Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research (KJAR)
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Factors Associated with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage
Get PDFS. aureus is a common commensal of the skin and mucosal membranes of humans, with estimates of 20% (range from 12% to 30%) of healthy people are persistent S. aureus nasal carriers, 30% (range from 16% to 70%) are intermittent carriers, and 50% (range from 16% to 69%) are non-carriers. The aim of this article is to explore the factors associated with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus carriage among food handlers. Across sectional study was done to involve 200 persons who are handling foods in 40 restaurants in Duhok city in the study. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus was detect among 27% of studied population. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus carrier rate showed a significant association with skin and soft tissue infections, health facilities visits and certain jobs of food handlers. Age, duration of work in the restaurants, personal protective measures and antibiotic use showed no significant association with the prevalence of MRSA. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus carrier rate was higher among food handlers working in popular restaurants when compared to other restaurants. Ongoing screening of all persons who handled foods is crucial to detect and treat those are MRSA carrier as one of major public health issue
Effects of Celery Seed Extracts on Some Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Albino Rats Treated with Gentamicin
Get PDFThe present study targeted the influence of orally celery seeds (Apium graveolens) aqueous extract and ethanolic extracts on male albino rats injected with gentamicin intraperitoneally to investigate some hematological and biochemical parameters. Thirty-two male rats were weighing 300-400 gm carried out for the present research, they controlled environmentally. Animals were divided equally and randomly into four groups each of which contained eight rats. First group (control) included normal rats, group2 were given 100 mg/kg B.W. gentamicin (GM) intraperitoneally (IP), group3 (combined group) were given 100 mg/kg B.W. GM and 150 mg/kg B.W. celery seed ethanolic extract orally by needle gavage, and group4 (combined group) were given 100 mg/kg B.W. GM (IP) and celery seeds aqueous extract 150 mg/kg B.W. orally by needle gavage respectively the present study contiued for eight executive days. The results showed that the elevated by GM haematological parameters lowered by the celery seed aqueous extract as compared to the celery seed ethanolic extract group, while the elevated serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total cholesterol (TC) are decreased in group3 more than they were in the group4, in contrast to that the triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serum creatinine (CR), serum uric acid (UA), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) lowered in the group4 from the group 3. The present study concluded that both extracts of celery seeds play a vital biological role, including the improvement effects against the side effect of GM and offering health benefits through decreasing of elevated parameters
Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Get PDFCoronary artery disease is the most common cardiac disease with a worldwide distribution, and it is responsible for most of the mortalities regarding cardiovascular diseases if not detected early and treated properly. There are many lines in the treatment of coronary artery disease, starting from medical therapy, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery, preference of the choice of the type of the treatment depends on many factors. In fact when coronary artery bypass graft is indicated, although it carries a considerable risk of surgery, but the long-term survival is notably better than the other ways of treatment. This study was done to determine that the prevalence of multivessel coronary artery disease is more in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients. And more in females than males. In this study hundred, ninety patients were retrospectively studied, all of them underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery with or without other concomitant cardiac procedures (like valve surgery), but most of them were coronary artery bypass graft alone. We found that the number of coronary arteries affected is strongly related to the presence of diabetes mellitus. And females are more prone to have coronary artery disease than males. Thus diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, and the severity of the condition is confirmed by the number of the coronary arteries involved as well as the calcification or multiple stenosis in the same vessel
Prevalence and molecular characterization of Beta-lactamase resistance gene in multidrug resistance bacteria, Proteus spp.
