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ON THE RELIGIOUS BEHAVIOR OF THE MUNICIPAL ARISTOCRACY FROM SARMIZEGETUSA
No full textOne can research the religious life and choices of the local aristocrats through the analysis of their private dedications only. The results prove that these people were personally less involved in the imperial cult or in the trendy exotic religions, preferring the Roman deities, mainly Jupiter and the ones defending the home, the welfare and the health.One can research the religious life and choices of the local aristocrats through the analysis of their private dedications only. The results prove that these people were personally less involved in the imperial cult or in the trendy exotic religions, preferring the Roman deities, mainly Jupiter and the ones defending the home, the welfare and the health
Textile production and consumption in Roman provinces and in free Germania – a 21st century perspective
Get PDFThe paper aims to present the state of research on Roman Period archaeological textiles and new, 21st century perspectives for further analyses. The textiles proves to be important from the viewpoint of provincial economy, trade and cultural exchange. That is why, a special emphasis is put on the textile types, which are called Roman imports.The paper aims to present the state of research on Roman Period archaeological textiles and new, 21st century perspectives for further analyses. The textiles proves to be important from the viewpoint of provincial economy, trade and cultural exchange. That is why, a special emphasis is put on the textile types, which are called Roman imports
FERDYNAND KATOLICKI ZNÓW NIEDOCENIONY!
Get PDFFERDYNAND KATOLICKI ZNÓW NIEDOCENIONY! Henry Kamen, Fernando el Católico (1451-1516). Vida y mitos de uno de los fundadores de la España Moderna, z ang. tłum. José C. Vales, Esfera de los Libros, Madrid 2015, ss. 381 + kolorowe ilustracj
Terra Incognita: Results of Polish excavations in Albania and Montenegro
Get PDFOne of the most important issues in Illyrian archeology today concerns the origins of Illyrian cities. The excavations at Rhizon have provided new data on the subject where many elements of the ancient urban architecture have been recorded. First, the monumental defense walls so called – Cyclopean wall. The lower town was divided into districts, but it was not an orthogonal plan. The architecture of the houses in generally Hellenistic in nature, but always a variation on the standard model in use each of the six insulae. Despite the limited size of the excavation compared to the overall size of the town, three separate bathrooms with terracotta baths have been unearthed, including a bathtub for children. In considering the urban structure of Rhizon the archaeologists had to come to grips with the question of the ruling authority and its architectural emanation. In terms of the functioning of royal authority in Illyria, the discovery of a palatial complex in Rhizon has added immensely to our knowledge. The older complex, included a megaron-type hall with a central hearth, storerooms and large courtyard The area was rebuilt after the event. The rubble was leveled, the storerooms reconstructed. The old megaron was turned into a kitchen and/or banquet hall attached to the new palace, which was built in part in the old courtyard. Part of the courtyard now served as a roadleading along the new palace facade. The younger palace was raised of neatly dressed ashlar blocks of limestone joined by the Greek technique of anathyrosis.
