Studia Germanica Posnaniensia
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Polen und das deutsche Sachbuch der Zwischenkriegszeit. Zu einigen Aspekten der Polenbücher von Friedrich Sieburg, Elga Kern und Heinrich Koitz
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Instrument und Immanenz. Zur Sprachphilosophie der deutschen Frühromantik
No full textIn his article the author discusses the philosophy of the early romanticism in Germany, conncentrating on the romantic conception of language and its reference to the universe. Two tendencies in the philosophy of that period can be distinguished: 1st Schelling\u27s "philosophy of nature" and so called "philosophical natural science", 2nd so called "true romanticism" (Novalis, F. Schlegel and others). By the former language was considered an instrument for establishing the unity of the universe, e.g. by tracing common sources of words. The "true" romanticists disregarded the existing spoken language of men and concentrated on the language of nature. The human language was interpreted as a late stage in the evolution of the language of the universe, disadvantageous to nature itself
Bernhard Bolzano und die Zensur
No full textAustria between 1815-1848, i.e. before it became a great power, remained under the overwhelming influence of Chancellor K. Metternich and his policy towards various liberal and national movements. This was to be reflected in the so called Karlsbad Settlments of 1820 (Karlsbader Beschlüsse), the consequence of wich was the establishment of a police state and severe censorship that would resort even to the confiscation of manuscripts. Bernard Balzano\u27s views concerning the state, the nation and religion challenged Metternich\u27s regime. He was professor of philosophy an an academic priest in Prague and a civil servant at the same time. He popularized his liberal views in church. His sermons against totalitarianism demanded a constitution and equality of rights for different nations within the monarchy. Such views were rather inconvenient for the establishment since they might constitute a hotbed of rebellion. Therefore, in 1819 Bolzano was dismissed as a professor. Church community, who also found his opinions inconvenient, put him a his first serious trial, which however, was not able to make Bolzano recant his beliefs. From 1820 onwards Bolzano was subjekt to double censorship, namely censorship performed both by the state and the church. This censorship continued till the philosopher\u27s death in 1848. All texts that Bolzano had published in the course of his life, came out in neighbouring Bavaria, governed in more liberal way. Being doomed by the double censorship to scholary non-existence, Balzano\u27s ideals and views did not stand the chance to be easily reached by the posterity and this, in turn, impeded the reception of his thought, even in the German speaking countries