Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
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„Россия поднимается с колен” четверть века спустя: медиалингвистический анализ политической мифологемы
No full textThe focus of this article is the national political myth “Russia is rising from its knees” constituting the foundation of the narrative practices of state propaganda, an effective mechanism of suggestion, inscribed in the national picture of the world, based on archetypal ideas of society and not requiring an evidence base. The significance of the myth in the political sphere lies in the fact that it is based not on intricate intellectual arguments, but on the hypnotization of the masses, updating mythological narratives and appealing to irrational, emotional consciousness. The mythologeme – as a verbal carrier of the myth, a complex type of a sign with the function of a concept and figurative content – serves as a symbolic encoding of the world and consolidation of society. Complex phenomena fitted into a fixed verbal formula are reduced to generally understandable ideas, take hold in collective consciousness via stereotypical nominations and become the subject of faith, not reasoning. The author consistently defines the national myth and the political myth, determines the functions of the political myth, traces the genesis of the mythologeme “Russia is rising from its knees”, its wide distribution in Russian society, its symbolic and semantic content and, finally, the ridicule of this political construct in the corpus of memes. The analyzed Internet memes are a product of collective network creativity, the result of a culture of resistance to political mythology. The article contributes both to the theory and to the practical analysis of the mythology.The focus of this article is the national political myth “Russia is rising from its knees” constituting the foundation of the narrative practices of state propaganda, an effective mechanism of suggestion, inscribed in the national picture of the world, based on archetypal ideas of society and not requiring an evidence base. The significance of the myth in the political sphere lies in the fact that it is based not on intricate intellectual arguments, but on the hypnotization of the masses, updating mythological narratives and appealing to irrational, emotional consciousness. The mythologeme – as a verbal carrier of the myth, a complex type of a sign with the function of a concept and figurative content – serves as a symbolic encoding of the world and consolidation of society. Complex phenomena fitted into a fixed verbal formula are reduced to generally understandable ideas, take hold in collective consciousness via stereotypical nominations and become the subject of faith, not reasoning. The author consistently defines the national myth and the political myth, determines the functions of the political myth, traces the genesis of the mythologeme “Russia is rising from its knees”, its wide distribution in Russian society, its symbolic and semantic content and, finally, the ridicule of this political construct in the corpus of memes. The analyzed Internet memes are a product of collective network creativity, the result of a culture of resistance to political mythology. The article contributes both to the theory and to the practical analysis of the mythology.The focus of this article is the national political myth “Russia is rising from its knees” constituting the foundation of the narrative practices of state propaganda, an effective mechanism of suggestion, inscribed in the national picture of the world, based on archetypal ideas of society and not requiring an evidence base. The significance of the myth in the political sphere lies in the fact that it is based not on intricate intellectual arguments, but on the hypnotization of the masses, updating mythological narratives and appealing to irrational, emotional consciousness. The mythologeme – as a verbal carrier of the myth, a complex type of a sign with the function of a concept and figurative content – serves as a symbolic encoding of the world and consolidation of society. Complex phenomena fitted into a fixed verbal formula are reduced to generally understandable ideas, take hold in collective consciousness via stereotypical nominations and become the subject of faith, not reasoning. The author consistently defines the national myth and the political myth, determines the functions of the political myth, traces the genesis of the mythologeme “Russia is rising from its knees”, its wide distribution in Russian society, its symbolic and semantic content and, finally, the ridicule of this political construct in the corpus of memes. The analyzed Internet memes are a product of collective network creativity, the result of a culture of resistance to political mythology. The article contributes both to the theory and to the practical analysis of the mythology.The focus of this article is the national political myth “Russia is rising from its knees” constituting the foundation of the narrative practices of state propaganda, an effective mechanism of suggestion, inscribed in the national picture of the world, based on archetypal ideas of society and not requiring an evidence base. The significance of the myth in the political sphere lies in the fact that it is based not on intricate intellectual arguments, but on the hypnotization of the masses, updating mythological narratives and appealing to irrational, emotional consciousness. The mythologeme – as a verbal carrier of the myth, a complex type of a sign with the function of a concept and figurative content – serves as a symbolic encoding of the world and consolidation of society. Complex phenomena fitted into a fixed verbal formula are reduced to generally understandable ideas, take hold in collective consciousness via stereotypical nominations and become the subject of faith, not reasoning. The author consistently defines the national myth and the political myth, determines the functions of the political myth, traces the genesis of the mythologeme “Russia is rising from its knees”, its wide distribution in Russian society, its symbolic and semantic content and, finally, the ridicule of this political construct in the corpus of memes. The analyzed Internet memes are a product of collective network creativity, the result of a culture of resistance to political mythology. The article contributes both to the theory and to the practical analysis of the mythology
Pseudoargumentacja i jej wpływ na aksjologię tekstu (analiza wybranych mikrotekstów polsko i rosyjskojęzycznego dyskursu publicznego)