Excavation in the other capital of Illyria, Scoder, open the way to interesting considerations in reference to the above. One of the most interesting discoveries was made during an investigation of a cistern constructed in Venetian times and rebuilt by the Turks. Two inscriptions, one whole and the other fragmentary, were immured into the central pillar supporting the roof of the cistern. Three inscriptions were preserved on one of these two blocks. On the one ofthe Latin text, Scoder is mentioned as a Roman colony. In late Roman times Scoder was the capital of the Praevalis province. The wall, excavated by us, surrounding the lower town dates to this period. One of the mysteries of Scoder was a bulwark below the north wall of the fortifications The present investigations have identified the wall as a defensive structure raised by the Venetians during the Turkish siege of 1478/1479. Three other interesting discoveries concern the 17th and 18th centuries. A set of almost 30 glass aryballoi were found in the ruins of one of the Turkish houses. Another hoard, found this time in a water sewer which is always interesting to the archaeologist, contained a small bag of silver coins struck in Dubrovnik in the early 17th century as well as a series of majolica vessels covered with a colored glaze and even some imported Chinese porcelain. An apothecary\u27s shop in the lower town yielded the remains of scales, vessels and a well preserved small tin pyxis The inscription on its cover identifies its content as „thyriaca”, an antidote known to English apothecaries as Venice treacle.One of the most important issues in Illyrian archeology today concerns the origins of Illyrian cities. The excavations at Rhizon have provided new data on the subject where many elements of the ancient urban architecture have been recorded. First, the monumental defense walls so called – Cyclopean wall. The lower town was divided into districts, but it was not an orthogonal plan. The architecture of the houses in generally Hellenistic in nature, but always a variation on the standard model in use each of the six insulae. Despite the limited size of the excavation compared to the overall size of the town, three separate bathrooms with terracotta baths have been unearthed, including a bathtub for children. In considering the urban structure of Rhizon the archaeologists had to come to grips with the question of the ruling authority and its architectural emanation. In terms of the functioning of royal authority in Illyria, the discovery of a palatial complex in Rhizon has added immensely to our knowledge. The older complex, included a megaron-type hall with a central hearth, storerooms and large courtyard The area was rebuilt after the event. The rubble was leveled, the storerooms reconstructed. The old megaron was turned into a kitchen and/or banquet hall attached to the new palace, which was built in part in the old courtyard. Part of the courtyard now served as a roadleading along the new palace facade. The younger palace was raised of neatly dressed ashlar blocks of limestone joined by the Greek technique of anathyrosis.
Excavation in the other capital of Illyria, Scoder, open the way to interesting considerations in reference to the above. One of the most interesting discoveries was made during an investigation of a cistern constructed in Venetian times and rebuilt by the Turks. Two inscriptions, one whole and the other fragmentary, were immured into the central pillar supporting the roof of the cistern. Three inscriptions were preserved on one of these two blocks. On the one ofthe Latin text, Scoder is mentioned as a Roman colony. In late Roman times Scoder was the capital of the Praevalis province. The wall, excavated by us, surrounding the lower town dates to this period. One of the mysteries of Scoder was a bulwark below the north wall of the fortifications The present investigations have identified the wall as a defensive structure raised by the Venetians during the Turkish siege of 1478/1479. Three other interesting discoveries concern the 17th and 18th centuries. A set of almost 30 glass aryballoi were found in the ruins of one of the Turkish houses. Another hoard, found this time in a water sewer which is always interesting to the archaeologist, contained a small bag of silver coins struck in Dubrovnik in the early 17th century as well as a series of majolica vessels covered with a colored glaze and even some imported Chinese porcelain. An apothecary\u27s shop in the lower town yielded the remains of scales, vessels and a well preserved small tin pyxis The inscription on its cover identifies its content as „thyriaca”, an antidote known to English apothecaries as Venice treacle
Das Römische Heerwesen: auch im 21. Jahrhundert Gegenstand intensiver Forschung
Get PDFHistory of the Roman army – in a broad sense – was one of the pillars of Géza Alföldy’s scholarly studies and investigations. His inspiring interpretations of various inscriptions had a fundamental impact on the shape of contemporary science. He was particularly interested in such issues as religion of the Roman military, the origins of soldiers, the rules of promotion and the careers of officers with senatorial and equestrian lineage.
The article offers an overview of major studies in history of the Roman army published in the recent years. There is no doubt that many had been inspired by the work and writings of Géza Alföldy. Although it is merely a subjective selection, the list of publications appended to the article attests to the intensity of such research, showing that it truly flourishes.
Strictly speaking, Géza Alföldy did not come up with any novel research problems as far as the Roman military was concerned. He would address those which had been present in science, as it is documented by works of such scholars as Alfred von Domaszewski, Konrad Kraft, Emil Ritterling, Eric Birley or Arthur and Ernst Stein. Nonetheless, Géza Alföldy understood the essence and appreciated the need to pursue those studies in greater depth while utilizing epigraphy to the broadest possible extent. Quite rightly, he considered inscriptions to be the foremost sources in that respect. Guided by hic saxa loquntur as his motto, Alföldy determined the shape of methodology employed in studies of the Roman army through his work. The ordinary soldiers and officers became genuine individuals, which in a sense enabled one to gain insight into their personal lives, professional careers, family ties, and religious beliefs. Thus far, research in the two first decades of the 21st century follows the same path. It may only be desired that, as a result, the current state of our knowledge will be substantially enriched.
