Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research (KJAR)
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Serum amylase level measurement in acute abdominal pain
Get PDFAcute abdominal pain is a frequent symptom to the emergency department, can be caused by various pathologic processes. The aim of this study was to appraise the role of serum amylase level in diagnostic workup of non-traumatic adult patients presented with acute abdominal pain to surgical emergency department (ED). Our study is based on data collected retrospectively from patients’ medical records admitted to Shar Emergency Surgical Unit, Sulaimani, Iraq from 10th January 2019 to 20th May 2019. All non-traumatic adult patients with acute abdominal pain within twenty-four hours before admission were included and serum amylase levels were measured on admission using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) available at (ED). Overall, 68 patients were included, with mean age of 45.9 years over the aforementioned time period, 44 females (64.7%) and 24 males (35.3%), of which 37 patients had normal serum amylase level (14 male and 23 female patients), defined as levels between (35 IU/L-115 IU/L) by the laboratory (ELISA) device used for all the tests, while the other 31 patients (10 males and 21 females) had high serum amylase levels due to different disease processes, the most common two with equal frequencies were acute calculous cholecystitis (41.9%) and acute pancreatitis (41.9%). Elevated serum amylase levels can be observed with several medical and surgical problems in patients with acute abdominal pain, but high values are usually associated with acute inflammatory pancreatic and gallbladder conditions, with very high levels in the former, making it one of the important diagnostic tools that can be used by health-care providers when evaluating patients suspected to have acute pancreatitis or acute calculous cholecystitis.
 
Awareness of medical students about standard isolation precautions In Sulaimani City
Get PDF The objectives of this study are to assess knowledge, Attitude and practice of medical students about standard isolation precautions and different college students and to identify those who vaccinated with HBV vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 27th of February 2019 till 1st of March 2019 in Sulaimani University among medical students .A convenient sample of 401 students were participated. Data was collected via online, entered by excel program and analyzed by SPSS program version 21. Chi-square test used to get the association, P value which is equal or less than 0.05 was regarded statistically significant. Majority of medical students had accepted knowledge (67 %), their attitude was positive (70 %), and had low practice (35 %). Most of the students answered wrongly regarding gloves should be worn if they attached to mucous membrane or non-intact skin and the highest percentage was among nursing college (85.3%), there was a significant association regarding P value (0.035).Most of the students believed that all health providers are at risk of occupational infections (75.6%), and the highest percentage was among nursing college (94.1%) and there was a significant association regarding P value (0.006). The percentage of the students that have taken a vaccine for Hepatitis B is (56.4%). Most of students had good knowledge regarding all aspects of Isolation Precaution, they had appropriate attitude toward it, high rate of medical students were lacking practice regarding the subject, in average college of Nursing had highest rate of all correct answers, About half of medical students have taken a vaccine for Hepatitis B
Peri Cholecystectomy Bile Analysis for Fasciola hepatica Eggs in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital
Get PDFFascioliasis is one of the oldest zoonotic infestations, which returned back to 3000 years B.C., it is caused by Fasciola hepatica or gigantica. It is a widespread disease throughout the world; nearly (2.4 – 17) millions of people is infected. Human is an accidental final host by ingestion of contaminated plants and water by metacircaria. Most of patients suffer from right upper abdominal pain with eosinophilia. Diagnosis is made on clinical background with imaging studies or laboratory (like stool and examinations biliary aspirate, intradermal test or ELISA to detect antibody). It must be taken into consideration as newly emerging infestation in our country. The aim of this study is to highlight on the magnitude of Peri Cholecystectomy Bile Analysis for Fasciola hepatica in Sulaimani province, Kurdistan region and even in Iraq as a whole. A prospective study was performed at Sulaimani Teaching Hospital. Bile samples were collected from who had cholecystectomy. Microscopical analysis was archived for finding egg of the parasite. In 129 samples, there were 7 (5.4%) positive cases of Fasciola hepatica 2 were adult worms, all were swimming in the gall bladder. 5 (3.9%) out of 7 (5.4%) samples were females and only 2 (1.5%) of cases were males. 4 (3.1%) out of 7 were from Sharazur terrain, and 3 (2.3%) of them from the center of Sulaimani city. Fascioliasis is a zoonotic problem. It must be put in differential diagnosis of any vague upper abdominal pain. It is a public health issue, so health worker must give awareness to the society about this disease, which is more easily preventable
Relatedness Among Three Native Geese in Erbil Governorate Using Hematological and Molecular Methods
Get PDFThe objective of the present study was to determine genetic diversity among three geese color types using RAPD markers and hematological parameters. The overall mean, of the live weights, Hemoglobin, Hetrophil %, Lymphocyte %, Monocyte %, and H/L ratio were 3.006 (kg), 14.64, 36.896, 49.896, 2.233 and 0.736 respectively. The breed, sex and interaction between them have a significant effect on live body weight, Hemoglobin, and Monocyte %. Ten primers were used and six out of them were selected based on their number of bands (NB) and polymorphic characteristics. A total of 309 bands observed, ranged from 30 in primer OPB-07 to 54 bands in OPA-20. Five unique bands were found only in white goose, whereas the highest unique band was obtained in primer OPB-01 locus. Overall genetic distance among native geese arrived 64.122 and phylogenetic dendrograms showed that 3 clusters, the first cluster content only white geese (Male and Female) breed, the second one cluster is included piebald geese breed (Male and female) and the third one was including gray geese (Male and female) breed. It was concluded that the white geese was closer to piebald geese than to the gray geese breed. The high genetic distance (64.122%) and variation in phenotypic value such as live weight (2.375 to 3.600 kg/bird) for three native geese indicate that these native geese have a good amount of genetic resources to made genetically improvement in further and it means the three goose samples are independent breeds. 