No full textEvaluative judgments implying evaluation, appearing in the course of the public narrative, are usually accompanied by various types of pseudo-argumentation. The aim of the analysis is to typologize the arguments found, to determine which of the methods of pseudo-argumentation issued most often and whether it is possible to find significant analogies or differences in the use of this narrative device in the Polish and Russian public discursive space. The pseudo-arguments identified in the analyzed texts of the articles were divided into six groups: arguments relating to emotions, intuition, obviousness, tradition, authority and crowd. The most numerous group were references to authorities, including the so-called “experts” and “analysts”. It is also worth noting that the least representative group of pseudo-arguments were references to tradition, which may be symptomatic of other changes in the contemporary information society. An important issue is also the subject matter of axiologically marked microtexts. In Polish-language value judgments, criticism of Russia was most often implied, while Russian public discourse was axiologically dominated by the denial of the West as a provocateur of the armed conflict in Ukraine. The isolation of pseudo-arguments from public discourse text sand their typologization in the comparative context of two different ethnic discourses is the result of combining discourse analysis and textual linguistics with axio-linguistic methods and elements of rhetoric. This made it possible to conduct a study, the results of which may be interesting from the point of view of differences in the ways of verbalizing evaluation in different linguistic spaces.Evaluative judgments implying evaluation, appearing in the course of the public narrative, are usually accompanied by various types of pseudo-argumentation. The aim of the analysis is to typologize the arguments found, to determine which of the methods of pseudo-argumentation issued most often and whether it is possible to find significant analogies or differences in the use of this narrative device in the Polish and Russian public discursive space. The pseudo-arguments identified in the analyzed texts of the articles were divided into six groups: arguments relating to emotions, intuition, obviousness, tradition, authority and crowd. The most numerous group were references to authorities, including the so-called “experts” and “analysts”. It is also worth noting that the least representative group of pseudo-arguments were references to tradition, which may be symptomatic of other changes in the contemporary information society. An important issue is also the subject matter of axiologically marked microtexts. In Polish-language value judgments, criticism of Russia was most often implied, while Russian public discourse was axiologically dominated by the denial of the West as a provocateur of the armed conflict in Ukraine. The isolation of pseudo-arguments from public discourse text sand their typologization in the comparative context of two different ethnic discourses is the result of combining discourse analysis and textual linguistics with axio-linguistic methods and elements of rhetoric. This made it possible to conduct a study, the results of which may be interesting from the point of view of differences in the ways of verbalizing evaluation in different linguistic spaces.Evaluative judgments implying evaluation, appearing in the course of the public narrative, are usually accompanied by various types of pseudo-argumentation. The aim of the analysis is to typologize the arguments found, to determine which of the methods of pseudo-argumentation issued most often and whether it is possible to find significant analogies or differences in the use of this narrative device in the Polish and Russian public discursive space. The pseudo-arguments identified in the analyzed texts of the articles were divided into six groups: arguments relating to emotions, intuition, obviousness, tradition, authority and crowd. The most numerous group were references to authorities, including the so-called “experts” and “analysts”. It is also worth noting that the least representative group of pseudo-arguments were references to tradition, which may be symptomatic of other changes in the contemporary information society. An important issue is also the subject matter of axiologically marked microtexts. In Polish-language value judgments, criticism of Russia was most often implied, while Russian public discourse was axiologically dominated by the denial of the West as a provocateur of the armed conflict in Ukraine. The isolation of pseudo-arguments from public discourse text sand their typologization in the comparative context of two different ethnic discourses is the result of combining discourse analysis and textual linguistics with axio-linguistic methods and elements of rhetoric. This made it possible to conduct a study, the results of which may be interesting from the point of view of differences in the ways of verbalizing evaluation in different linguistic spaces.Evaluative judgments implying evaluation, appearing in the course of the public narrative, are usually accompanied by various types of pseudo-argumentation. The aim of the analysis is to typologize the arguments found, to determine which of the methods of pseudo-argumentation issued most often and whether it is possible to find significant analogies or differences in the use of this narrative device in the Polish and Russian public discursive space. The pseudo-arguments identified in the analyzed texts of the articles were divided into six groups: arguments relating to emotions, intuition, obviousness, tradition, authority and crowd. The most numerous group were references to authorities, including the so-called “experts” and “analysts”. It is also worth noting that the least representative group of pseudo-arguments were references to tradition, which may be symptomatic of other changes in the contemporary information society. An important issue is also the subject matter of axiologically marked microtexts. In Polish-language value judgments, criticism of Russia was most often implied, while Russian public discourse was axiologically dominated by the denial of the West as a provocateur of the armed conflict in Ukraine. The isolation of pseudo-arguments from public discourse text sand their typologization in the comparative context of two different ethnic discourses is the result of combining discourse analysis and textual linguistics with axio-linguistic methods and elements of rhetoric. This made it possible to conduct a study, the results of which may be interesting from the point of view of differences in the ways of verbalizing evaluation in different linguistic spaces
