Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research (KJAR)
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Design Through Landscape Architecture for Residential Common Spaces in Japan
Get PDFLandscape architecture focuses on studying and designing indoor and outdoor environments. It entails the elements of architecture, art, engineering, and other sociological factors. Accordingly, the landscape architects design the spaces buildings that give life to the structures. Landscape architecture is visible in parks, streets, shared paths, plazas. Shopping malls, apartment compounds, transport networks, and gardens are also examples of landscape architecture. Furthermore, the works of landscape architecture are also visible in museums, memorials, cemeteries, universities, and other schools. Modern architects have designed different permanent structures that will stand for a long period of time. Notwithstanding the preceding, the discourse on what qualifies as landscape architecture and what does not is yet to be settled. This discussion elucidates the process of research through design in landscape architecture, the literature regarding the field, and conducts a case study of specific landscape architecture to elicit applicability of the enumerated concepts. Moreover, the discourse also reveals the research method utilized in the case study and the results as well and discussion
Recognition of Health Care Provider's Patient Safety Culture in Kurdistan/Iraq
Get PDFGlobally, improving and promoting patient safety has been given a lot of attention in order to develop the standard of healthcare and conserve the clients from trauma. The study purposed to recognize the perception of the Health Care Provider (HCP) regarding patient safety culture. A quantitative design /descriptive method were carried out during the period from 12th to 24thJanuary 2019 at Rania teaching hospital. Data was collected through a hard copy self-managed survey form using the Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC).Data was entered to SPSS and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The final study sample included 130 cases (74.5% response rate). The total mean positive answer rate for the hospital survey dimensions was (42.28%) with arrange of (79% - 4.6%). Approximately 60% of HCP was perceived patient safety culture practice negatively. However, only two dimensions from 11 had reached positive response rate by respondents which include teamwork within Units (76.2%) and organizational learning (79%) dimensions, while the lowest dimension’s positivity include the frequency of reporting errors (4.6%). Furthermore, more than half (64.6%) of the study sample estimated the grade of patient safety as agreeable level, also only two of the respondents (1.5%) rated excellent grades for patient safety in their hospitals. Almost, three fourths (75.8%) of study sample were reported that no events had reports in the previous year. Statistically, the results of the study showed a significant association among {educational status (p=0.006), work areas (p=0.014), staff position (P=0.001), and mean score of HSOPSC. These findings demonstrated that attitudes and perception of HCP about patient safety culture is extremely low. Fundamentally, there is a necessity for systemic change at the level of health organization and continuous training course for HCP to improve patient safety culture are strongly recommended
Common Risk Factors of Myocardial Infarction and Some Socio Demographic Characteristics in Sulaimani City
Get PDFBack ground: Coronary heart disease is one of the vital causes of morbidity and death in Iraq. Socioeconomic status is also affected by coronary heart disease. These risk factors in Sulaimani city of Iraq is remain uncertain. This is a shortage of study of master student. The current study’s main aims were to explore the potential association between several predisposing factors and heart attack in Sulaimani, Iraq, and to some socio demographic in this participant. 165 contributors who were attending to the Cardiac Specialty Hospital, (Coronary Care Unit), and they were definitely diagnosed as having MI participated in the current study between 2015 and 2016; in Sulaimani, Iraq. The study was attentive on exploring the socioeconomic status, lifestyle, family history of heart attack and classical predisposing factors such as (Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, smoking cigarette, and dyslipidemia). For collecting the data, the questionnaire was designed according reading literature and books. The tests of Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Pearson and Spearman were used for the current data analysis. The finding: patients at the age of ?61 years was a common group age for myocardial infarction. Sedentary lifestyle (81.8%) and smoking (Ex- passive and current smoking 69.7% was predominance. The prevalence of BMI > 25 was (75.15%). Hypertension accounted (61.2%), dyslipidemia (39.4%), and diabetes (20%) of the subjects. A positive first-degree history of classical MI risk factor of the participants was (54.5%, 39.2% and 28.4%) for hypertension, heart attack and diabetes, respectively. (98.2%) of the selected patients no eating fish. (56.4%, 58.8%) of them were not eating daily fruit and vegetable respectively. Smoking was significant correlation with age, gender, level of education, and marital status (r = 0.34, 0.38, -0.23 and 0.17) respectively) (p value less than 0.05). Conclusions: In Sulaimani city of Iraq the strong predictors of heart attack were included: sedentary lifestyle, high body mass index, positive family history, unhealthy diet, smoking cigarette, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and Diabetes Mellitus.
