Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research (KJAR)
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Impact of the thickness of Nickel oxide film for nitrogen dioxide gas sensing Applications
Get PDFNickel oxide (NiO) thin films were formed by RF reactive magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates. The Argon and Oxygen partial pressure were (3.2×10-3 torr) and (2.12×10-2 torr) respectively at room temperature. The thickness of the films deposited was in the range of 50-150 nm. The thickness necessity structural, electrical and sensing properties of (NiO) films were methodically examined. X-ray diffraction method which shows polycrystalline landscape with preferred reflection peak at (200) plane. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that the growth of nanorods in all the films. The gas sensitivity of nitrogen dioxide gas was (67 %). It was observed that the gas sensitivity for (NiO) films was increased as film thickness increases
Comparison of porosity models for fluidized beds
Get PDFThe paper describes a comparison between four numerical models of porosity, for better understanding the influence of porosity on the hydrodynamics (macroscopic and microscopic) behaviors of fluidized beds. The study has been done through an approach based on combine discrete-continuum to achieve the simulations. This approach deals with the modeling of the interactions between the fluid-solid. In which the discrete approach is used for localizing the position and velocity of each individual particles based on Newton’s 2nd law of motion, using a numerical time stepping scheme. While the continuum approach is based on finite volume method, which is solved the fluid flow equations (Navier-Stokes equations). The geometry of fluidizing column was; column diameter (D=0.096 m) and column height (H=1 m). Glass grains were firstly deposited inside the column, and then subjected to the range of inlet water velocity (0-0.14 m.s-1). The results of simulations are point out those four models of porosity, achieved comparable results for simulating fluidized beds. The simulations results were compared and showed a good agreement and consistency with the experimental data in the literatures. In other hand, the simulations results revealed that the models of porosity, which based on the microscopic scale, are most reliable between the models of porosity. However the differences between these models must be analyzed and kept in mind in order to select the appropriate porosity model. The results revealed that the porosity is an important parameter which effect on the hydrodynamics behavior of fluidized beds during the fluidization processes
Limitations of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Sulaimani diagnostic laboratories
Get PDFHbA1c is the test of choice in many countries to monitor and diagnose diabetes. There are continuing debates on the HBA1c usage. HBA1c has some limitations, for example, HBA1c test should not be used in pregnant women and children under the age of 13, vitamin B12 deficiency and Hypertriglycemia increases HBA1c levels, many other conditions such as iron deficiency anemia, stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease, hemoglobinopathy all interfere with HBA1c results. Moreover, sensitivity and specificity of the test vary among different ethnic groups. In this study, we aimed to investigate the knowledge of health professionals on HBA1c test limitations and to assess the frequency of HBA1c usage in the pediatric population. We also assessed the quality of the instruments used in Sulaimani laboratories (labs) to evaluate HBA1c. One hundred (100) diagnostic labs in Sulaimani city was surveyed to determine HBA1c instruments types used in labs. A one-page questionnaire on the practice and HBA1c limitations test was given to 100 health professionals. Most of the health professionals in this study were unaware of the limitations of the HBA1c test, 99% of the physicians were unaware of the inaccuracy of the point of cares testing (POCT) devices and the frequency of POCT uses in Sulaimani diagnostic labs. Surprisingly, Sulaimani Pediatric hospital used the HBA1c test to monitor and diagnose type 1 diabetes patients. Our survey also showed Cobas C111 analyzer was the most common (47.8%) type of instrument used in Sulaimani city. the advantage was used by 8% of the labs, Biohermes and auto accent was used by 4.3% of labs. Surprisingly, the Diabetes and Endocrine Center in Sulaimani used the POCT device SD A1cCare instrument. In conclusion, almost all health professionals were unaware of the HBA1c limitations. Continuing education programs to all health professional should be mandated in Sulaimani city hospitals to ensure high quality of the HBA1c test. Most importantly, health professionals need to be aware that POCT is widely used in Sulaimani labs and that POCT is considered an inaccurate method for HBA1c evaluation. Pediatric physicians need to be reminded that HBA1c is not recommended in children.  