“россия” со строчной буквы: мифологический подход
No full textThis paper examines the contemporary phenomenon of Ukrainians writing the word “Russia” with a lowercase letter in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. This practice has attracted the attention of Ukrainian researchers, who interpret it as a way of expressing emotions such as neglect. However, scholars tend to describe this phenomenon as self-evident without explaining how a change in letter case can convey emotions. A retrospective analysis reveals the evolving function of capital letters in Latin and Cyrillic scripts – from a utilitarian role in text division to the acquisition of their own semantic significance, particularly in the case of proper names. The paper also proposes an interpretation of the lowercase spelling of “russia” using the myth theory developed by Juri Lotman and Boris Uspensky, founders of the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School. The study argues that altering a proper name is not simply a manipulation of ordinary language but an appeal to a special layer of mythological language. What appears from a descriptive perspective to be a mere renaming is, from the perspective of myth, a redefinition of the object itself. One object (“Russia”) disappears, and its place is taken not by a modified version, but by a fundamentally different object (“russia”).This paper examines the contemporary phenomenon of Ukrainians writing the word “Russia” with a lowercase letter in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. This practice has attracted the attention of Ukrainian researchers, who interpret it as a way of expressing emotions such as neglect. However, scholars tend to describe this phenomenon as self-evident without explaining how a change in letter case can convey emotions. A retrospective analysis reveals the evolving function of capital letters in Latin and Cyrillic scripts – from a utilitarian role in text division to the acquisition of their own semantic significance, particularly in the case of proper names. The paper also proposes an interpretation of the lowercase spelling of “russia” using the myth theory developed by Juri Lotman and Boris Uspensky, founders of the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School. The study argues that altering a proper name is not simply a manipulation of ordinary language but an appeal to a special layer of mythological language. What appears from a descriptive perspective to be a mere renaming is, from the perspective of myth, a redefinition of the object itself. One object (“Russia”) disappears, and its place is taken not by a modified version, but by a fundamentally different object (“russia”).This paper examines the contemporary phenomenon of Ukrainians writing the word “Russia” with a lowercase letter in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. This practice has attracted the attention of Ukrainian researchers, who interpret it as a way of expressing emotions such as neglect. However, scholars tend to describe this phenomenon as self-evident without explaining how a change in letter case can convey emotions. A retrospective analysis reveals the evolving function of capital letters in Latin and Cyrillic scripts – from a utilitarian role in text division to the acquisition of their own semantic significance, particularly in the case of proper names. The paper also proposes an interpretation of the lowercase spelling of “russia” using the myth theory developed by Juri Lotman and Boris Uspensky, founders of the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School. The study argues that altering a proper name is not simply a manipulation of ordinary language but an appeal to a special layer of mythological language. What appears from a descriptive perspective to be a mere renaming is, from the perspective of myth, a redefinition of the object itself. One object (“Russia”) disappears, and its place is taken not by a modified version, but by a fundamentally different object (“russia”).This paper examines the contemporary phenomenon of Ukrainians writing the word “Russia” with a lowercase letter in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. This practice has attracted the attention of Ukrainian researchers, who interpret it as a way of expressing emotions such as neglect. However, scholars tend to describe this phenomenon as self-evident without explaining how a change in letter case can convey emotions. A retrospective analysis reveals the evolving function of capital letters in Latin and Cyrillic scripts – from a utilitarian role in text division to the acquisition of their own semantic significance, particularly in the case of proper names. The paper also proposes an interpretation of the lowercase spelling of “russia” using the myth theory developed by Juri Lotman and Boris Uspensky, founders of the Tartu-Moscow Semiotic School. The study argues that altering a proper name is not simply a manipulation of ordinary language but an appeal to a special layer of mythological language. What appears from a descriptive perspective to be a mere renaming is, from the perspective of myth, a redefinition of the object itself. One object (“Russia”) disappears, and its place is taken not by a modified version, but by a fundamentally different object (“russia”)
Визуальное vs. вербальное художественное пространство в семиотике Юрия Михайловича Лотмана. Исследование натюрморта
No full textThe article examines the ideas of Juri Mikhailovich Lotman about the triple opposition: a thing, its image and its designation by word, and develops Lotman’s ideas on the semiotics of still life. The parallels between a pictorial still life and a verbal utterance are shown in the article using several examples (still lives of different time periods – from the Hermitage painting by Jan Davidsz de Heem to the lithographs of Elena Galerkina; poems by Alexander Pushkin, Sasha Chorny, Joseph Brodsky). The objects depicted in the still life seem to imply constancy, reflecting a frozen, unchanging life. This corresponds to beingness, which is conveyed at the verbal level by nominative syntactic constructions. However, the static nature of the image, as well as the elements of the text, does not exclude the emergence of a hidden narrative, inherent in both pictorial and verbal utterance. The time axis and the “implicit verbality” associated with it are especially important here. The emergence of a plot in a still life can be obvious or “optional”, based