Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczy w Lublinie
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Is hepatitis-B immunization effective during chronic liver fibrosis? Investigation of secretory and cellular immune responses on an experimental model
No full textObjective Adults with end-stage of chronic liver diseases have lower antibody titers after hepatitis-B vaccination. We have less amount of knowledge about the effect of non-viral cause chronic liver fibrosis on vaccination. In this study, we investigated the effect of non-viral chronic liver fibrosis on hepatitis B vaccine and the effect of tetanous toxoid co-administration at the level of humoral and cellular immune responses in an experimental model. Methods Hepatitis B vaccine was administered either alone or in combination with tetanus toxoid in thioacetamide-induced fibrotic BALB/c mice. Fibrosis level was determined by Knodell scoring. Anti-HBsAg, biochemical parameters, inflammatory (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha), and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine levels were investigated in serum samples by automated systems and ELISA; respectively. Frequencies of activated lymphocytes were determined in flow cytometer. Results Antibody titers significantly decreased after immunization of fibrotic mice. However, co-administration of toxoid significantly elevated antibody titer. The percentage of CD19(+)CD69(+) B lymphocytes was found to be lower in vaccinated fibrotic group compared to vaccinated naive group. Simultaneous administration of toxoid significantly increased the frequencies of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressing CD69 and CD127. Interestingly, CD19(+)CD5(+)CD1(high) Breg cells were significantly reduced in the group vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and toxoid, simultaneously. The reduction in Breg percentage did not expose a significant decrease in the level of IL-10. Conclusion Non-viral chronic liver fibrosis causes a reduction on specific antibody level after vaccination. Reduction on Breg cell frequency may have an effect on elevation of antibody level after co-administration of tetanus toxoid.Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Unit [2016/137]This work was supported by the Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Unit under grant number 2016/137
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Using Gnri and Mis as a Predictor of Mortality in Elderly Hemodialysis Patients
No full textBackground: Malnutrition is one of the most common geriatric syndromes in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Although there is no gold standard for evaluating nutritional status in HD patients, the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS) are widely used in clinical settings. Aim: To examine the efficacy of using Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS) as a predictor of mortality in elderly hemodialysis patients. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in Malatya Training and Research Hospital's Hemodialysis Unit between July 2018 and August 2022. Two hundred seventy-four elderly hemodialysis patients were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters, and anthropometric measurements of the patients were reviewed. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of mortality. Results: The mean age of 83 patients who died was 70.00 +/- 8.39 years and 47 (56.6%) of these patients were male. All-cause death occurred in 69 (71.1%) of 97 patients with an MIS of >= 6. All-cause death occurred in 24 (54.5%) of 44 patients with a GNRI score of <91.2. Accordingly, MIS (P < 0.001, OR = 1.376 [0.163-0.392]), GNRI (P = 0.001, OR = -0.431 [1.189-1.990]), and age (P = 0.021, OR = 0.109 [0.818-0.984]) were found to be independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: GNRI and MIS are important predictors of increased risk of mortality from all causes in elderly HD patients
Comparative evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-metastatic function of microbial chondroitin sulfate and animal-originated commercial chondroitin sulfate in cancer cells
No full textCancer has the second-highest mortality rate worldwide after cardiovascular disease. In addition, cervical and breast cancer are two of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among women. The tumor microenvironment, which consists of cells that form blood vessels, proteins, fibroblasts, and immune cells, is a therapeutic target for cancer therapy. As part of the extracellular matrix (ECM), glycosaminoglycan Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) is related to diverse aspects of tumor growth and metastasis depending on the CS sulfate pattern. This study analyzed the roles of Microbial CS and Commercial CS in tumor growth and metastasis using HeLa cervical cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells, and normal fibroblasts. In addition, the role of CS types in wound healing was also assessed comparatively. Microbial CS was more cytotoxic in MDA-MB-231 cells than HeLa compared to Commercial CS. Although both CS reduced cell viability in normal cells, the selective index of Microbial CS in MDA-MB-213 cells was higher than its commercial counterpart. In addition, the role of CS types in wound healing was also assessed comparatively. Both types of CS decreased the cell migration in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, but HeLa cells were more sensitive to Microbial CS than Commercial CS to heal the wound. The wound healing of NIH3T3 cells after Microbial CS was similarly high to the healing after Commercial CS. This preliminary study shows that microbial CS produced by biotechnological methods from a recombinant source created by our team can be an effective therapeutic agent in various types of cancer