History of the Roman army – in a broad sense – was one of the pillars of Géza Alföldy’s scholarly studies and investigations. His inspiring interpretations of various inscriptions had a fundamental impact on the shape of contemporary science. He was particularly interested in such issues as religion of the Roman military, the origins of soldiers, the rules of promotion and the careers of officers with senatorial and equestrian lineage.
The article offers an overview of major studies in history of the Roman army published in the recent years. There is no doubt that many had been inspired by the work and writings of Géza Alföldy. Although it is merely a subjective selection, the list of publications appended to the article attests to the intensity of such research, showing that it truly flourishes.
Strictly speaking, Géza Alföldy did not come up with any novel research problems as far as the Roman military was concerned. He would address those which had been present in science, as it is documented by works of such scholars as Alfred von Domaszewski, Konrad Kraft, Emil Ritterling, Eric Birley or Arthur and Ernst Stein. Nonetheless, Géza Alföldy understood the essence and appreciated the need to pursue those studies in greater depth while utilizing epigraphy to the broadest possible extent. Quite rightly, he considered inscriptions to be the foremost sources in that respect. Guided by hic saxa loquntur as his motto, Alföldy determined the shape of methodology employed in studies of the Roman army through his work. The ordinary soldiers and officers became genuine individuals, which in a sense enabled one to gain insight into their personal lives, professional careers, family ties, and religious beliefs. Thus far, research in the two first decades of the 21st century follows the same path. It may only be desired that, as a result, the current state of our knowledge will be substantially enriched.History of the Roman army – in a broad sense – was one of the pillars of Géza Alföldy’s scholarly studies and investigations. His inspiring interpretations of various inscriptions had a fundamental impact on the shape of contemporary science. He was particularly interested in such issues as religion of the Roman military, the origins of soldiers, the rules of promotion and the careers of officers with senatorial and equestrian lineage.
The article offers an overview of major studies in history of the Roman army published in the recent years. There is no doubt that many had been inspired by the work and writings of Géza Alföldy. Although it is merely a subjective selection, the list of publications appended to the article attests to the intensity of such research, showing that it truly flourishes.
Strictly speaking, Géza Alföldy did not come up with any novel research problems as far as the Roman military was concerned. He would address those which had been present in science, as it is documented by works of such scholars as Alfred von Domaszewski, Konrad Kraft, Emil Ritterling, Eric Birley or Arthur and Ernst Stein. Nonetheless, Géza Alföldy understood the essence and appreciated the need to pursue those studies in greater depth while utilizing epigraphy to the broadest possible extent. Quite rightly, he considered inscriptions to be the foremost sources in that respect. Guided by hic saxa loquntur as his motto, Alföldy determined the shape of methodology employed in studies of the Roman army through his work. The ordinary soldiers and officers became genuine individuals, which in a sense enabled one to gain insight into their personal lives, professional careers, family ties, and religious beliefs. Thus far, research in the two first decades of the 21st century follows the same path. It may only be desired that, as a result, the current state of our knowledge will be substantially enriched.
 
PRÓBKI CERAMIKI Z WYKOPALISK W ABU ERTEILA (SUDAN) – KORELACJA MAKROSKOPOWO ZIDENTYFIKOWANYCH TWORZYW CERAMICZNYCH Z LABORATORYJNIE OKREŚLONYMI GRUPAMI SUROWCOWYMI
No full textThis article reports on the use of laboratory analysis to examine whether pottery recovered from excavations at Abu Erteila includes wares made at the same workshops as pottery found at other Meroitic sites in the region. It also examines whether wares deemed typical of the Abu Erteila ceramic assemblage were made of the same raw materials as pottery at neighbouring sites or clay used at other workshops. Particular attention was paid to assessing whether samples with fabrics which macroscopically resemble the Musawwarat fabrics were indeed made at workshops in Musawwarat or whether this macroscopic similarity is deceptive.
This article reports on the use of laboratory analysis to examine whether pottery recovered from excavations at Abu Erteila includes wares made at the same workshops as pottery found at other Meroitic sites in the region. It also examines whether wares deemed typical of the Abu Erteila ceramic assemblage were made of the same raw materials as pottery at neighbouring sites or clay used at other workshops. Particular attention was paid to assessing whether samples with fabrics which macroscopically resemble the Musawwarat fabrics were indeed made at workshops in Musawwarat or whether this macroscopic similarity is deceptive.