only on the imagination and associations of the viewer. Discovering the “coherence of the text” and the emergence of a narrative, we come across one interesting feature. The “story” takes place where people, not depicted but assumed, seem latently to appear in the still life. The relationship between the depicted objects is considered against the background of the linguistic category of text coherence, which is reflected in semantic and grammatical agreement.The article examines the ideas of Juri Mikhailovich Lotman about the triple opposition: a thing, its image and its designation by word, and develops Lotman’s ideas on the semiotics of still life. The parallels between a pictorial still life and a verbal utterance are shown in the article using several examples (still lives of different time periods – from the Hermitage painting by Jan Davidsz de Heem to the lithographs of Elena Galerkina; poems by Alexander Pushkin, Sasha Chorny, Joseph Brodsky). The objects depicted in the still life seem to imply constancy, reflecting a frozen, unchanging life. This corresponds to beingness, which is conveyed at the verbal level by nominative syntactic constructions. However, the static nature of the image, as well as the elements of the text, does not exclude the emergence of a hidden narrative, inherent in both pictorial and verbal utterance. The time axis and the “implicit verbality” associated with it are especially important here. The emergence of a plot in a still life can be obvious or “optional”, based only on the imagination and associations of the viewer. Discovering the “coherence of the text” and the emergence of a narrative, we come across one interesting feature. The “story” takes place where people, not depicted but assumed, seem latently to appear in the still life. The relationship between the depicted objects is considered against the background of the linguistic category of text coherence, which is reflected in semantic and grammatical agreement.The article examines the ideas of Juri Mikhailovich Lotman about the triple opposition: a thing, its image and its designation by word, and develops Lotman’s ideas on the semiotics of still life. The parallels between a pictorial still life and a verbal utterance are shown in the article using several examples (still lives of different time periods – from the Hermitage painting by Jan Davidsz de Heem to the lithographs of Elena Galerkina; poems by Alexander Pushkin, Sasha Chorny, Joseph Brodsky). The objects depicted in the still life seem to imply constancy, reflecting a frozen, unchanging life. This corresponds to beingness, which is conveyed at the verbal level by nominative syntactic constructions. However, the static nature of the image, as well as the elements of the text, does not exclude the emergence of a hidden narrative, inherent in both pictorial and verbal utterance. The time axis and the “implicit verbality” associated with it are especially important here. The emergence of a plot in a still life can be obvious or “optional”, based only on the imagination and associations of the viewer. Discovering the “coherence of the text” and the emergence of a narrative, we come across one interesting feature. The “story” takes place where people, not depicted but assumed, seem latently to appear in the still life. The relationship between the depicted objects is considered against the background of the linguistic category of text coherence, which is reflected in semantic and grammatical agreement.The article examines the ideas of Juri Mikhailovich Lotman about the triple opposition: a thing, its image and its designation by word, and develops Lotman’s ideas on the semiotics of still life. The parallels between a pictorial still life and a verbal utterance are shown in the article using several examples (still lives of different time periods – from the Hermitage painting by Jan Davidsz de Heem to the lithographs of Elena Galerkina; poems by Alexander Pushkin, Sasha Chorny, Joseph Brodsky). The objects depicted in the still life seem to imply constancy, reflecting a frozen, unchanging life. This corresponds to beingness, which is conveyed at the verbal level by nominative syntactic constructions. However, the static nature of the image, as well as the elements of the text, does not exclude the emergence of a hidden narrative, inherent in both pictorial and verbal utterance. The time axis and the “implicit verbality” associated with it are especially important here. The emergence of a plot in a still life can be obvious or “optional”, based only on the imagination and associations of the viewer. Discovering the “coherence of the text” and the emergence of a narrative, we come across one interesting feature. The “story” takes place where people, not depicted but assumed, seem latently to appear in the still life. The relationship between the depicted objects is considered against the background of the linguistic category of text coherence, which is reflected in semantic and grammatical agreement
Mechanizmy i strategie konstruowania języka w dystopii Władimira Sorokina Dzień oprycznika
No full textThe novel Day of the oprichnik (День опричника), written in 2006, perfectly fits into the contemporary concept of dystopia as a literary genre - it reflects the fears of the modern world and responds instantly to all its social and political problems. Initially, the work was rather cautiously received by critics, but today it is considered a classically prophetic text. It turns out that Sorokin had predicted the direction of today\u27s Russia already 15 years earlier. The action takes place in 2027 in Moscow, the plot is straightforward, and the structure clearly refers to One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich (Один день Ивана Денисовича, 1962) by Alexander Solzhenitsyn. The study of dystopia is carried out through the language of the created reality. Sorokin uses (not for the first time) the strategy of modelling the language of the future through layering - here it is a hybrid of modern Russian language, archaic from the era of Ivan the Terrible, and among others, Chinese. As a result, the text, according to the author\u27s intention, transforms into a parodic-schizophrenic-satirical metaphor of contemporary Russia - a state perpetually "frozen" in the past, without any prospects for "healing".The novel Day of the oprichnik (День опричника), written in 2006, perfectly fits into the contemporary concept of dystopia as a literary genre - it reflects the fears of the modern world and responds instantly to all its social and political problems. Initially, the work was rather cautiously