 
Effect of Cannabis seeds on Some biomedical parameters in male rats
Get PDFCannabis, sometimes known as hemp, is a plant that originated in Central Asia. Cannabis seeds nutritional profile is astounding. Cannabis seed, most digestible, balanced, natural, and complete supply of protein, amino acids, and necessary fats found anyplace in nature when it is in its pristine organic natural condition. Cannabis seeds can be used in a variety of medical fields. Each 100 gm of the seeds used in the study contains 26, 37 and 20 gm of protein, fat and carbohydrate respectively. The present study used two groups of male rats (control and treatment groups). Rats were 11 weeks of average age. 10 mg/kg of body weight of powdered cannabis seeds were administrated orally to treatment group daily for 15 days. Alkaline Phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALP, GPT, and GOT), creatinine and uric acid was done for estimating the effect of cannabis seeds on renal and liver function. Enzymes Alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALP, GPT, and GOT) as well as creatinine, uric acid and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were not significantly (p<0.05) different in both groups. Level of Cholesterol, triglyceride and c-reactive protein were significantly (p<0.05) reduced. Serum total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in treatment group comparing to control group. The aim of this study is to examine physiological impact of cannabis whole seeds. Identifying the relationship(s) between liver and renal functions and cannabis seeds, as well as the anti-inflammatory effect of cannabis seeds and possible of using cannabis seeds as herbal medicine for health care in male rats
The Role of Architectural Preservation Processes on the Permanence of Heritage Buildings of Value
Get PDFArchitectural heritage is all the cultural and civilizational achievements that man inherited from his ancestors, acquiring a qualitative value that has proven its importance and originality in resisting the forces of change, becoming a visual reference. The architectural heritage has been exposed to natural and human factors that caused much damage. This requests to deal with these factors at every level through joint action, which includes the maintenance and protection of heritage buildings. One of the essential parts of the preservation process is the reuse of the building, whereby an actual or new function is given to the building to preserve, sustain and reconfigure it in a way that preserves its originality, composition, and balance without compromising its relationship with the environment. The research problem is the fragile focus on the importance of functional value when starting the architectural preservation work, even though it requires an in-depth study of the extent of the impact of this change on preserving the heritage value of the building. The study aims to clarify the process of preservation in heritage buildings and the use of the rehabilitation process based on the architectural characteristics of the building. For this purpose, the analytical method approach of pre-and post-conservation blueprints was used through photographs to illustrate the impact of functional change in preserving the building's heritage value. From here, the research concludes that preserving the permanence of the architectural heritage can be achieved through cooperation between all values and that the functional value significantly affects the permanence of the heritage buildin
Hydrological Information related Existed Dam Sites Assessment using ArcGIS in Zawita District
Get PDFOne of the critical pillars that sustain human civilization is meeting the water demand for different purposes like storage, electricity, flood control and others. In other hand, the mismanagement of water resources and unplanned urbanization denoted as the most obstacles for developing the arid and semi-arid regions. For this, it is important to know the appropriate places to construct such important projects and to evaluate those places if those places are actually suitable for constructing dams or not. In this paper, a hybrid Geographic information system (ArcGIS) decision-making technology powered by fuzzy logic is developed to assess seven small dams' sites in the Zawita district. Some standard criteria were used for evaluation like: Rainfall, Geological formations, Types of soil, Slope, Surface hydrological properties, and drainage density. The result all dams within the Zawita district are located in areas with suitable geological formations. It turns out that there are three finished dams that were built in relatively suitable places, they are: Botiya, Bari bhar, and Bhiri. Finally, As for the unfinished dams, one dam is considered an Unsuitable location according to all the criteria used, which is the Talwa dam and one dam within a relatively suitable location, which is the Eminki dam, while the Bisre dam was one of the appropriate dams that has not been built yet
Glycolysis Regulation to Maintain Blood Glucose Homeostasis
Get PDFCarbohydrates are the major source of energy for the living cells, they are the first cellular constituents that synthesized during photosynthesis from carbon dioxide and water by green plants through absorption of sun light. To be used as source of energy, carbohydrates compounds should undergo series of enzymatic metabolic stages in the cell. Beside the energy productions, catabolism of carbohydrates provides different intermediates molecules for the synthesis of biomolecules like fatty acids, amino acids, DNA, and RNA. Among the three main examples of monosaccharide (i.e: glucose, galactose, and mannose), glucose is considered as the central molecule in carbohydrate metabolism that all the major pathways of carbohydrate metabolism relate to it. Glucose is also an essential component of cellular metabolism in maintaining carbon homeostasis. Liver has shown to play a key role in monitoring and stabilizing blood glucose levels, therefore, it can be considered as glucostate monitor. In this article, we will review the major metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, their biochemical role in cellular energy production, and latest development in the understanding in these fields. Also, we discuss about the factors that participate in regulation of blood glucose concentration. We believe understand these process is essential for control scarbohydrate-related human disorders
The Epidemiological Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Halabja Province/Kurdistan –Iraq
