Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research (KJAR)
Not a member yet
417 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of COVID-19 on Severity of Signs and Symptoms of Autoimmune Diseases
Get PDFIt is an observational cross-sectional study, the data collected by convenience sampling method from 33 patients in the Ranya General Hospital and private clinics for follow-up patient’s autoimmune diseases state in the Ranya city from the 10th November 2020 to the 20th May 2021 and the study included all the patients had autoimmune diseases that recovered from the COVID-19 disease. For the study materials, the data was collected by a questionnaire form that included demographic and autoimmune disease questions also questions about the patient’s intensity of their autoimmune disease’s signs and symptoms before and after they recovered from COVID-19. Determine patient’s autoimmune disease signs and symptoms intensity based on the prescribed drug for a treat the autoimmune diseases which are changed by special doctors. Furthermore, the data were analysed by SPSS software to produce descriptive statistic measures and to find the difference between dependent categorical variables Sign tests were used but the Chi-square test was used for the categorical independent variables with regarding 0.05 as a significant critical value. The result reveals that the range of their age started from 42 to 74 years old with mean±standard deviation (57.3 ± 8.06) and most of the cases 15(45.5%) were between (55-65) years old, followed by less than 55 years old 13(39.4%) and more than 65 years old age 5(3.8%) cases respectively. Rheumatoid arthritis was a major type 16 (48.5%) of the autoimmune disease compared to other types, Ankylosing Spondylitis 8(24.2%) cases, and Ulcerative Colitis 6(18.2%) cases respectively while Crohn's disease was the minimum 3(9.1%) cases and before the got COVID-19 most of the cases 25(75.8%) had moderate intensity signs and symptoms of their autoimmune diseases and 8(24.2%) cases had severe signs and symptoms but after they recovered from the COVID-19 disease the rate of their signs and symptoms changed to mild 19(57.6%) and moderate 14(42.4%) intensity while severe intensity signs and symptoms were zero with highly significant differences (P-value 0.0001). Despite the current study concluded autoimmune disease patients recovered from the COVID-19 their autoimmune diseases signs and symptoms intensity decreased significantly but still further studies are needed with a bigger sample size to determine and explain this association
Computer Aided Diagnostic System for Blood Cells in Smear Images Using Texture Features and Supervised Machine Learning
Get PDFIdentification and diagnosis of leukemia earlier is a contentious issue in therapeutic diagnostics for reducing the rate of death among people with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). The investigation of White Blood Cells (WBCs) is essential for the detection of ALL-leukaemia cells, for which blood smear images were being used. This study created an intelligent framework for identifying healthy blood cells from leukemic blood cells in blood smear images. The framework combines the features extracted by Center Symmetric Local Binary Pattern (CSLBP), Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT), and Local Gradient Increasing Pattern (LGIP), the data was then fed into machine learning classifiers including Decision Tree (DT), Ensemble, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Random Forest (RF)). As the training set, the ALL-IDB2 database was utilized to create a balanced database with 260 blood smear images. Consequently, to generate the optimum feature set, a recommended model was established by using numerous individual and combined feature extraction methodologies. The investigational consequences demonstrate that the developed feature fusion strategy surpassed previous existing techniques, with an overall accuracy of 97.49 ± 1.02% utilizing Ensemble classifier
The Impact of Non-constant Inertia and Nonlinear Damping on the Torsional Vibration Characteristics of Internal Combustion Engine Including External Forces
Get PDFFailures of the crankshaft-slider mechanism are the most reasons that affect the durability and operational reliability of the internal combustion engine. An accurate and sophisticated nonlinear dynamic model overcomes the obvious simulation errors of linearized models. The present work studies the effect of the non-conservative forces and nonlinear damping on the torsional vibration of single-cylinder internal combustion engines. Comprehensive dynamic modeling based on a developed expression for the instantaneous kinetic energy of the reciprocating parts and a general model of the overall kinetic energy of the system in terms of the inertia parameters were derived. The effect of variable inertia and nonlinear damping on the damped forced response of slider-crank assembly of the engine was investigated using the numerical integration method. The numerical results show that the phenomenon of secondary rolling excitation torque is well activated and gives arises to variation of frequencies and their corresponding amplitudes. Also, the amplitude of the external excitation torque is strengthened by the secondary excitation inertia torque and introduces multi resonance amplitudes phenomenon and widening the critical range of engine speed which results in producing of dangerous vibrational stress amplitudes. Also, the damped forced results indicate that the presents of damping lead to a vital reduction in the amplitude of torsional displacement and excitation torques. The present work aims to enhance nonlinear dynamic modeling and introduces more reliable design for reciprocating engine crankshaft assembly
Protective Effect of Thyme Extract on Albino Rats Exposed to Paraquat