received by critics, but today it is considered a classically prophetic text. It turns out that Sorokin had predicted the direction of today\u27s Russia already 15 years earlier. The action takes place in 2027 in Moscow, the plot is straightforward, and the structure clearly refers to One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich (Один день Ивана Денисовича, 1962) by Alexander Solzhenitsyn. The study of dystopia is carried out through the language of the created reality. Sorokin uses (not for the first time) the strategy of modelling the language of the future through layering - here it is a hybrid of modern Russian language, archaic from the era of Ivan the Terrible, and among others, Chinese. As a result, the text, according to the author\u27s intention, transforms into a parodic-schizophrenic-satirical metaphor of contemporary Russia - a state perpetually "frozen" in the past, without any prospects for "healing".The novel Day of the oprichnik (День опричника), written in 2006, perfectly fits into the contemporary concept of dystopia as a literary genre - it reflects the fears of the modern world and responds instantly to all its social and political problems. Initially, the work was rather cautiously received by critics, but today it is considered a classically prophetic text. It turns out that Sorokin had predicted the direction of today\u27s Russia already 15 years earlier. The action takes place in 2027 in Moscow, the plot is straightforward, and the structure clearly refers to One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich (Один день Ивана Денисовича, 1962) by Alexander Solzhenitsyn. The study of dystopia is carried out through the language of the created reality. Sorokin uses (not for the first time) the strategy of modelling the language of the future through layering - here it is a hybrid of modern Russian language, archaic from the era of Ivan the Terrible, and among others, Chinese. As a result, the text, according to the author\u27s intention, transforms into a parodic-schizophrenic-satirical metaphor of contemporary Russia - a state perpetually "frozen" in the past, without any prospects for "healing".The novel Day of the oprichnik (День опричника), written in 2006, perfectly fits into the contemporary concept of dystopia as a literary genre - it reflects the fears of the modern world and responds instantly to all its social and political problems. Initially, the work was rather cautiously received by critics, but today it is considered a classically prophetic text. It turns out that Sorokin had predicted the direction of today\u27s Russia already 15 years earlier. The action takes place in 2027 in Moscow, the plot is straightforward, and the structure clearly refers to One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich (Один день Ивана Денисовича, 1962) by Alexander Solzhenitsyn. The study of dystopia is carried out through the language of the created reality. Sorokin uses (not for the first time) the strategy of modelling the language of the future through layering - here it is a hybrid of modern Russian language, archaic from the era of Ivan the Terrible, and among others, Chinese. As a result, the text, according to the author\u27s intention, transforms into a parodic-schizophrenic-satirical metaphor of contemporary Russia - a state perpetually "frozen" in the past, without any prospects for "healing"
Свобода и идеологизация. Русская публицистика 2022 года после вторжения России в Украину
No full textThe article aims at illustrating Russian authors’ main ideological perspectives expressed in 2022 concerning the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Growing waves of patriotism and imperialism in the Russian Federation are at the basis of the aggression. Under the influence of restorative nostalgia, the government perceives itself as the heir of the bygone greatness of the Soviet Union, that must then be re-established. Because of closer and closer political relations between Ukraine and Europe from 2010s on, the Russian government perceives the former as the traitor of the commonly shared Soviet past. Hence, the Soviet dichotomy between us and them is reintroduced to define Russia and Ukraine respectively. This opposition can be used to classify Russian authors on the basis of their opinions regarding the aggression expressed in the journalistic field; those who publicly side with power in Russia are us, while them labels authors who choose either migration or underground culture to oppose the Russian government.The article aims at illustrating Russian authors’ main ideological perspectives expressed in 2022 concerning the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Growing waves of patriotism and imperialism in the Russian Federation are at the basis of the aggression. Under the influence of restorative nostalgia, the government perceives itself as the heir of the bygone greatness of the Soviet Union, that must then be re-established. Because of closer and closer political relations between Ukraine and Europe from 2010s on, the Russian government perceives the former as the traitor of the commonly shared Soviet past. Hence, the Soviet dichotomy between us and them is reintroduced to define Russia and Ukraine respectively. This opposition can be used to classify Russian authors on the basis of their opinions regarding the aggression expressed in the journalistic field; those who publicly side with power in Russia are us, while them labels authors who choose either migration or underground culture to oppose the Russian government.The article aims at illustrating Russian authors’ main ideological perspectives expressed in 2022 concerning the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Growing waves of patriotism and imperialism in the Russian Federation are at the basis of the aggression. Under the influence of restorative nostalgia, the government perceives itself as the heir of the bygone greatness of the Soviet Union, that must then be re-established. Because of closer and closer political relations between Ukraine and Europe from 2010s on, the Russian government perceives the former as the traitor of the commonly shared Soviet past. Hence, the Soviet dichotomy between us and them is reintroduced to define Russia and Ukraine respectively. This opposition can be used to classify Russian authors on the basis of their opinions regarding the aggression expressed in the journalistic field; those who publicly side with power in Russia are us, while them labels authors who choose either migration or underground culture to oppose the Russian government.The article aims at