Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research (KJAR)
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Effect of Wheat Germ on Quality of Wheat Bread Dough
Get PDFThe most interesting component of wheat is the wheat germ that is recognized as a secondary product in the industry of wheat milling; it has fascinating nutritional values that cannot be ignored. However, it has slender usage due to its significant chance of rancidity and the negative effect it causes the dough quality. Investigation in this study showed that how wheat germ affects the rheological quality of dough and the influences on the final product by its addition to bread, also to find out the best and most amount of wheat germ addition with the best bread quality that is unrecognizable by customers. For this intention, divergent quantities of the mille draw germ of wheat (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were added to the flour used for making bread dough. Afterward, the dough’s rheological characteristics and the endmost quality characteristics of the bread were analyzed and compared to the control sample from both the Sensory evaluation and physical evaluation sentiments. Wheat germ insertion to dough flour caused an increase browning of the dough but decreased dough firmness, stretch-ability, and dough strength. The more the amount of the additional wheat germ to the wheat dough, the more the changes appeared, including decreasing extensibility and strength in addition to taste the difference. The bread made from dough with the highest amount of inserted wheat germ dispensed the smaller volume, less elasticity, and cohesiveness, while more firm and darker in color of both crust and crumb of the product. All bread acquired allowable outcomes in the sensory examination, yet inserting of wheat germ with a rate of (20% to flour) decreased appearance, texture, and overall acceptability outcomes of bread. Consequently, the addition of the germ worsens the rheology attribution of dough, lessen gelatinization temperature and qualification of bread, so it has to be added in a particular amount to keep both nutritional value and the quality of the bread as high as possible
Assessing Soil Tolerance Limit for Two Soil Orders Surrounding Sulaimani City
Get PDFThis research was conducted to determined Soil loss tolerance limit (SLTL) which used for soil and water conservation projects and assessing the potential risk of soil erosion. In this study, two different sites were selected including Bakrajo and Qallachwalan were located 9.4 and 23.7 km far from Sulaimani city respectively. The soil orders in the two studied sites were determined through describing the soil profile properties which were known as Vertisols and Mollisols respectively. Each site was divided into 16 sub-sites using the grid point system. The dimension of each site was (2.5*2.5 km). The estimated soil tolerance limit for whole grid points except one grid point at Bakrajo site was equal to 12.5 (Mg/ ha/ yr), while at Qallachwalan in a wide range as 2.5-10 (Mg/ ha/ yr). The mentioned results of soil tolerance limit explained that the Bakrajo site is more resistant to the risk of water erosion compared to Qallachwalan site which was known as a rugged area. Besides the most soil depth of the grid points at Qallachwalan was shallow did not exceed 50 cm. So the Qallachwalan site needs several processes conservation planning than the Bakrajo site which known as more deep and flatty soil
Laborer’s Efficiency of Gypsum Plastering in Sulaimani City’s Projects
Get PDFIn this study, the Laborer’s Efficiency (LE) in building projects in Sulaimani City practically on field sites were investigated for Gypsum plastering (GP). Accordingly, four constructional different buildings as Multistory, commercial and houses were considered. Overall 11 main important factors during 30 practical records on field sites were practically observed. As a result, for the first time the Laborers’ Efficiency (LE) was measured and classified into three categories high, medium and low for two specific heights which were 0-2 m and 2-3 meters height of walls. On the other hand, it concluded that the LE for the height of 0-2m affected on LP from 15.18 to 21.35m2/hr., with a proportion of 40.6%. In addition to the LE affected-on LP for the height of 2-3m and varied the LP range between 13.33-15 m2/hr., with a proportion of 12.5%
Lidocaine Versus Ketamine Pretreatment on Propofol Injection Pain
Get PDFPropofol is commonly used intravenous anesthesia induction drug but it causes ache upon use, many methods with different results, have been suggested to prevent this pain, the current research was concluded in order to investigate the impact of lidocaine, ketamine in reducing the ache on giving intravenous propofol. This study is randomized controlled clinical trial lasting from June 2015 to November 2015 during which 107 consenting (ASA1 and ASA2) patients were prepared for elective operation with general anesthesia. They randomly split to three subgroups, A cannula (size20) used in the dorsum hand veins, standard monitor was established patients received either 2mL (40 mg) of lidocaine or 2mL (20mg) of ketamine and 2 mL of saline 1 min before injection 2.5 milligram per kilogram propofol. ache severity observed by using four number pain scale, zero = none, one= mild pain, two = moderate pain, and three = intense pain. Atracurium used for indotracheal intubation, isoflurane and fentanyl for anesthesia maintenance. There were no variations between the study groups regarding ASA status, Sex, age. The incidence of ache when injecting propofol were observed in the normal saline group was 86.5% and it was more than ketamine group 0% and lidocaine group 20% (p=0.0002). In the normal saline pretreatment group 8.1% of the patient experienced severe pain, compared with 0% in the lidocaine and ketamine. It can be concluded that intravenous ketamine and lidocaine were equally effective in preventing Ache during propofol injection.  