 
ZNACZENIE ALMANACHU 1C Z KODEKSU DREZDEŃSKIEGO DLA ROZWOJU EPIGRAFIKI MAJAŃSKIEJ
Get PDFThis papers seeks to demonstrate the tremendous importance of the usually omitted first page of the Dresden Codex for the ongoing process of deciphering Mayan script. As an example, one could quote the recently identified Mayan term denoting a loincloth (Span. braguero, taparrabo) in the almanac 1c, which may be found on the page in question. Furthermore, the author critically discusses all possible forms in which the word can have been written, as it still defies being deciphered completely.
This papers seeks to demonstrate the tremendous importance of the usually omitted first page of the Dresden Codex for the ongoing process of deciphering Mayan script. As an example, one could quote the recently identified Mayan term denoting a loincloth (Span. braguero, taparrabo) in the almanac 1c, which may be found on the page in question. Furthermore, the author critically discusses all possible forms in which the word can have been written, as it still defies being deciphered completely.
 
REMARKS ON THE LIST OF CONSULS FROM THE REIGN OF ANTONINUS PIUS. NOVEL INSIGHTS FROM A MILITARY DIPLOMA
No full textA new military diploma for the province Dalmatia mentions the pair of suffect consuls Q. Antonius I[sauricus, L. Aurelius Flaccus], known from the Fasti Feriarum Latinarum for May of an unknown year. Till now this pair was dated to the first years of Antoninus Pius, no later than 144 AD. But since in the diploma in the emperor’s title cos. IIII = 145 AD is mentioned, this is excluded. It seems that the suffect consuls can be dated only to one of the last years of Pius, either in 156 or 157, because in all the other years the consuls of the relevant months are known.A new military diploma for the province Dalmatia mentions the pair of suffect consuls Q. Antonius I[sauricus, L. Aurelius Flaccus], known from the Fasti Feriarum Latinarum for May of an unknown year. Till now this pair was dated to the first years of Antoninus Pius, no later than 144 AD. But since in the diploma in the emperor’s title cos. IIII = 145 AD is mentioned, this is excluded. It seems that the suffect consuls can be dated only to one of the last years of Pius, either in 156 or 157, because in all the other years the consuls of the relevant months are known
AESCULAPIUS ET HYGIA AS DII MAIORES?
Get PDFIn an article published 1997 Géza Alföldy explained his ideas about the generic terms of dii Maiores and dii Magni. For the former term there are still no testimonies with theonymic referents known. This is not the case for the so called „Great Gods”. Exploring all epigraphic evidence including the epithets dominus et domina and other votive formulars, we come to the following conclusions: the dii Maiores rather do not refer to the main roman gods and goddesses but to the classical healers Aesculapius et Hygia. Like other Greek and Roman divinities they were together also invoked as dii Magni. It seems very likely, that the votive incriptions from Gorsium (dii Magni), which G. Alföldy was talking about, can also be linked with this famous couple of healing gods.In an article published 1997 Géza Alföldy explained his ideas about the generic terms of dii Maiores and dii Magni. For the former term there are still no testimonies with theonymic referents known. This is not the case for the so called „Great Gods”. Exploring all epigraphic evidence including the epithets dominus et domina and other votive formulars, we come to the following conclusions: the dii Maiores rather do not refer to the main roman gods and goddesses but to the classical healers Aesculapius et Hygia. Like other Greek and Roman divinities they were together also invoked as dii Magni. It seems very likely, that the votive incriptions from Gorsium (dii Magni), which G. Alföldy was talking about, can also be linked with this famous couple of healing gods
Reading social relations from Roman African mosaics – an iconographic analyse
Get PDFThe paper presents the diversity of Roman African society and the relations between different social groups by analysing the representations on the mosaics. It also analyses the manner of self-presentation of the landowners and their wives.The paper presents the diversity of Roman African society and the relations between different social groups by analysing the representations on the mosaics. It also analyses the manner of self-presentation of the landowners and their wives