Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research (KJAR)
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Role of Pulse Oximetry Screening for Detection of Life Threatening Congenital Heart Detects in Newborn
Get PDFMost ofnewborns with Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) can be detected by using echocardiography. However, if such defects are not diagnosed in earlier time, therefore a severe hypoxemia, shock, acidosis and death are considered of some potential sequelae. A prospective study from January 2012 to the end of 2013 was performed and 2181 neonates were enrolled in the study. The pulse oximetry screening (POS) for both hands and one foot were obtained within the first 3-6 hours of life, when post ductal saturation was below 90%, it was considered as a positive screening, while when the saturation is between 90-95% and the difference between pre-and post-ductal saturation was more than 3%, the baby was provisionally considered to be screening as a positive then echocardiography is planned. Among 100 positive POS babies, 45 (45%) of them were detected with CHS, 12 (12%) was with a major CHS and 33 (33%) was with a minor CHS. Out of 12 patients with a major CHD 6 of them (50%) were asymptomatic at the time of POS.POS result was a true negative in 2078 patients, a true positive in 45 patients, false negative in 3 patients, and false positive in 55 and 28/55 of the false positive rate with POS had other pathology. The false positive rate with pulse oximetry screening is (55/2081) = 0.26%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for POS in detection of major CHD were 80%, 97.29%, 17.9% and 99.80%, respectively. Pulse oximetry screening is significantly improving the detection of life threatening congenital heart disease at an early stage
Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasmosis among Aborted Women in Garmian district, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Get PDFToxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infection that caused by an obligated intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii of many types of tissues, including nervous, muscular and intestinal epithelial tissue. Congenital toxoplasmosis is most severe condition when occurs in early period of pregnancy. The main aim of this study is to determine prevalence of toxoplasmosis among aborted women in Garmian region by using both Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The study was carried out in Kalar General Hospital to detect Toxoplasma antibodies among 350 samples, in which 250 samples were from aborted women and 100 samples were from normal birth women as a control. Participants’ age was range from < 18 to > 35 years old. The data were collected form 15th January 2009 to 25th June 2010 by using a special questionnaire form to obtain full information from each participant. For statistical analysis of the data, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used. The study showed that (112) cases out of 250 were seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii by using LAT, (65) cases for IgG and (50) cases for IgM by using ELISA. In the abortion group, it showed (87) cases out of 150 were seropositive by using LAT, (51) cases for IgG and (40) cases for IgM (26.6%), whereas in normal birth group (control), it showed (25) case out of 100 were seropositive by using LAT, (14) case for IgG and (10) case for IgM by using ELISA. A High seropositivity percentage was recorded among housewives (35.2%) than teachers and employees (29.4%), (28.5%) respectively. Furthermore, a higher percentage of Toxoplasma seropositivity was recorded in rural area than urban area. The aborted women who were in contact with soil showed the higher rate of Toxoplasma seropositivity (38.7%) than those were not in contact with soil (25%). This study concluded that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis was higher in Garmian region and especially among those women who have lower education level and who live in rural areas. 
Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Cysticercus tenuicollis Isolated from Some Intermediate Host in Kurdistan-Iraq
Get PDFCysticercus tenuicollis (C. tenuicollis) is the larval stage infection of Taenia hydatigena, a common tapeworm of dogs and other Canidae, which has a wide range of intermediate hosts including sheep, goat, cattle, deer, camel, horse, human and other wild ruminants, the disease spreads through a contaminated water, soil and food with feces of infected dogs or other carnivores, T. hydatigena lives in the intestinal of the definitive host (carnivores) and excretes a huge number of eggs with feces daily. The present study conducted to determine the prevalence rate and molecular characterization of C. tenuicollis among sheep and goats in Sulaimani province. A total of 14088 slaughtered animals were inspected postmortem from the new Sulaimani abattoir comprise, which involves 13395 sheep and 693 goats. The selected cysts were preserved in 70% Ethanol for DNA extraction and molecular study, The mt-CO1 gene was amplified with a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the PCR product purified and DNA sequencing for reverse and forward strands was determined by a genetic analyzer, the obtained sequences aligned with the DNA sequences of T. hydatigena in Iran, Turkey and Palestine, which deposited in GenBank under the following accession number (JQ710588), (JN827307) and ( KM032284) respectively. The prevalence rate of C. tenuicollis was 2.63% in sheep and 2.58% in goats. This result shows no significant differences of C. tenuicollis between sheep and goats (p>0.05). The nucleotide sequence alignment of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO 1) gene revealed that the amplified DNA fragment is belong to Taenia hydatigena and Echinococcus granulosus and the nucleotide sequences of T. hydatigena deposited in GenBank under accession number (MH638348). This finding concludes that the amplification of mt-CO1 gene cannot be depended on discriminate hydatid cyst and C. tenuicollis while the partial DNA sequences of mt-CO1 gene are significantly valuable to differentiate C. tenuicollis from hydatid cyst, which is completely different in the pathology and control