Evaluating the risk of bacterial infections associated with the most handled Iraqi notes in Kalar
Get PDFEvery day new sources of microbial and especially bacterial infections are reported, which are not taken into account, the fact that these sources have been implicated in the outbreaks of these infections. The goals of the current research focused on the exploration of the scope of microbial pollution of the widely traded paper currency notes of the Iraqi currencies (250, 1000 and 5000 Iraqi Dinars) in Kalar city. 300 banknotes (100 samples for each of the denominations under investigation) in circulation were gathered from different categories of Kalar population and one fresh sample for each of the three currencies (control negative). Each bill was rinsed in 5 ml D.W then cultured on Nutrient agar, Mannitol Salt agar and MacConkey agar, respectively, then incubated at 37 ºC for up to 48 hours. Results revealed the rate of microbial contamination, specifically bacterial ones as 94%, 68%, and 60%, respectively on the denominations of 250, 1000, and 5000 of Iraqi Dinars. In a descending order, and with regard to the prevalence rate, bacterial species contaminated 250, 1000 and 5000 Iraqi denominations respectively were as follows: 55.31%, 32.35% and 36.66% for Bacillus sp.; 14.89%, 38.23% and 20% for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; 8.51%, 8.82% and 20% for E. coli; 2.12%, 11.76 and 20% for Pseudomonas sp.; 2.12% for each of Klebsiella sp., and Salmonella sp.; 10.63% and 4.25% for Enterobacter sp. and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, and only on 250 denomination; 2.94% and 5.88% for each of Corynebacterium sp. and Serratia sp. only on 1000 currency note; lastly, 3.33% for Proteus sp. on 5000 IQD only. These outcomes suggest that bacterial contamination of Iraqi Dinars, specifically the 250 denomination is risky and could be regarded as the real source of infectious diseases with the most dangerous pathogenic bacteria.
 
Thyroid disorders among patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFRecently hospitals are full of patient suffering from several chronic diseases. Two of these diseases are Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Thyroid diseases. DM is a chronic disease characterized by irregular abnormal elevation of blood glucose level. It is classified in to several types depending on the situation; the major types are type I and type II. Thyroid disease is an endocrine disease which characterized by over production or decrease in production of thyroid hormones by thyroid glands. The main function of thyroid hormones is the regulation of body metabolism. Both of diseases are endocrine disease. These diseases currently the major hurdle among patient and become the great challenge in front of government capability to fight the problem. These data were collected between the last months of 2017 to the 15th of April 2018 from overall 300 patients. All the information has been collected from Diabetic and Endocrine Center, Shorsh Hospital and Medical DAIK Group in Sulaiman city. In total of 300 patients, Twenty five percent 25% of patients have both diabetes and thyroid disease. Fifty nine percent 59% of patients only have diabetes without any sign of thyroid problem, and finally only Sixteen percent 16% were have thyroid problem again without any evidence of having diabetes signs. This study showed that from the collection of (300) patients, seventy five (75) patients have both diabetes mellitus and thyroid diorders, these are more predominance in overage 40 years of mostly females, illiterate and housewife that mostly were insulaimani city
Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Ulcerative Colitis in Mosul city, Iraq
Get PDFUlcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with heterogeneous disease presentation. A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken in Mosul General Hospital. The study was conducted using two distinct methodologies. An observational checklist was used by the researcher to assess the patients’ characteristics and factors related to UC from 200 hospitalized patients from December 2018 to April 2019. Data were entered into spreadsheets and analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The results showed that 49.0% of patients was males and 51.0% was female; the mean age was 46.36 years old. Elderly stage (> 45 years of age) makes the highest proportion of the patients 99 (49.5%). The majority of patients was from urban or inside Mosul city center 140 (70%). The study also showed that the more frequency of patients 103 (51.5%) were in severe condition. Patients were used or given more antibiotics, they will be liked to get UC 191 (95.5%) and the relation was found to be statistically significant at (p<0.001). The study showed that 95 (47.5%) of all cases had a previous family history of UC. Out of 102 female patients, 45 (44.1%) were more frequently under uses of contraceptive pills. 60 (58.8%) of patients was in severe cases of UC and followed by moderate 35 (34.3%). Out of 103 severe cases, 60 of them were female. These differences were statistically significant at (p<0.05). In addition, out of 45 female patients were used oral contraceptive pills, 30 (66.7%) of them were in severe cases of UC and followed by 14 (31.1%) were in moderate cases. Majority of patients previously were sensitive to spices 160 (80.0%) and followed by fish and eggs 21 (10.5) 16 (8.0%) respectively. In addition, out of 160 spices sensitive patients, 80 (50.5%) of them were in severe cases and 61 (38.1%) were in moderate cases. Statistically, these differences are significant at (p<0.05). In conclusion, UC among late adult in our community needs critical care and monitoring. The female patients were at risk of UC especially, who uses oral contraceptive pills. The random and more antibiotic uses are considered as major risk factors lead to cause UC