Get PDFExisting of drug resistance bacteria in meat is a series of health concern and beta-lactamase is responsible to generate multi drug resistances in bacteria. Meat is a source of delivering food born pathogen bacteria including Proteus species. Recently Proteus bacteria developed drug resistance against many antimicrobial drugs and it causes difficulty in patient’s treatment. Hence its important to indicate the rate of Proteus species, P. mirabilis and P. Vulgaris, in the meat of different animals and to find the prevalence of b-lactamase resistance genes (blaTEM-1, blaCMY, blaCMY2, blaShv, blaOXA, and blaCTX) in Proteus species. Molecular identification of Proteus bacteria was confirmed by PCR amplification of part of 16S rRNA using Proteus specific set of primers. 70 meat samples (cattle, sheep, chicken, turkey, goat, and fish) were collected in local meat shops in the center of Sulaimani city. 29 (41.4%) samples were positive to Proteus species and 22 (75.87%) isolates were P. mirabilis and seven (24.13%) were P. vulgaris based on conventional biochemical tests. The drug sensitivity test was performed for all isolates using a disk diffusion assay (Kirby Bauer test). The multidrug resistance was found in all isolates and the most common drug resistance phenotype were against tetracycline, rifampin, and doxycycline, while the imepenem, tobramycin, and meropenem remain more effective against the bacteria. Resistance genes, blaTEM-1, and blaShv were found in five isolates (17.2%) of Proteus. Three isolates (10.3%) were positive to blaTEM-1 resistance gene and two isolates (6.8%) were positive to blaShv. All resistance genes recorded in this study were recovered in P. mirabilis and none of them was reported in p. vulgaris. None of the isolates was positive to beta-lactamase genes, blaCMY, blaCMY2, blaOXA, and blaCTX
The Incidence, Gender Predilection and Etiology of Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus
Get PDFPilonidal Sinus (PNS) is widely distributed in both the emergency department and General Surgery outpatient clinic. Most authors consider the disease as an acquired disease, occurs due to the insertion of broken hairs into the skin with the subsequent tissue inflammation and fibrosis. The incidence of PNS is particularly high in younger males, especially from the Mediterranean region. The aim of the current study was to determine the incidence of the PNS Disease in the city of Sulaimaniyah and the reasons behind the development of the disease. A prospective cohort study was performed in the period between January 2018 and January 2019(1 year) at the Department of Surgery of Shar Teaching Hospital, Sulaimaniyah City. All consecutive patients who presented to the Emergency Department or outpatient clinic and admitted to the Shar Hospital were investigated for the presence of Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal Sinus Disease. Those who found to have the disease were offered surgical excision and examination of the excised specimen for evaluation of the etiology of the Disease. Overall, 103 out of 1000 patients had Pilonidal sinus, while 897 out of 1000 patients did not show any sign of the disease. Fifty-three out of 103 patients with Pilonidal Sinus were symptomatic and the rest were asymptomatic. The factors which associated with the presence of PNS were: family history (23/103 compared with 45/897, p < 0.0001); overweight defined as BMI > 25 (39/103 compared with 213/897, p < 0.0001); having excessive body hair distribution (41/103 compared with 122/897, p < 0.05). PNS is considered one of the acquired clinical conditions, that is occurred due to insertion of a hair shaft into the skin, followed by subsequent local inflammation and granulation tissue formation. If the etiology is clearly identified, the condition can be readily prevented
The relaxant effect of Tamsulosin in the vascular reactivity of goat isolated renal artery
Get PDFAlpha-blockers including tamsulosin, are medications that relax muscles in the urinary tract to facilitate stone passage into the bladder. This research aimed to investigate the possible action of tamsulosin (1 × 10-3 – 10-8 M), in the vascular reactivity of goat isolated renal artery by using the organ bath and PowerLab data acquisition system. The results of recording and analysing showed that tamsulosin caused a concentrated-dependent relaxation of endothelium intact renal artery rings precontracted with a high level of KCl (60 mM) or phenylephrine (PE) (10-5 M), also tamsulosin exhibited potent inhibitory effects on PE, and less potent on KCl-induced contractions. Renal artery rings preincubated with potassium (K+) channels blocker glibenclamide (GLIB), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) inhibitor (indomethacin) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) inhibitor (Clotrimazole) have a significant effect in relaxation induced by tamsulosin. On the other side, subtype blockers from other K+ channels (tetraethylammonium, TEA), barium chloride (BaCl2) and inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (L-Name) not exhibited any role in the relaxation effect of tamsulosin. Furthermore, the role of L-type of calcium channels (nifedipine) and tamsulosin, suggesting a Ca++ channel blocking mechanism has a relaxant effect in the urinary tract smooth muscles. Thus, from these results, it can be concluded that both potassium and calcium channels play an important role in relaxation effect of tamsulosin, which is mediated possibly through blocking of KV, KATP, PGI2, EET and voltage-dependent calcium channels
Improved Image Compression Scheme Using Hybrid Encoding Algorithm
Get PDFA color image compression is the most challenging task in the field of multimedia. During last decades several techniques are developed for improving the quality, coding time and compression ratio using different coding strategies. In this work, an effective compression method for hybrid images is proposed based on the discrete wavelet transformation and hybrid encoding algorithm (Huffman and SPIHT). This paper's primary participation is to take advantage of the hybrid encoding technique to maintain the quality of the reconstructed image and the reduction of time complexity. The sample test images are taken from both standard image database and high-quality images (SD and HD). The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by using different metrics such as (PSNR, compression ratio and encoding time). Test results indicate that the time and compression ratio of encoding are improved in the expense of the image quality