Get PDFParaquat (PQ), as a frequently used compound in many applications while the herbal providing is vigorously used in the curing of broad spectrum diseases such as liver disease, the influence of thyme extract or Thymus vulgaris L. (T.vulgaris) and their constituents was previously reported. The main target goal of the present study, is to explore the influence of T.vulgaris extract toward PQ induced toxicity in male albino rats. The current study was conducted on thirty-two (32) male albino rats, they were separated equally and randomly upon four (4) groups, all groups fed normal diet and drunk tap water ad libitum as following; the first group was considered as control. The second group was treated with PQ (0.3ml/rats) orally by needle gavage, the third group as administered with PQ (0.3ml/rats), and 200ml/kg body weight (BW) of T.vulgaris extract orally by needle gavage, the fourth group was administered with 200ml/kg BW of T.vulgaris extract orally by needle gavage. The treatment duration was continued for eight executive days. Paraquat administration showed significant decrease in BW, food intake, liver, kidney weight also PQ increased malondialdehyde (MDA), low density lipoprotein (LDL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and, uric acid (UA) significantly. Therefore, the current results indicate that, the herbicide PQ showed adverse effects through initiation of lipid peroxidation, while T.vulgaris extract produced a significant recovery in ameliorating some aspects of PQ toxicity
Investigation of the Properties of High-Density Polyethylene Pipes used in Kurdistan for Piping System of Potable Water
Get PDFHigh-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are recently used in the water distribution network in Kurdistan to replace the old pipes. In this investigation, two types of HDPE pipes (namely A and B) available in the local market have been studied and their properties were compared. Mechanical properties through tensile tests have been investigated and valuable data were collected that could provide a guideline reference for the designers and end-users utilizing these pipes for water supply networks. Furthermore, the HDPE samples were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that the ultimate tensile strength recorded for pipe B was greater than pipe A by 8%. Besides, both the elongation at break and strain at break for pipe A was outperformed by almost 6%. On the other hand, the tests showed that the transition from elasticity behavior to ductility behavior for pipe B occurs earlier in comparison to pipe A. It was noted from the gathered information that the two tested pipes were within the standards with variations in their characteristics.
 
A Novel Classification of Uncertain Stream Data using Ant Colony Optimization Based on Radial Basis Function
Get PDFThere are many potential sources of data uncertainty, such as imperfect measurement or sampling, intrusive environmental monitoring, unreliable sensor networks, and inaccurate medical diagnoses. To avoid unintended results, data mining from new applications like sensors and location-based services needs to be done with care. When attempting to classify data with a high degree of uncertainty, many researchers have turned to heuristic approaches and machine learning (ML) methods. We propose an entirely new ML method in this paper by fusing the Radial Basis Function (RBF) network based on ant colony optimization (ACO). After introducing a large amount of uncertainty into a dataset, we normalize the data and finish training on clean data. The ant colony optimization algorithm is then used to train a recurrent neural network. Finally, we evaluate our proposed method against some of the most popular ML methods, including a k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, random forest, decision tree, logistic regression, and extreme gradient boosting (Xgboost). Error metrics show that our model significantly outperforms the gold standard and other popular ML methods. Using industry-standard performance metrics, the results of our experiments show that our proposed method does a better job of classifying uncertain data than other method
The Effect of Architectural Forms on Aesthetic Response : Study Case
Get PDFThis research seeks to identify building exterior characteristics that are best liked, most pleasing, rated beautiful and exciting by architects. A methodology based on mixed research methods was developed. The study sought architect’s preferences for twelve different public buildings. Analysis of 68 responses to the survey questionnaire identified several building’s exteriors characteristics that were consistently most preferred aesthetically. Four formal attributes. Complexity, Order, Ambiguity, and Potency, each of which was measured by three variables, and one variable added to the ambiguity, so a total of 13 formal (cognitive / perceptual) variables were included in the study. The effects of these attributes on affective responses, i.e., Arousal and Evaluation, each of which was measured by three variables, were examined. The analysis of the scatter chart identifies the level of association between two dependent variables, aesthetic response and formal features. A medium to a strong relationship has been recognized between aesthetic response with moderate complexity and moderate to high levels of order and organization also with near high levels of novelty and mystery. Though, a weak correlation between the remaining of the dependent variables indicates a thin relationship. The higher the level of ambiguity in the exterior, the more excited the receiver. The higher the classification of mystery and novelty, the higher the degrees of excitement by the respondent. There is also a strong correlation between higher levels of polysemy and ratings of arousal, exciting and stimulation. The aesthetic evaluation (beauty) of the building depends and is influenced mainly by the preference of pleasure and admiration, and these three variables are affected by other variables such as ambiguity, complexity, and order. The aesthetic response is a complex process where each variable is affected by another variable, which ultimately leads to a comprehensive aesthetic evaluation