illustrating Russian authors’ main ideological perspectives expressed in 2022 concerning the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Growing waves of patriotism and imperialism in the Russian Federation are at the basis of the aggression. Under the influence of restorative nostalgia, the government perceives itself as the heir of the bygone greatness of the Soviet Union, that must then be re-established. Because of closer and closer political relations between Ukraine and Europe from 2010s on, the Russian government perceives the former as the traitor of the commonly shared Soviet past. Hence, the Soviet dichotomy between us and them is reintroduced to define Russia and Ukraine respectively. This opposition can be used to classify Russian authors on the basis of their opinions regarding the aggression expressed in the journalistic field; those who publicly side with power in Russia are us, while them labels authors who choose either migration or underground culture to oppose the Russian government
Wojna i pokój? Publicystyka rosyjskojęzyczna w przekładzie na język polski po lutym 2022 roku
No full textReferring to the main theme of the conference, the author addresses the problem of translating Russian-language journalism amid the ongoing war in Ukraine. These events prompt us to perceive media messages not only within the framework of a culture entangled in politics, evoking (neo)imperial and (neo)colonial issues, but also matters of value systems and Russophobia. This situation influences the choice of topics and sources of media texts offered to Polish recipients through translation. As a foundation for a confrontational reading, the author chose Russian journalism translated into Polish, using the example of the “Forum” magazine, which features reprints from the world press and has included a Russian section since the beginning of the magazine’s existence. The analysis of the content of reprints from Russian-language media, alongside the assessment of translation solutions, attempts to answer the question about war and peace, both from the perspective of translation and the condition and prospects of Russian studies in Poland. The translation itself, often framed in terms of war, poses not only traditional translation problems related to equivalence, adequacy, and the function of translated texts but also introduces new challenges of a moral and ethical nature associated with experiencing and depicting human suffering. From the perspective of interlingual and intercultural media discourse, important research issues also emerge, such as persuasion, manipulation, and propaganda.Referring to the main theme of the conference, the author addresses the problem of translating Russian-language journalism amid the ongoing war in Ukraine. These events prompt us to perceive media messages not only within the framework of a culture entangled in politics, evoking (neo)imperial and (neo)colonial issues, but also matters of value systems and Russophobia. This situation influences the choice of topics and sources of media texts offered to Polish recipients through translation. As a foundation for a confrontational reading, the author chose Russian journalism translated into Polish, using the example of the “Forum” magazine, which features reprints from the world press and has included a Russian section since the beginning of the magazine’s existence. The analysis of the content of reprints from Russian-language media, alongside the assessment of translation solutions, attempts to answer the question about war and peace, both from the perspective of translation and the condition and prospects of Russian studies in Poland. The translation itself, often framed in terms of war, poses not only traditional translation problems related to equivalence, adequacy, and the function of translated texts but also introduces new challenges of a moral and ethical nature associated with experiencing and depicting human suffering. From the perspective of interlingual and intercultural media discourse, important research issues also emerge, such as persuasion, manipulation, and propaganda.Referring to the main theme of the conference, the author addresses the problem of translating Russian-language journalism amid the ongoing war in Ukraine. These events prompt us to perceive media messages not only within the framework of a culture entangled in politics, evoking (neo)imperial and (neo)colonial issues, but also matters of value systems and Russophobia. This situation influences the choice of topics and sources of media texts offered to Polish recipients through translation. As a foundation for a confrontational reading, the author chose Russian journalism translated into Polish, using the example of the “Forum” magazine, which features reprints from the world press and has included a Russian section since the beginning of the magazine’s existence. The analysis of the content of reprints from Russian-language media, alongside the assessment of translation solutions, attempts to answer the question about war and peace, both from the perspective of translation and the condition and prospects of Russian studies in Poland. The translation itself, often framed in terms of war, poses not only traditional translation problems related to equivalence, adequacy, and the function of translated texts but also introduces new challenges of a moral and ethical nature associated with experiencing and depicting human suffering. From the perspective of interlingual and intercultural media discourse, important research issues also emerge, such as persuasion, manipulation, and propaganda.Referring to the main theme of the conference, the author addresses the problem of translating Russian-language journalism amid the ongoing war in Ukraine. These events prompt us to perceive media messages not only within the framework of a culture entangled in politics, evoking (neo)imperial and (neo)colonial issues, but also matters of value systems and Russophobia. This situation influences the choice of topics and sources of media texts offered to Polish recipients through translation. As a foundation for a confrontational reading, the author chose Russian journalism translated into Polish, using the example of the “Forum” magazine, which features reprints from the world press and has included a Russian section since the beginning of the magazine’s existence. The analysis of the content of reprints from Russian-language media, alongside the assessment of translation solutions, attempts to answer the question about war and peace, both from the perspective of translation and the condition and prospects of Russian studies in Poland. The translation itself, often framed in terms of war, poses not only traditional translation problems related to equivalence, adequacy, and the function of translated texts but also introduces new challenges of a moral and ethical nature associated with experiencing and depicting human suffering. From the perspective of interlingual and intercultural media discourse, important research issues also emerge, such as persuasion, manipulation, and propaganda