Response of some wheat cultivars to plot orientation and foliar boron levels
Get PDFThis investigation was conducted to understand the response of three newly introduced bread wheat cultivars to Erbil area (V1: FLORKWA, V2: BAJ and V3: FRANKOLIN) to three boron levels sprayed at elongation stage 0, 1 and 1.5 ppm concentration and oriented (South-North and East-West) row directions to study the vegetative and reproductive growth characters of wheat. The results showed that Leaf area, LAI, weight of leaf, light extinction coefficient, flag leaf length, fertility, number of spike and harvest index significantly increased in EW (East-West) compared to SN (South-North) row direction. While, the spike weight, spike length, number of kernels, grain yield and biological yield significantly increased in SN compare to EW row direction. There were not significant differences observed among different level of boron alone and different cultivars in all studied traits except plant height and 1000 kernels weight of V2 increased compared to other cultivars. Interactions of EW direction with both cultivars and levels of boron factors were improved the vegetable characteristics compared to NS direction. Grain yield of interaction between 1.5 ppm × SN, all cultivars × SN and 1.5 ppm boron × V1 × SN row direction were significantly (P<0.05) increased compared to other interactions. While the harvest index increased in interaction between 0 and 1.5 ppm × EW, V2×EW and 1.5 ppm × V1 × EW compared to other interactions
Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding FoodDrug Interaction in the Intensive Care and Emergency Hospitals
Get PDFUsually supplement is essential and fundamental components for ensure and creating the human body, also drugs seem to survey the life of each individual and ensure the wellbeing for a long life aimed most of illness, but in case nourishment sedate interaction ignored since of information shortage almost it or any reason maybe lead to futile of medicine for the patients or cause life threatening condition because of that, one of the most significant ethical point in every health care setting in the world is patient's safety; and the care for patients must be improved in every country to prevent complication of interaction between food and drug. The main objective of this cross-sectional study has been conducted to assess the nurses' knowledge regarding food-drug interaction (FDI) at the intensive care in both of Shar and emergency hospitals in the Slemani city, the data were collected during the period of October up to the end of December. Non-probability, (purposive sample) of 78 nurses at both hospitals, a questionnaire was designed according to literatures and books regarding FDI which contained 25 items, 8 items for demographic characteristics, and 17 items concerning FDI. The validity of the questionnaire was given to a panel of 7 experts, a pilot study was carried out to check the reliability of the questionnaire which determined through the use of stability reliability (test-retest) approach which was estimated as r = 0.81. The data were collected through the interviewing of the study sample and analyzed through the using of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS, version 23, and analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The findings of the present study conclude that more than half of nurses had low knowledge and none of them had high level of knowledge, also there is no significant association between the levels of knowledge with age, gender, educational level, years of experience and working place. The study suggested extends the knowledge of nurses regarding the FDI, by training courses from clinical pharmacologists
The History of a Hospital and Challenge of Expansion: CostEffectiveness and Surgical Coverage
Get PDFThe aims of this study are to estimate the cost-effectiveness of ophthalmic procedures that were performed after expansion at Shahid Aso Eye Hospital, to analyze how much cost the expansion and rebuilding this hospital can save to the local community and to estimate the expansion of ophthalmic surgical coverage after rebuilding of Shahid Aso Eye hospital. Data collected was based on the retrospective data documented in Shahid Aso Eye Hospital before its expansion, and after its rebuilding to a new specialized hospital from a small department, in addition to that the survey of new ophthalmic branches in different districts of Sulaimani Governorate was incorporated into this study. The number of operations performed, a number of doctors trained and an increase in surgical coverage were calculated. The results showed that there is an increase in the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained with ophthalmic surgeries and DALY. Furthermore, there is an increase in the surgical coverage in all the districts of Sulaimani governorate. In addition, there is an additional benefit of reviving estimated lost money of about 2000, 000-4000, 000 $ USA dollars to the local market. In conclusion, expansion of Shahid Aso Hospital was beneficial for community from both health point of view and economically for the local market
Enhancement of Voltage Stability by Using SVC for 30-Bus Power System
