ovina L.) in the following year. In experiment no. 2, which involved two-year-old stock, the sowing of blue fescue was delayed until the second, third, fourth, and fifth years following orchard planting.
The presence of the cover crop significantly affected young tree growth when one-year-old trees were planted. The sowing of the living mulch in the first or the second year after tree planting led to a significant reduction in the cumulative yield obtained from the young trees. The living mulch improved the red coloration of the fruit skin in the young orchard, but it caused a reduction in the mean fruit weight and size. However, it also contributed to decreased nitrogen concentration in the leaves of the apple trees, and the tree tolerance to living mulch increased as the orchard aged. A choice of semidwarf rootstock, postponed sowing of cover crop, and high-quality nursery stock were recognized as the most important factors for fostering apple tree tolerance to living mulches in tree rows