The Relationship among Dyadic Adjustment and Disease Burden in Patients with Bipolar Disorder and Their Spouses
No full text(1) Background: Spouses of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) experience significant burdens, and the perception of the burden may affect dyadic adjustment. We aimed to investigate the sexual functions, alexithymic traits, marital satisfaction, and burden in patients with BD and their spouses. We also aimed to assess the mediating role of sexual functions and alexithymia in the relationship between burden and dyadic adjustment. (2) Methods: We included 81 patients with BD type 1 (40.69 +/- 8.55 years, 65.4% female, and 34.6% male) and their healthy spouses (40.95 +/- 7.30 years, 34.6% female, and 65.4% male) and 78 healthy controls (38.90 +/- 5.88, 48.7% female, and 51.3% male). The participants were evaluated using the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), and Burden Assessment Scale (BAS). (3) Results: The GRISS scores of the control group were significantly lower than the spouses and BD groups. The DAS total score of the control group was significantly higher than that of the spouses and BD groups. Regression analyses revealed that TAS, GRISS, and HDRS scores were associated with DAS scores in the BD group. In the spouse group, TAS and BAS scores were associated with DAS scores. The GRISS scores partially mediated the relationship between dyadic adjustment and burden in the spouses of patients with BD. (4) Conclusions: Mental health professionals should regularly scan caregivers' perceptions of burden. Appropriate psychosocial interventions could help spouses of patients with BD to cope better with the burden and improve dyadic adjustment
Prediction of tool deflection using image processing in ball-end milling
No full textIn milling, some of the factors that contribute to the poor quality of products are the cutting forces. Depending on the machining parameters, the cutting forces may significantly affect the tool being used in the machining process. Tool deflection can be modeled as bending deformation. Tool deflection causes poor surface quality, geometrical and dimensional errors. For this reason, it must be addressed during milling and reduced by changing the machining parameters. In the determination of tool deflection, force-based analytical and finite element methods (FEM) and sensor measurement methods are widely used. These technologies have drawbacks such as not being able to obtain fast data, being expensive, demanding precise control, and requiring continual calibration. This study aims to determine the deflection of the tool by image processing dependent on the tool/material pair and machining parameters in the milling process. For this purpose, the AL7075 material with a free-form surface was machined on a CNC milling machine. A mathematical equation is proposed to estimate the tool deflection based on the image processing results. The method has shown that tool deviation can be detected more quickly and simply by image processing.Inonu University BAP [FDK-2020-2046]The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by Inonu University BAP (Project number FDK-2020-2046)
Effects of Tactical Game Model on Multidimensional Developmental Domains: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full text[Abstract Not Available
Analysis of employment, unemployment and vacancies: The Beveridge curve
No full textEkonomik istikrarsızlığın nedenlerinden biri olan işsizlik sorununa daha etkin çözümler geliştirebilmek için düzenli analiz ve yorumlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. İşgücü piyasasının arz ve talep yönleri hakkında bilgi veren "İstihdam, İşsizlik ve Açık İşlerin Analizi: Beveridge Eğrisi" başlıklı bu çalışmanın amacı; işgücü piyasasında yıllar içinde meydana gelen değişiklikleri incelemek, yorumlamak, işsizliğin türünü ve nedenlerini tespit etmek ve çözüm önerileri geliştirerek akademik çalışmalara ve güncel araştırmalara katkıda bulunmaktır. Bu çalışmada, küreselleşme ile birlikte gelişen teknoloji ve artan nüfusun bir yansıması olarak işgücü piyasasındaki değişimin istihdam, işsizlik ve açık işler üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir. Daha sonra Türkiye'de açık iş, işe yerleştirme ve kayıtlı işsiz sayıları arasındaki ilişki zaman serileri ile analiz edilmiştir. ARDL modeli metodoloji olarak kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda uzun dönemde işsiz sayısı ile açık iş sayısı arasında negatif bir ilişkinin saptanması, Türkiye'de