The Effect of Different Irrigation Interval on Tuber Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Get PDFGaining high yield of potato is very crucial for farmer and quality also has a great impact on their production. Beside the quality and yield using the amount of irrigation also important to reduce water lose. The tuber yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is impacted by irrigated water. This study was carried out in two respectively season (2017 and 2018) in Halabja province of Kurdistan regional of Iraq to evaluate the impact of irrigation interval on quality and tuber yield in potato cultivars. In this study there are four irrigation intervals (3,5,7 and 9 days) used by furrow irrigation method which subjected in complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The potato tuber production in 3 day interval showed highest percentage also protein and starch content was recorded highest in both year of cultivation, but the abscisic acid was affected by more irrigation which in 3 day interval irrigation the rate was less than other. Also in 5 day interval irrigation the rate was acceptable because there is no significant difference in terms of tuber yield, protein and starch content if compare with 3 day interval irrigation in particular for those area faced restricted in using water irrigation
A study of oropharyngeal parasites infection in doves and domestic pigeons in some villages of Garmian -Iraqi Kurdistan region
Get PDFThe present study was performed in Garmian area-Iraqi Kurdistan Region on doves and domestic pigeons (Columbids) which were collected during the period from the1st of December 2015 to 30th April 2016 to study the naturally occurring of oropharyngeal parasites and their prevalence rates of infections. The wet samples were swabbed from oral cavity and pharyngeal region of all birds, and then screened by wet mount searching for parasites. The results of the current study revealed that only one species of protozoan parasite was identified which was Trichomonas gallinae. The results also showed that the total prevalence rate of infection from the total number of examined birds (249) was 54 (21.69%). Out of the 142 doves (63 males and 79 females) and 107 domestic pigeons (62 males and 45 females) examined, 29 (20.42%) doves [13 (20.63%) males and 16 (20.25%) females)] and 25 (23.36%) domestic pigeons [15 (24.19%) males and 10 (22.22%) females) were infected with T. gallinae protozoon parasite. In the present study it was found that the two examined bird species were infected with this protozoon and there was a gradual rise in prevalence of infection from beginning to end of the study. Small variations in the prevalence rate of T. gallinae infection between doves (20.42%) and domestic pigeons (23.36%) were observed but this variation not reached to the level of statistical significance (P >0.05). It is worthy to note that in all of the infected birds in the study Trichomoniasis occurred without observation of any apparent secondary diseases or signs. In conclusion Trichomoniasis is less common in urban doves and domestic pigeons in Garmian area, Kurdistan Region- Iraq. Further research is suggested in relation to protozoan parasite in other bird species in a study will be conducted in all months of the year to find the reasons which affect the prevalence rate of infection and to estimate the parasite-host relationship
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Mentha spicata L. plant from Sulaimaniyah in Iraq
Get PDFAerial parts of Mentha plants were collected from Sulaimaniyah city, during 15th Mar to 1st July 2016. Clevenger apparatus was used for plant sample distillation and then obtained essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The GC–MS analysis resulted in the detection of thirty-eight compounds which made up 100% of the total plant essential oil. The major components of the oil were (54.44%) of 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 2-methyl-5-(1- methylethenyl)-, (R)-, (27.72%) of D-Limonene, (3.29%) of 2-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 2-methyl-5-(1- methylethenyl)-, trans-, (2.16%) of Cyclohexanol, 2- methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-, (1.83%) of Bicyclo[3.1.0] hexan-2-ol,2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)- (1.alpha.,2.beta.,5.alpha.) and (1.03%) of 3- Cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (R)-. The significant inhibition percentages of Mentha spicata plants extract on the Aspergillus niger mycelial growth were 16.78%, 18.92%, 23.21%, 28.57% and 36.78%, in 32%, 34%, 36%, 38% and 40% dilution respectively, while other concentrations showed no significant effect
Biochemical markers and fertility rate of hydatid cyst isolated from human and animal in Sulaimani province