Twórczość Fiodora Dostojewskiego i Lwa Tołstoja w czasie wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej. Pro et contra we francuskim dyskursie medialnym
No full textThe article is devoted to the analysis of French media discourse. Its aim is to reconstruct the image of Russian classical literature in the face of the war in Ukraine. Using the examples of opinion-forming dailies such as “Le Figaro” and “Le Monde”, the contemporary perception of the works of Russian classics Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Leo Tolstoy is analyzed. The following analysis indicates the need for a revision of the achievements of Russian culture and a critical approach to Russian literature. The media content analysis conducted as part of this study includes two basic types of data: text and visual, published between February 24, 2022 and October 31, 2024. The first type consists of all genre forms: articles, reports, press releases, etc., while the second type consists of visual content, i.e. photographic documentation. For the purposes of the study, the content of articles downloaded from Internet archives was mined. The articles were selected using the keywords: war in Ukraine (Guerre en Ukraine), Russian-Ukrainian war (Guerre russo-ukrainienne), Russian literature (Littérature russe), Fyodor Dostoevsky (Fyodor Dostoïevski), Leo Tolstoy (Lev Tolstoï). In turn, the content analysis allowed us to illustrate the functioning of specific issues. The following elements of media coverage were considered: number of publications, their positioning and surface area, type of publication divided into informational and journalistic genres, type of illustration. Qualitative analysis of the content of the collected material was conducted taking into account the linguistic, cultural and media perspectives.The article is devoted to the analysis of French media discourse. Its aim is to reconstruct the image of Russian classical literature in the face of the war in Ukraine. Using the examples of opinion-forming dailies such as “Le Figaro” and “Le Monde”, the contemporary perception of the works of Russian classics Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Leo Tolstoy is analyzed. The following analysis indicates the need for a revision of the achievements of Russian culture and a critical approach to Russian literature. The media content analysis conducted as part of this study includes two basic types of data: text and visual, published between February 24, 2022 and October 31, 2024. The first type consists of all genre forms: articles, reports, press releases, etc., while the second type consists of visual content, i.e. photographic documentation. For the purposes of the study, the content of articles downloaded from Internet archives was mined. The articles were selected using the keywords: war in Ukraine (Guerre en Ukraine), Russian-Ukrainian war (Guerre russo-ukrainienne), Russian literature (Littérature russe), Fyodor Dostoevsky (Fyodor Dostoïevski), Leo Tolstoy (Lev Tolstoï). In turn, the content analysis allowed us to illustrate the functioning of specific issues. The following elements of media coverage were considered: number of publications, their positioning and surface area, type of publication divided into informational and journalistic genres, type of illustration. Qualitative analysis of the content of the collected material was conducted taking into account the linguistic, cultural and media perspectives.The article is devoted to the analysis of French media discourse. Its aim is to reconstruct the image of Russian classical literature in the face of the war in Ukraine. Using the examples of opinion-forming dailies such as “Le Figaro” and “Le Monde”, the contemporary perception of the works of Russian classics Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Leo Tolstoy is analyzed. The following analysis indicates the need for a revision of the achievements of Russian culture and a critical approach to Russian literature. The media content analysis conducted as part of this study includes two basic types of data: text and visual, published between February 24, 2022 and October 31, 2024. The first type consists of all genre forms: articles, reports, press releases, etc., while the second type consists of visual content, i.e. photographic documentation. For the purposes of the study, the content of articles downloaded from Internet archives was mined. The articles were selected using the keywords: war in Ukraine (Guerre en Ukraine), Russian-Ukrainian war (Guerre russo-ukrainienne), Russian literature (Littérature russe), Fyodor Dostoevsky (Fyodor Dostoïevski), Leo Tolstoy (Lev Tolstoï). In turn, the content analysis allowed us to illustrate the functioning of specific issues. The following elements of media coverage were considered: number of publications, their positioning and surface area, type of publication divided into informational and journalistic genres, type of illustration. Qualitative analysis of the content of the collected material was conducted taking into account the linguistic, cultural and media perspectives.The article is devoted to the analysis of French media discourse. Its aim is to reconstruct the image of Russian classical literature in the face of the war in Ukraine. Using the examples of opinion-forming dailies such as “Le Figaro” and “Le Monde”, the contemporary perception of the works of Russian classics Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Leo Tolstoy is analyzed. The following analysis indicates the need for a revision of the achievements of Russian culture and a critical approach to Russian literature. The media content analysis conducted as part of this study includes two basic types of data: text and visual, published between February 24, 2022 and October 31, 2024. The first type consists of all genre forms: articles, reports, press releases, etc., while the second type consists of visual content, i.e. photographic documentation. For the purposes of the study, the content of articles downloaded from Internet archives was mined. The articles were selected using the keywords: war in Ukraine (Guerre en Ukraine), Russian-Ukrainian war (Guerre russo-ukrainienne), Russian literature (Littérature russe), Fyodor Dostoevsky (Fyodor Dostoïevski), Leo Tolstoy (Lev Tolstoï). In turn, the content analysis allowed us to illustrate the functioning of specific issues. The following elements of media coverage were considered: number of publications, their positioning and surface area, type of publication divided into informational and journalistic genres, type of illustration. Qualitative analysis of the content of the collected material was conducted taking into account the linguistic, cultural and media perspectives