Beveridge Eğrisi'nin varlığını doğrulamaktadır. Açık iş sayısı ile işe yerleştirme sayısı arasında uzun vadede pozitif bir ilişkinin varlığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Dolayısıyla, ekonomik istikrarsızlığın nedenlerinden biri olan işsizlik sorununun çözümünde açık işler aktif bir role sahiptir. Sağlıklı bir işgücü piyasasının oluşmasında, İŞKUR, il istihdam ve mesleki eğitim kurulları, özel istihdam büroları, yerel yönetimler, üniversiteler, meslek odaları, sendikalar, dernekler vb. aktörlerin ortak sorumluluk bilinciyle hareket etmeleri ve işsizliği azaltacak politikaların geliştirilmesi istihdama katkı sağlayacaktır.Regular analyzes and comments are needed in order to develop more effective solutions to the unemployment problem, which is one of the causes of economic instability. The aim of this study, titled "Analysis of Employment, Unemployment and Vacancies: The Beveridge Curve", which gives information about the supply and demand aspects of the labor market; To examine and interpret the changes in the labor market over the years, to identify the type and causes of unemployment, to contribute to academic studies and current research by developing solutions. In this study, the effect of the change in the labor market on employment, unemployment and vacant jobs as a reflection of the developing technology and increasing population with globalization is examined. Then, the relationship between vacant jobs, job placements and the number of registered unemployed in Turkey was analyzed with time series. The ARDL model was used as a methodology. As a result of the analysis, the determination of a negative relationship between the number of unemployed and the number of job vacancies in the long run confirms the existence of the Beveridge curve in Turkey. There is a long-term positive relationship between the number of vacant jobs and the number of job placements. Therefore, vacant jobs have an active role in solving the unemployment problem, which is one of the causes of economic instability. In the formation of a healthy labor market, İŞKUR, provincial employment and vocational education boards, private employment offices, local administrations, universities, professional chambers, unions, associations etc. acting with a sense of common responsibility and developing policies to reduce unemployment will contribute to employment
Investigation of the use of geopolymers obtained from garbage wastes in hot mix asphalt pavements
No full textBu çalışmada, çöp atıklarından elde edilen küllerin bir katkı malzemesi olarak asfalt içerisinde geopolimer olarak kullanılmasının sıcak karışım asfaltların (HMA) performans özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla öncelikle, asfalt bağlayıcı içerisine ağırlıkça %1.25, %2.5, %5 ve %7.5 kül ve kül ağırlığının %45'i kadar sodyum silikat (AA) ilave edilerek geopolimer modifiyeli bağlayıcılar hazırlanmıştır. Saf ve modifiye bağlayıcıların karakteristik özellikleri yumuşama noktası, penetrasyon, düktilite, özgül ağırlık, parlama noktası, ince film etüvü (TFO), depolama stabilitesi, dönel viskozimetre (RV), dinamik kayma reometresi (DSR), kiriş eğme reometresi (BBR), lineer farklı genlik (LAS) ve çoklu gerilmeli sünme geri dönme (MSCR) testleriyle belirlenmiştir. Bağlayıcıların mikroyapısal özellikleri ise taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), X-ışını difraksiyonu (XRD), Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (FT-IR) spektroskopisi ve elementel analiz testleriyle belirlenmiştir. Ardından, Marshall karışım tasarım yöntemi esas alınarak, saf ve geopolimer katkılı bağlayıcılar ile HMA numuneleri hazırlanmıştır. Bu numuneler Marshall stabilite ve akma, kalıcı Marshall stabilitesi (RMS), dolaylı çekme mukavemeti (ITS), Modifiye Lottman, dolaylı çekme rijitlik modülü (ITSM), dinamik ve statik sünme, dolaylı çekme yorulma testi gibi performans testlerine maruz bırakılmıştır. Bağlayıcı test sonuçlarına göre, geopolimer katkısıyla bağlayıcının sertliğinin arttığı ve penetrasyon sınıfının değiştiği, sıcaklık hassasiyetinin azaldığı ve yaşlanma direncinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, geopolimer katkısı ile bağlayıcıların hem yüksek hem de düşük sıcaklık dirençlerinin arttığı ve %2.5 geopolimer oranında bağlayıcı performans sınıfının PG 58-28'den PG 70-34 sınıfına dönüştüğü görülmüştür. Ayrıca, geopolimer katkısının asfalt ile kimyasal reaksiyona girerek homojen ve tek fazlı kararlı bir yapı oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Karışım test sonuçlarına göre, %2.5 geopolimer oranıyla edilen karışımların stabilite, nem direnci, kalıcı deformasyon direnci ve yorulma ömrünün önemli ölçüde arttığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, çöp atıklarından elde edilen küllerin asfalt ve dolayısıyla HMA içerisinde geopolimer olarak karayolu mühendisliğinde uygulanabilirliği tespit edilmiştir.In this study, the effect of using ashes obtained from garbage waste as a geopolymer in asphalt as an additive on the performance properties of hot mix asphalts (HMA) were investigated. For this purpose, firstly, geopolymer modified binders were prepared by adding 1.25%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% ash