Prevalence and severity of anemia among pregnant women in primary health centers/Erbil City
Get PDFAnemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. Nutritional anemia is the most common type of anemia worldwide and mainly includes iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin C deficiencies. Iron deficiency contributes to half of the burden of anemia globally. The objectives of this study were to find out the prevalence and severity of anemia among pregnant women. A descriptive study was conducted on 600 pregnant women, during the period October 2015 to November 2016 at four primary health care centers in Erbil city. Data gathered through interview with study sample and filling questionnaire format and reviewing their antenatal records. Blood hemoglobin level was measured to assess the severity of anemia. Chi-square test and regression were used to analyze the data. Prevalence of anemia was 46.2%, and 67.1% of the anemic women had mild anemia. There was a significant association of severity of anemia with wife education and occupation, smoking, the number of abortions and cesarean section, ante partum hemorrhage, taking tablets of iron and folic acid per month. The study concluded that prevalence of anemia considered high in Erbil city, the highest percentage had mild anemia
Security Aspects in Online Purchasing Applications
Get PDFMotivations to engage in retail shopping comprise both utilitarian and hedonic dimensions. Business to consumer e-commerce conducted via the mechanism of web-shopping offers an expanded opportunity for companies to create a cognitively and esthetical good shopping environment in ways not readily imitable in the no electronic shopping world. In this report the details key implementation aspects of a typical online purchasing system, hypothetically labeled SYSTEM X, and describe how it works - particularly regarding security issues. The report concludes with recommendations for users of similar online buying systems
A New species of the bee, Anthophora Latreille, 1803(Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Kurdistan region-Iraq
Get PDFA New species of the family Apidae, Anthophora sulaimanensis sp. nov. Is described; main parts illustrated and got comparisons with its nearly- related species from Iraq-Kurdistan region. The species is characterized by Mandibles black, bi dentate; Labrum black with two brown sculptures on lateral basal sides; Clypeus without sculpture; Marginal cell of the fore wings broadly rounded apically, strongly bent away from wing margin. The important taxonomic parts have been drawn. Localities, plant visiting and collections date have been mentioned
Biochemical Profile and Assessment of risk factors for Patients Diagnosed with Myocardial Infarction in AlRamadi City, Iraq
Get PDFMyocardial infarction (MI) continues to be a major cause of mortality and also death at early ages all over the world. This study is undertaken to evaluate the effect of MI on the levels of lipid profile, two enzymatic markers, fasting blood sugar (FBS), urea, creatinine and total serum bilirubin (TSB), rather than to assess the risk factors which lead to MI and its relation to these variables. The sample of the study consisted of (50) patients admitted to the Cardiac Care Unit in Al-Ramadi General hospital. MI patients had significantly (P?0.05) higher levels of triglyceride (TG) (201.4 mg/dl) as compared with the controls (142.8 mg/dl), while high density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly (P?0.05) decreased in patients (42.24 mg/dl) compared with control group (58.7mg/dl). Total cholesterol (TC) (183.6 mg/dl) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (109.3mg/dl) were not affected significantly (P?0.05) in MI group when compared with control group with the average of (172.2 mg/dl), (116 mg/dl) respectively. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased significantly (P?0.05) in patients (61.38 IU/L) compared to the control group (23.5 IU/L) , while there was no significant (P?0.05) difference in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) between MI and control group. Levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS) in the serum of MI group (206 mg/dl) increased significantly (P?0.05) comparing with the control group (122.1 mg/dl). This study showed increase in urea (55.6 mg/dl) and creatinine (1.26 mg/dl) levels in the MI group contrast with the control group which its mean was (29.8 mg/dl), ( 0.85 mg/dl) respectively. There was no difference in the level of TSB. Findings of this study, stating differences in levels of some biochemical parameters can use as a biomarker of myocardial infarction. There is an increase in the incidence of myocardial infarction and some differences in the level of parameters in the presence of one or more major risk factors
Applying Neural Network Approach with Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Software Reliability Prediction
Get PDFSoftware systems exist in different critical domains. Software reliability assessment has become a critical issue due to the variety levels of software complexity. Software reliability, as a sub-branch of software quality, has been exploited to evaluate to what extend the desired software is trustable. To overcome the problem of dependency to human power and time limitation for software reliability prediction, researchers consider soft computing approaches such as Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic. These techniques suffer from some limitations including lack of analyzing mathematical foundations, local minima trapping and convergence problem. This study develops a novel model for software reliability prediction through the combination of Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). The proposed model has solved some of the problems of existing methods such as convergence problem and demanding on huge number of data. This model can be used in complicated software systems. The results prove that both training and testing phases of this model outperform existing approaches in terms of predicting the number of software failures
Extensibility Interaction Flow Modeling Language Metamodels to Develop New Web Application Concerns
Get PDFWeb engineering is a systematic approach to develop web applications, and numerous web engineering methods have been proposed. These methods were extended through defining new models by using different mechanisms to capture the web application concepts. Due to the complexity rising of web applications, the web engineering methods cannot provide web solutions anymore. Even though Interaction Flow Modeling Language (IFML) is recently proposed as a new method for developing web applications, it has limitations. Therefore these methods need to be improved. In this paper, we present the ability of IFML extensibility to support new concerns from web applications. Moreover, we extend IFML through UML mechanisms to support new concerns from the context to the user interface. The new IFML solves the lack of context web application through defining a new model and becomes a new direction to develop concerns modern web applications
Investigating and boosting walkability in Sulaimani’s mixed-use streets: Jamal Irfan street as a case study
Get PDFWalkable cities, neighborhoods, and streets promote good health. A growing number of research show compelling evidence about the positive impacts of walkable neighborhoods and streets on everything from real-estate values to health, mental well-being, crime rate, safety feeling, creativity, and even making cities more democratic. Walkability has health, environmental, and economic benefits. For example, several studies found that people in walkable neighborhoods have a higher amount of physical activity and were substantially less likely to be overweight or obese than those living in low-walkable neighborhoods. Walkable neighborhoods and streets incorporate features that promote regular walking, cycling and public transit use. While the city of Sulaimani in general suffers from lack of walkable neighborhoods and streets, due to many factors including incomplete streets, some of the city’s neighborhoods and streets have potential for becoming effective walkable neighborhoods and streets. The recent mixed use developments and re-developments in some of the areas and streets in the city have attracted a large number of people and increased the necessity of making those areas and streets more pedestrian-friendly and walkable. This research aims at investigating walkability characters in Sulaimani city’s recently developed mixed-use streets through closely examining a representing case study, Jamal Irfan street. The research then proposes strategies, guidelines, and urban design interventions that make those streets more pedestrian friendly according to urban design standards