Psychological hardiness and its relationship to health awareness Among Kurdish people in Kurdistan Region during the pandemic of Covid-19
Get PDFObjective: Like Iraq and neighboring countries, the Kurdistan region was affected by the epidemic which gradually led to a lockdown in March and April and a wide-spread disruption of people’s life and activates. In this study, the researcher investigated the psychological hardiness and its relation to health awareness among citizens of the Kurdistan region during the Corona epidemic. Methods: This study followed a cross-sectional design quantitative survey that was conducted online from 1 to 18 April 2020. After two months of lockdown due to coronavirus pandemic in the Kurdistan Region. A questionnaire of 25 questioners to measure psychological hardiness, later the researchers got the psychometric qualities. Results: The researcher observed high psychological hardiness levels in the study, because of the Covid-19 pandemic. It has shown the non-significant association between psychological hardiness and health awareness and identified several significant factors associated with this psychological hardiness and health awareness. Conclusion: Using contractive tools, the study showed that the psychological hardiness of the citizens of the Kurdistan region is at a low level during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results could serve as a framework for future research to examine the influence of the pandemic on the population's association of psychological hardiness with health awareness.
 
A Hybrid Artificial Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for Detecting COVID-19 Patients
Get PDFCOVID-19, one of the most dangerous pandemics, is currently affecting humanity. COVID-19 is spreading rapidly due to its high reliability transmissibility. Patients who test positive more often have mild to severe symptoms such as a cough, fever, raw throat, and muscle aches. Diseased people experience severe symptoms in more severe cases. such as shortness of breath, which can lead to respiratory failure and death. Machine learning techniques for detection and classification are commonly used in current medical diagnoses. However, for treatment using neural networks based on improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), known as PSONN, the accuracy and performance of current models must be improved. This hybridization implements Particle Swarm Optimization and a neural network to improve results while slowing convergence and improving efficiency. The purpose of this study is to contribute to resolving this issue by presenting the implementation and assessment of Machine Learning models. Using Neural Networks and Particle Swarm Optimization to help in the detection of COVID-19 in its early stages. To begin, we preprocessed data from a Brazilian dataset consisted primarily of early-stage symptoms. Following that, we implemented Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms. We used precision, accuracy score, recall, and F-Measure tests to evaluate the Neural Network with Particle Swarm Optimization algorithms. Based on the comparison, this paper grouped the top seven ML models such as Neural Networks, Logistic Regression, Nave Bayes Classifier, Multilayer Perceptron, Support Vector Machine, BF Tree, Bayesian Networks algorithms and measured feature importance, and other, to justify the differences between classification models. Particle Swarm Optimization with Neural Network is being deployed to improve the efficiency of the detection method by more accurately predicting COVID-19 detection. Preprocessed datasets with important features are then fed into the testing and training phases as inputs. Particle Swarm Optimization was used for the training phase of a neural net to identify the best weights and biases. On training data, the highest rate of accuracy gained is 0.98.738 and on testing data, it is 98.689.
 
Effect of Folic Acid by injection and supplementary on growth and puberty of Karadi male lambs.
Get PDFThe present study is carried out to study the effect of Folic Acid (FA) by injection and supplementary on animal body weight gain, Testes volume before slaughtering, Testes volume after slaughtering, Testosterone concentration in blood, and FA concentration in blood. Twenty-five (25) Karadi male lambs five months aged and the average weight was 24.54 ±1.92 kg were used in this experiment. The animals weighed after three months of treatment to get animal increased live weight, The testes measured after one, two, and three months of treatment to calculate testes volume, testosterone, and FA concentration level in the blood were taken after one, two, and three months of treatment. The present study demonstrated that animal body weight, animal body weight gain, and total body weight gain significantly not increased (p>0.05). Testicular length, and testicular circumference not increased (p>0.05) after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months after treatment, and after slaughtering. However, testicular high increased (p<0.05) after each month of treatment and slaughtering. Testosterone concentration in the blood significantly not different (p>0.05) reported between treatments after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months of treatment. FA concentration in the blood significantly increased (p<0.05) when used 3 and 6 mg FA by injection compared to control after 1st and 2nd months of treatment. However, blood FA concentration increased (p<0.05) when used FA 6mg/ml as an injection after the 2nd month of treatment compared to control. While using FA by supplementation and injection significantly (p>0.05) on the diameter and circumference of seminiferous tubules, germ cells thickness, and lumen diameters