by weight and sodium silicate (AA) up to 45% by weight of ash into the asphalt binder. Characteristics of pure and modified binders were determined by softening point, penetration, ductility, specific gravity, flash point, thin film oven (TFO), storage stability, rotational viscometer (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), linear amplitute sweep (LAS) and multiple stress creep rebound (MSCR) tests. The microstructural properties of the binders were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis tests. Then, HMA samples were prepared with pure and geopolymer added binders based on Marshall mix design method. These samples were subjected to performance tests such as Marshall stability and flow, retained Marshall stability (RMS), indirect tensile strength (ITS), Modified Lottman, indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM), dynamic and static creep, indirect tensile fatigue test. According to the binder test results, it was determined that the hardness of the binder increased and the penetration class changed, the temperature sensitivity decreased and the aging resistance increased with the geopolymer additive. In addition, it was observed that both high and low temperature resistances of the binders increased with the geopolymer additive and the binder performance grade changed from PG 58-28 to PG 70-34 class at the rate of 2.5% geopolymer. In addition, it was determined that the geopolymer additive a homogeneous and single-phase stable structure by chemically reacting with the asphalt. According to the mixture test results, it were observed that the stability, moisture resistance, permanent deformation resistance and fatigue life of the mixtures produced with the 2.5% geopolymer ratio increased significantly. As a result, the applicability of the ashes obtained from the garbage wastes as a geopolymer in asphalt and therefore HMA in highway engineering has been determined
Contribution of Mechanical Activation for Obtaining Potassium Chloride from Microcline
No full textThe effect of intensive milling on the conversion of microcline (KAlSi3O8) to potassium chloride (KCl) occurred during the chlorination roasting process for artificial KCl production was investigated. A feldspar ore with 10.89% K2O grade and containing microcline was dry milled by a planetary ball mill for mechanical activation. Milled ore mixed with calcium chloride was roasted at temperatures between 500 and 1000 degrees C to get the chlorination roasting process. The product was then leached in water to dissolve KCl occurring during the roasting, which will be precipitated from the pregnant leach solution by evaporation. Results showed that potassium recovery from the unmilled ore increased rapidly up to 800 degrees C, and dramatically decreased at higher temperatures due to the removal of KCl from the furnace by means of evaporation. A potassium recovery of 31.95% was achieved by the unmilled ore, whereas it was 88.43% when 15 min milled ore was roasted at 750 degrees C. It was concluded that intensive milling caused mechanical activation of microcline to reduce the roasting temperature of the chlorination roasting process.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUEBITAK) [214M432]; Inoenue University Scientific Research Projects Unit [2015/44G]The authors received financial support from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUEBITAK) for the project with grant No 214M432 and Inoenue University Scientific Research Projects Unit for support with grant No 2015/44G
Particle Swarm Optimization-Enhanced Virtual Multicast Trees Embedding in SDNs
No full textIEEE Communications Society2023 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking, BlackSeaCom 2023 -- 4 July 2023 through 7 July 2023 -- 194300The truly innovative network virtualization technology allows for multi-tenancy, enabling different Virtual Network (VN) requests to share the same physical network. This is achievable because network services are no longer bound to the architecture of the lessor hardware. Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) is a multi-dimensional NP-Hard problem that maps VN entities such as virtual nodes and virtual links onto a shared Substrate Network (SN) while assuring the requested network resources (e.g., bandwidth, computing power, etc.). This research explores how to efficiently map VNs with one-to-many (multicast) interactions, in the form of Virtual Multicast Trees (VMTs), onto an SN in contrast to the VNE problem where one-to-one (unicast) communication is at focus. Thus, we propose a Virtual Multicast Tree Embedding (VMTE) enhanced by Particle Swarm Optimization framework, VMTE-PSO, to put VMTs on a shared SN. The VMTE-PSO aims to minimize the amount of network resource consumption (i.e., bandwidth) in the SN while simultaneously satisfying the computing demand of virtual nodes and minimizing the redundant substrate link usage. Extensive simulations reveal our algorithm outperforms the dynamic node ranking and traditional greedy-based VMTE approaches with respect to bandwidth consumption and redundant multicast transmission on NSFNET and USNET network topologies. © 2023 IEEE