Laboratory diagnosis of H. pylori among dyspeptic patients using Culture and Rapid urease test
Get PDFGlobally Helicobacter pylori has been defined is the prime reason of stomach ulcer and gastric cancer. Medical laboratory analysis of H. pylori infection is done by two ways invasive and non- invasive methods. Invasive techniques frequently disapproved by patients because it is inconvenient but still remain reliable methods. Among invasive methods, culture is considered as gold standard method from which other methods are compared. A sum of eighty six persons with average of ages between 18-77 years old with mean 37.58 years ± (forty three males , forty three females) who visited to endoscopic center / Azadi Teaching Hospital for endoscopic examination from June to Oct. 2013.From everyone , two antral biopsies, one for urease test, the other for culture were collected. Biographies from each case were taken in a questionnaire form after approval by Research Ethics Committee of the college of medicine / Duhok university. H. pylorus was found in 37.2% and 68% by Culture and Rapid urease test respectively. The biggest value percentage of H. pylori positive cases was detected by rapid urease test while the fewest value percentage was by Culture. Combination of both tests it did not approve as a diagnostic test for detection of this pathogenic bacteria. The study did not detect any statistical correlation on the impact of age factor on H. pylori infection by both methods. In this research appear males were less positive for H. pylori than females by urease test and no such statistical association was noticed count on the sex and Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity via culture. Research never noticed any considerable correlation was found between smoking status and patient's residence with H. pylori positive cases by both methods. This study was performed to estimate the appropriate and better diagnostic tests for diagnosis of H. pylori among various types of samples. Due to the increasing incidence of treatment failure (caused in part by antibiotic resistance), post-treatment testing is recommended to confirm H. pylori eradication. Knowledge of the epidemic and the Routes of transmission of this pathogen are important points to avoid from spreading and may be useful in identifying high-risk populations, especially in areas that have high rates of gastric lymphoma, gastric cancer, and gastric ulcer. The current study concludes (RUT) was superlative than culture for the detection of Helicobacter pylori
Improving The Performance of Big Data Databases
Get PDFReal-time monitoring systems utilize two types of database, they are relational databases such as MySQL and non-relational databases such as MongoDB. A relational database management system (RDBMS) stores data in a structured format using rows and columns. It is relational because the values of the tables are connected. A non-relational database is a database that does not adopt the relational structure given by traditional. In recent years, this class of databases has also been referred to as Not only SQL (NoSQL). This paper discusses many comparisons that have been conducted on the execution time performance of types of databases (SQL and NoSQL). In SQL (Structured Query Language) databases different algorithms are used for inserting and updating data, such as indexing, bulk insert and multiple updating. However, in NoSQL different algorithms are used for inserting and updating operations such as default-indexing, batch insert, multiple updating and pipeline aggregation. As a result, firstly compared with related papers, this paper shows that the performance of both SQL and NoSQL can be improved. Secondly, performance can be dramatically improved for inserting and updating operations in the NoSQL database compared to the SQL database. To demonstrate the performance of the different algorithms for entering and updating data in SQL and NoSQL, this paper focuses on a different number of data sets and different performance results. The SQL part of the paper is conducted on 50,000 records to 3,000,000 records, while the NoSQL part of the paper is conducted on 50,000 to 16,000,000 documents (2GB) for NoSQL. In SQL, three million records are inserted within 606.53 seconds, while in NoSQL this number of documents is inserted within 67.87 seconds. For updating data, in SQL 300,000 records are updated within 271.17 seconds, while for NoSQL this number of documents is updated within just 46.02 seconds.
 
Monitoring and Controlling Electric Power Stations Using GSM Network
Get PDFThis paper introduces a system design for monitoring and controls the components of power generation station and substation with help of existing communication link based on GSM network. In this design, a selected Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) connected to the fields that needed to be monitored and continuously read changes in measurements of electrical parameters like voltage, current, bus bar circuit breakers…..etc.. These parameters have been monitored by PLC, on the base of conditions that PLC is programmed. PLC generates a text message and forward to other side; control center or mobile phone of engineer and technicians; who are responsible of monitoring. At control center, another GSM modem which has capability to connect with personal computer, receives that text massage using SMS and executes it. Software written with Vb.Net, works as Human Machine Interface (HMI) for this purpose. The system performance is acceptable in terms of errors in readings and time delay. The percentage error for the current is about 1%, and for the voltage is about 0.2%. The delivery time to receive new analog and digital inputs data is about 14.125 seconds, while the control of the circuit done after 4.68 seconds