Problem językowy w Ukrainie na tle wojny: stosunek do języka rosyjskiego
No full textAs a result of the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the language issue once again became topical. A significant part of Ukrainian society began to perceive Russian language as the language of the enemy. A tendency to switch to the Ukrainian language, which is now a factor unifying the nation, became apparent and now its use remains a manifestation of a sense of national identity. Against this background, the question of attitudes towards the Russian language, which is gradually losing its importance, seemed worth analysing. Therefore, the aim of this article was to examine Ukrainian public discourse in terms of statements concerning the language issue, with a particular focus on those relating to the Russian language (Liliya Yaremko and Pavlo Levchuk carried out a similar study but using the survey method). Such a sociolinguistic analysis allowed to present the current situation of this language in Ukraine, thus to indicate how the armed conflict has affected its status in Ukrainian society in terms of everyday communication and school teaching, among others. The research has shown that currently the Russian language is being largely eradicated from the Ukrainian public space, it is being removed from schools, universities. Furthermore, in connection with the growing Ukrainians’ national consciousness, it is being gradually abandoned in everyday life, in the private sphere. Besides, an analogous process is also being observed with regard to Russian culture.As a result of the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the language issue once again became topical. A significant part of Ukrainian society began to perceive Russian language as the language of the enemy. A tendency to switch to the Ukrainian language, which is now a factor unifying the nation, became apparent and now its use remains a manifestation of a sense of national identity. Against this background, the question of attitudes towards the Russian language, which is gradually losing its importance, seemed worth analysing. Therefore, the aim of this article was to examine Ukrainian public discourse in terms of statements concerning the language issue, with a particular focus on those relating to the Russian language (Liliya Yaremko and Pavlo Levchuk carried out a similar study but using the survey method). Such a sociolinguistic analysis allowed to present the current situation of this language in Ukraine, thus to indicate how the armed conflict has affected its status in Ukrainian society in terms of everyday communication and school teaching, among others. The research has shown that currently the Russian language is being largely eradicated from the Ukrainian public space, it is being removed from schools, universities. Furthermore, in connection with the growing Ukrainians’ national consciousness, it is being gradually abandoned in everyday life, in the private sphere. Besides, an analogous process is also being observed with regard to Russian culture.As a result of the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the language issue once again became topical. A significant part of Ukrainian society began to perceive Russian language as the language of the enemy. A tendency to switch to the Ukrainian language, which is now a factor unifying the nation, became apparent and now its use remains a manifestation of a sense of national identity. Against this background, the question of attitudes towards the Russian language, which is gradually losing its importance, seemed worth analysing. Therefore, the aim of this article was to examine Ukrainian public discourse in terms of statements concerning the language issue, with a particular focus on those relating to the Russian language (Liliya Yaremko and Pavlo Levchuk carried out a similar study but using the survey method). Such a sociolinguistic analysis allowed to present the current situation of this language in Ukraine, thus to indicate how the armed conflict has affected its status in Ukrainian society in terms of everyday communication and school teaching, among others. The research has shown that currently the Russian language is being largely eradicated from the Ukrainian public space, it is being removed from schools, universities. Furthermore, in connection with the growing Ukrainians’ national consciousness, it is being gradually abandoned in everyday life, in the private sphere. Besides, an analogous process is also being observed with regard to Russian culture.As a result of the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the language issue once again became topical. A significant part of Ukrainian society began to perceive Russian language as the language of the enemy. A tendency to switch to the Ukrainian language, which is now a factor unifying the nation, became apparent and now its use remains a manifestation of a sense of national identity. Against this background, the question of attitudes towards the Russian language, which is gradually losing its importance, seemed worth analysing. Therefore, the aim of this article was to examine Ukrainian public discourse in terms of statements concerning the language issue, with a particular focus on those relating to the Russian language (Liliya Yaremko and Pavlo Levchuk carried out a similar study but using the survey method). Such a sociolinguistic analysis allowed to present the current situation of this language in Ukraine, thus to indicate how the armed conflict has affected its status in Ukrainian society in terms of everyday communication and school teaching, among others. The research has shown that currently the Russian language is being largely eradicated from the Ukrainian public space, it is being removed from schools, universities. Furthermore, in connection with the growing Ukrainians’ national consciousness, it is being gradually abandoned in everyday life, in the private sphere. Besides, an analogous process is also being observed with regard to Russian culture