Get PDFVoltage stability refers to maintaining the value of the voltage in all busses of the electric network at a steady level (initial operating point) during any sudden disturbance. Voltage instability may happen due to an increase in the demand of the load or in case of any change in the reactive power, thus, the system will go into uncontrollable and unstoppable decline in the voltage level. The effect of Static Var Compensator (SVC) on voltage stability is discussed in the paper, as well as the improvement of the voltage profile. Usually, SVC and FACTS devices were used for enhancing the voltage level profile and so the stability. Choosing the optimal location for the FACTS devices is essential due to its expensive costs. This paper used sensitivity factor to helpful to determine the most correct placement of FACTS devices in the system. Simulations are performed on Kurdistan Region 30-bus Power System using MATLAB-PSAT tool. As a result, the voltage of all 30 buses calculated. Based on the “voltage sensitivity factor”, the nominated weak buses has been marked which are suitable for placing the FACTS devices in order to improve the limits of the voltage stability of the system. Moreover, depending on the obtained optimal locations, a full analysis of the voltage and powers for the system has applied in two cases, before and after placing SVC respectively which is result in notable stability improvement and losses reduction
The Impact of Care Upon Alzheimer Patient’s Family Caregiver in Sulaimani City
Get PDFFamily Care giving for relatives with Alzheimer, often includes assisting them with one or more activities of daily living, as Alzheimer is one of the progressive impairment diseases in patient’s physical and cognitive ability. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of being a family caregiver of Alzheimer patients in Sulaimani city. A cross-sectional quantitative study carried out among family members who care for older patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The instrument was designed and constructed by the researcher through an intensive review of the literature and also through a series of meeting survey with caregivers in order to measure the variables underlying the present study. The data were obtained by the researcher, who interviewed families, structured questionnaire forms filled out with a total of 100 families. These were taken using a random sample of those families have Alzheimer’s problem in Sulaimani city. The majority of participants were women with a mean age 53.75 years old, married, housewives and with university education. More than half of the Caregiver was suffered from moderate to severe burdens. Rotated Component Matrix was used to get the level of effectiveness by a series of components according to the important effects of the variables on Alzheimer disease. The researcher found that the financial burden has taken the first order, followed by psychological and then a social burden. The finding of the study shows a significant relationship between some demographic characteristics and the three dimensions of the burden. It appears that financial factor is in the first rank by a total variance (85.151), then psychological factors by a total variance (81.532) then the social factor by total variance (65.851). Financial factor was the strongest factor that impacted their family income. Some psychosocial oriented services are recommended for the caregivers in order to decrease the stress and help them to adapt to the situation. Some educational programs are also required to facilitate providing enhanced physical and psychological care. This study also recommends allocating salary for every patient to ease the financial burden on the caregiver
Outcomes after Surgery for Malignant Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to declare the role of surgery in potentially curative malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, in term of prognosis, survival and complications after the surgical procedures. Does the surgery play a significant role in the best patient’s interest even in metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors? Clinical and pathological factors that changed the outcomes were also analyzed. It is retrospective, case series study. All patients who were undergoing surgery for malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from 2013 to 2018. Results show that, sixteen patients were recruited with a mean age at diagnosis of 49.31 years, (ranging from 19-80 years). There were 8 male and 8 female patients. Common symptoms were abdominal pain 12 (75%) of them three cases had clinical jaundice 3 (18.8%) and one case had acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis. One (6.3%) patient had functional tumor, and the rest 15 (93.8%) were nonfunctional tumors; all of the patients were sporadic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Overall morbidity was (43.8%) with no perioperative mortality. The median follow-up period was 23 months, ranging from 5-68 months. Recurrence occurred in four cases with a median disease-free interval of 9.5 moths with grade of differentiation (P-value 0.027), lymph node metastases (P-value 0.027) and tumor stage (P-value 0.017) were associated with recurrent disease. The overall 5 year survival was 81.2% and the disease free survival was (75%) at 5 year, with grade of tumor (P-value 0.001), lymph node metastases (P-value 0.001), invasion of other visceral organs(P-value 0.018) and recurrence (P-value 0.001)were associated with decreased survival. In conclusion, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have favorable long-term survival after surgical resections even in the presence of liver metastases depending on the grade of differentiation of tumor and lymph node metastases rather than liver metastases and other factor