Get PDFThe new highly transmitted pathogenic viral infection started from Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. The World Health Organization publicized that it is phylogenetically belonging to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), introduced as COVID-19 pandemic disease, and spread around the world. The first confirmed case in Kurdistan region was on 1st of March, 2020. While the first COVID-19 case in Halabja province/Kurdistan region was recorded on 27th of March, 2020. This study was designed, when the Wafa Hospital constructed in Halabja/Kurdistan region for infected patients. The data were collected from 14th April to the end of December, 2020 and included name and age of the infected persons. Samples were obtained nasopharyngeal using a sterilized swab following WHO guidelines and then the real time PCR (RT-PCR) machine was used for analysis. This study was particularly representing the impact of COVID-19 on suspected person. It was focused on the susceptibility of suspected cases in Halabja province, according to ages and sexes. During the study, 5183 cases were tested, 2796 (54%) cases were confirmed as positive result and 2387 (46%) cases were negative, including all ages, males and females. Confirmed male cases among 3116 cases were 1646 (60.1%), and 1150 (39.9%) positive cases recorded among 2067 female tests. In addition, the ages of the tested cases were divided into 10 sub-groups (0-9) years old to (90-99) years old, subsequently. The result of this study for both sexes, revealed that, the most confirmed cases among (30-39) years group and (40-49) years group were (1521) and (1223) confirmed positive cases. The lowest cases were among over 80 years old and below 9 years old (10, 3) confirmed cases. Besides, the confirmed cases for other age groups for both sexes were (50-59) years old was 397, (60-69) years old was 205, (70-79) was 77. Finally, the data showed that, the common confirmed cases were among groups 20-59 years old and the rare cases were under 9 and over 80 years
Anti-Obesity Effects of Arum maculatum, Nasturtium officinale Plant Extracts and Exercise in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats
Get PDFABSTRACT
The Aim: To investigate and distinguish the anti-obesity activities of Arum maculatum, Nasturtium officinale plant extracts and exercise against high-fat diet induced obesity at rat model.
Methods: Thirty healthy male albino rats were randomly separated into 5 groups (n=6): Normal control (NC), high-fat diet control (HFD-C), Arum maculatum extract (AME), Nasturtium officinale extract (NOE) and exercise. The NC group fed with normal diet (ND) and all other groups a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and hyperlipidemia for 8 weeks. Corresponding treatments were established to the respective groups during study period. Rat body weights (BW) and food intake were obtained weekly. Glucose, Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low, very low and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA) with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were estimated in serum at the end of the study.
Results: The HFD-C rats were associated with a significant increase (P<0.05) in BW gain with the elevations in serum glucose, lipid profiles (TC, TG, LDL-C &VLDL-C), liver function tests (AST & ALT) and MDA in comparison with NC rats whereas the level of serum HDL-C decreased. Furthermore, treatments of AME, NOE and exercise along with HFD significantly (P<0.05) reduced HFD-induced changes in BW gain and the levels of serum biochemical parameters as compared to rats fed HFD. The most significant effect on reducing weight gain at model rats were recorded by NOE treatment, while the attenuated effects AME on BW gain and AST, exercise on BW gain, TG, VLDL, MDA and AST were not significant (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Consumption of HFD for 8 weeks caused HFD-C rats obese, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic with hepatic cellular injury when compared to the NC rats. AME, NOE and exercise treatments were suppressed the development of obesity as well as attenuated HFD induced changes in serum biochemical parameters of the respective groups when compared to the HFD-C group.
 
Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome Criteria: Among Treated Hypertensive and Diabetic Females of Halabja
Get PDFBackground and aim
The effect of Ramadan fasting (RF) among Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) patients is still argumentative. However, the majority of evidences demonstrated a beneficial effect on nearly most of metabolic criteria reduce the risk of MetS. Hypoglycemia is a significant consequence of diabetes that has been linked to an elevated the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertensions. However, conflicted results have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of RF on Metabolic criteria among treated hypertensive and diabetic patients.
Method
This prospective observational study was carried out in a group of 73 female patients with MetS aged (20-45) years were evaluated week before and after Ramadan month having hypertension and diabetics of more than 2 years. All attending to Halabja Hospital and were treated with one daily medication based on doctor prescription. The sample random technic was used to calculate sample size and the computed sample size. The eligibility criteria for female patients having diabetic and hypertension were based on the International Diabetic Federation (IDF) definition criteria. A fasting blood sample was obtained, blood pressure was measured and BMI was calculated, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile were analyzed on all blood sample.
Result
There was a significant weight reduction and WC decreased. This result has been reflected on BMI as well ( p ? 0.0001). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed significant changes during the month of fasting. Overall, Ramadan fasting was found to decrease fasting glucose level. With regards to changes in lipid profile, fasting Ramadan was found to significant decrease in TC, and TG level. There was no significant change in serum LDL-C after Ramadan compared to baseline, however, we found a decrease in serum HDL-C levels but this change were not paralleled by any significant changes.
Conclusions
This study shows a significant improvement in cardiovascular risk factors such as lipids profile, systolic blood pressure, weight, BMI and waist circumference in subjects with a previous history of hypertensions and hyperglycemia.