The association of codon 392 polymorphism in ESR2 gene with breast cancer in Iran
Get PDFEpidemiological studies revealed that the pattern of age onset of breast cancer in the Middle East region differ from those in Caucasians. Therefore, genomic data for ESR2 (ER-?) is of the value in the clinical setting for that ethnic group and the aim of the current investigation is investigated whether polymorphisms in the ER-? gene are associated with breast cancer risk among Iranian women. The coding sequence in Exon 7 at ESR2 gene was looking for any variation among the Iranian breast cancer women by SSCP-PCR method. In codon 392 of exon 7, showed a silent SNP (silent single nucleotide polymorphism). The frequency of allele G in codon 392 (CTC ? CTG was found only in cases (5.7%). We also found that allele G in codon 392 (C1176G) had direct association with development of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. The current results suggest that ESR2 SNP in exon 7, codon 392 is associated with various aspects of breast cancer in Iran. ESR2 gene structure determination, in presurgical evaluation, might be a useful marker in predicting familial breast cancer and metastasis in LN
Molecular Identification of Fusarium proliferatum from toenails: A case report
Get PDFFusarium is a saprophytic fungus which is broadly disseminated in soil, plant debris and other organic substrates. These fungi can affect indigenous tissue in immunocompromised patients and result in some fungal infections such as Onychomycosis, bone and joint disease, or sinusitis. In this paper, we report a 56-year-old female has Diabetes milletus who established to disseminate Fusarium infection in her left first toenail from the Dermatology Department / Khabat Skin Center, Sulaimani Province, Iraq. To study of these fungi as the true causative agents of nail infection, we describe a PCR/sequencing assay to confirm routinely diagnosis of the infecting fungi in this case with toenail Onychomycosis. Designation of the ordinary laboratory of Fusarium is very challenging because of the septate hyphae of Fusarium are hard to discriminate from those of Aspergillus, which has a more favourable consequence and this time-consuming. Therefore, molecular tools were used for identification of F. proliferatum from this case by amplifying ITS region of rDNA using a pair of universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. Infectious fungal molecular detection advances the select of right antifungal therapy, in that way improving the medication rate of nails infections. DNA sequence analysis and Phylogenetic tree of the amplified ITS-rDNA was used for species identification of this strain of F. proliferatum. For final identification sequencing of DNA has been carried out by [Macrogen Korea] using forward primer ITS1, The obtained consensus of query sequence was compared with the ITS DNA database on the BLAST homepage, aligned and diagnosed strain deposited to the GenBank and we received an accession number (MK112619). The sequence of the F. proliferatum amplicon was aligned using ClustalW and the alignment was used to make phylogenetic analysis using MEGA software version X. To the best of our knowledge, the isolated Fusarium in this paper is the first case of its kind to be sequenced and reported by the molecular method in Kurdistan region of Ira
Antibacterial Activity of Copper Nanoparticles Fabricate via Malva Sylvesteris Leaf Extract
Get PDFA Green reduction of copper ions Cu2+ has been achieved by one-step process and at room temperature utilizing Malva sylvesteris. The extract of Malva Sylvesteris leaf has been identified using qualitative tests to detect the bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids and carbohydrates. Characterization of copper nanoparticles was diagnosed by Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy that confirms the band characteristic for copper nanoparticles in the range of 200–700 nm and the role of Malva Selvesteris leaf extract biomolecules was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystal shape of nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) at average (20.96 nm) and the peaks correspond to the face centered cubic structure of cooper metal. Effective antiseptic activity of copper nanoparticles determined by measurement of inhibition zone showed against representative microorganism of bacteria (Gram-positive: Clostridium Staph.aureus;) and (Gram-negative: Escherichia col; Pseudomonas; Klebsiell