Get PDFHydatid disease is a helminthic infection, caused by the metacestode stage of cestode belonging to the Echinococcus grnulosus (dog tapeworm). The species and strain identification of Echinococcus are of medical importance for strategic control measuring. The present study achieved to determine and compare fertility and biochemical profiles of hydatid cyst fluid isolated from human, cattle, sheep and goat. The human originated cyst has been found to be more fertile (88%), followed by sheep-originated cyst (85%). The high rate of fertility was found in the liver followed by lungs in all intermediate hosts. However, the statistically significant differences of a biochemical test of cyst fluid among intermediate host were observed just in the uric acid, while the result of biochemical tests Hydatid cyst fluid isolated from liver significantly was higher than that of the lung for the most biochemical tests. The fertility and biochemical parameters value differences directly have related to the location of cyst and strains of E. granulosus. This finding concluded the sheep strain is a predominant strain and responsible for human and animal echinococcosis and sheep is the main intermediate host responsible for the perpetuation of the life cycle of E. granulosus in Sulaimani
Microalbuminuria in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Risk factors Title of your
Get PDFMicroalbuminuria is the most leading cause for cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, end stage renal diseases, and death among diabetic patients. The study carried out to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria in a sample of Sulaimani diabetics and to determine its relation to different associated risk factors. The first part of study was a cross-sectional study conducted through examination of records of diabetic patients registered in Sulaimani Diabetic Center from June 2010 to May 2012. The second part was a case- control study that conducted in the same center, including 50 cases of diabetics with positive microalbuminuria, and 50 controls with negative one, that were registered in the same center and matched by age and gender. A specially designed questionnaire was used by researcher to collect information from the records. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Males accounts for half of cases and controls, highest proportion of sample was found among age group (60-69) years about 34%. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 29%. The study showed a statistical significant association of microalbuminuria with obesity, smoking, hypertension, retinopathy, ischemic heart disease, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia. In conclusion moderate prevalence of microalbuminuria was found among diabetic patients, the prevalence was more common in poor glycemic control, and hypertensive diabetics. There was significant relation between microalbuminuria and diabetic nephropathy
Designing, manufacturing and testing of a micro combined heat and power (micro-CHP) system
Get PDFIn the present paper a micro-CHP is designed, built and tested based on a 5 kW diesel engine that is chosen to recover its water jacketing and exhaust waste energy and convert it into hot water. The hot water may be used as heating source or domestic hot water. Heat recovery for the lube oil, radiation, convection, and conduction to ambient is not used since they all count for only 13% of the inlet fuel energy. The results include the main characteristics in the design section, some pictures of the main components, the temperature of exhaust, water jacketing and tap water at different points of the system. In addition the heat recovery at different engine loads is also given. The experiments and results show that the overall efficiency of the CHP system can reach 60% which means more than 30% increase of efficiency when comparing with the case when only electricity was supposed to be produced by the engine
Novel Method for Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Performed Using a Disposable Bronchoscope (Ambu® aScope TM)
Get PDFLaparoscopic common bile duct (CBD) exploration can be performed following choledocotomy or via the trancystic approach. Laparoscopic CBD exploration is limited in some benign upper gastrointestinal units due to the cost of sterilization of the re-usable choledochoscope. We have recently published a case series confirming the safety and efficacy of the 5mm re-usable bronchoscope for CBD exploration. This case series evaluates a single-use bronchochoscope (Ambu aScopeTM) for laparoscopic CBD exploration. Data were collected from electronic records of the patients from January 2015 until December 2016; all the cases had confirmation of CBD stones. Twenty-one patients had CBD exploration using the disposable bronchochoscope. There were 7 male and 14 female (median age 42). 8 procedures were performed as emergencies and 13 were performed electively. All the cases were done laparoscopically apart from one planned as an open procedure due to previous extensive open surgery. Twenty cases had their CBD cleared using disposable bronchoscope and one needed subsequent special test follow up. Choledocotomy was performed in 15 and Tran’s cystic approach was performed in 6. No T-tube was used in the laparoscopic cases. 2 cases were performed as day case surgery. Median postoperative hospital stay was 2.5 days. In conclusion, the disposable bronchoscope is safe and effective for use in CBD exploration with results comparable to our previously published case series. It has guaranteed sterility and is cost effective compared to the re-usable bronchoscope especially when initial capital outlay, sterile processing and maintenance costs are considered