Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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Prolegomena do polskich studiów nad wegetarianizmem w Rosji na przełomie XIX I XX wieku
Full text linkThe article presents the origins and the early years of vegetarianism in Russia, as well as its turbulent development at the turn of the twentieth cen-tury, whilst taking into account the peculiarities of the Orthodox religious cul-ture and culinary customs. The author argues that strict fasting and the postu-lation of modest eating promoted the spread of the new fashion in Russian society.The article presents the origins and the early years of vegetarianism in Russia, as well as its turbulent development at the turn of the twentieth cen-tury, whilst taking into account the peculiarities of the Orthodox religious cul-ture and culinary customs. The author argues that strict fasting and the postu-lation of modest eating promoted the spread of the new fashion in Russian society
Budowanie prestiżu królewskiego rodu. Związki rodzinne Wazów z dyna- stiami europejskimi
Full text linkThe bonds of kinship became one of the most effective means of raising the prestige and standing for the Vasa dynasty, which sought to occupy an ever higher position in the hierarchy of European rulers. For Zygmunt III, taking wives from the House of Austria were a means through which the Vasa entered the European network of courts, and established channels for cultural exchange and political cooperation. Political and religious circumstances had the greatest impact on direct relations and liaisons of the House of Vasa with the relatives abroad. In the initial period of his rule in the Commonwealth, Zygmunt III maintained loose yet thoroughly appropriate contact with the Swedish branch of the family. Their Protestant denomination had no decisive influence on their mutual relationships, though it precluded certain functions of the religious nature, e.g. that of being a godfather or a godmother. Lack of cooperation of the Vasa with the relations living in the Reich – most of whom were Catholic – was due to their low standing in the hierarchy of European courts. The dethronement of the king in Sweden resulted in the severance of all personal bonds between the members of the House of Vasa reigning in Stockholm and Warsaw. The sons of Zygmunt III, with the exception of prince Władysław, never met nor maintained any contact with the Swedish relatives. The European family of the Polish Vasa are chiefly Habsburgs, their distaff relations. Those were the relations from the most prestigious courts of Europe – Vienna, Madrid, Brussels, Florence, and Paris – who were invited to be godparents of the royal children, became hosts to the young princes during their European travels, and had the money and the offices that the young Vasa sought after.Marriages enabled the House of Vasa to enter into the network of courts throughout Europe and opened a way to participate in the processes of assimilation, reception or rejection of respective cultural, religious, and political paradigms. The bonds of kinship became one of the most effective instruments to raise the prestige and the standing of dynasty, which sought to occupy an ever higher position in the hierarchy of European rulers. The aim of this paper is to show how the House of Vasa functioned within he contemporaneous dynastic networks in Europe on the examples of several selected issues of strictly familial nature: inheritance of names, christenings, family reunions and financial security
Kobieta uczoną – droga Polek do samodzielności naukowej
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to outline the arduous road Polish women had to take to gain equal rights in the domain of education, which ultimately enabled them to assume professions of their choosing, including that of a scholar. The author was interested in the stages of the struggle to access higher education, as well as the progress of academic careers of women, who played major roles in their respective disciplines. In terms of sources, the paper relies on documents from university archives (personal files, doctoral and post-doctoral records) and extensive, albeit dispersed and incomplete literature of the subject. Fragments of memoirs, correspondence and press were used as well.
Based on the above material, the author was able to collate percentage ratios of women among students, auxiliary scientific staff, associate professors and professors. The chronological perspective spans mid-19th century to the moment of regaining independence and then into the interwar years, when the first women gained veniam legendi and were entrusted university chairs. The paper does not exclusively discuss the situation in Polish science as, whenever possible, comparisons are made with the circumstances elsewhere in Europe.
The text is divided into two parts, the first of which presents the stages of the “fight” for access to higher schools, mentioning female students of international and Polish universities. The second part outlines the careers of particular scholars in the interwar years, to be followed by general conclusions. The most important of those is that in Polish and European science alike male domination, conservatism and paternalism endured for a long time. Women’s involvement in science was much belated (first fully-fledged female students appeared at the universities of Galicia only in the late 1890s). The number of studying women and then women scientists grew slowly but steadily. The stability of female scientific careers (associated with employment in research institutions) benefited from staff shortages at universities (men having been called into military service in view of the war and establishment of new universities). Women who successfully developed their careers usually had to work harder to prove their “aptitude” in scientific research and gain prestige. Many of them sacrificed their private lives for the sake of science. The scientific careers of women were considerably influenced by the support from the loved ones and the open-minded mentors who endorsed them.The text outlines the efforts of Polish women to be given access to academic education and, in consequence, scholarly career culminating in at least a post-doctoral degree. The author also presents data reflecting the number of women on the territory of Poland who obtained successive scientific degrees/titles, starting with doctorate, through a post-doctoral degree to full professors. To illustrate the data, the author cites specific examples of successful female careers in humanities and sciences. The timeframe spans the period from the turn of the 20th century to 1939
Problem tyranii w radykalnej myśli prezbiteriańskiej. Przypadek Samuela Rutherforda
Full text link The article delves into the principles of the right to resistance in radical Presbyterian thought. As an example, the author discusses Samuel Rutherford’s political theology, which represents a consummation of the earlier concepts of tyranny and right to disobey that had been formulated largely within the Calvinistic camp. The theology in question became one of the chief arguments in support of the Puritan Revolution in England.The article delves into the principles of the right to resistance in radical Presbyterian thought. As an example, the author discusses Samuel Rutherford’s political theology, which represents a consummation of the earlier concepts of tyranny and right to disobey that had been formulated largely within the Calvinistic camp. The theology in question became one of the chief arguments in support of the Puritan Revolution in England
Individuos y espacios domésticos: estrategias de transmisión de la propiedad de las mujeres viudas en la España rural (extremadura, siglo XVIII)
Full text linkThis article discusses the distribution of paternal property within rural communi-ties in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula, through an analysis of familial inher-itance of a widow from Extremadura. As a source for the study, the author draws on the Cadastre Ledger of the Marquis of Ensenada (1761), kept in the General Archive of Simancas (AGS), capturing changes in the family estate of a country widow (living in the village of Alcuéscar) in the mid-eighteenth century resulting from a transfer of property. Using the method of quantitative analysis developed by the Annales School, the author examines the issue from several standpoints; on the one hand, this enables insights into the increases and reductions in the volume of real estate (urban and rural) and the real estate assets of such women through pur-chases and sales. On the other, the author is also able to analyze and outline the distribution ofa widow’s property during her life and after her death.This article discusses the distribution of paternal property within rural communi-ties in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula, through an analysis of familial inher-itance of a widow from Extremadura. As a source for the study, the author draws on the Cadastre Ledger of the Marquis of Ensenada (1761), kept in the General Archive of Simancas (AGS), capturing changes in the family estate of a country widow (living in the village of Alcuéscar) in the mid-eighteenth century resulting from a transfer of property. Using the method of quantitative analysis developed by the Annales School, the author examines the issue from several standpoints; on the one hand, this enables insights into the increases and reductions in the volume of real estate (urban and rural) and the real estate assets of such women through pur-chases and sales. On the other, the author is also able to analyze and outline the distribution ofa widow’s property during her life and after her death
Antyk ożywiany
Full text linkAntyk ożywiany, rec. książki: Auferstehung der Antike. Archäologische Stätten Digital rekonstruier
The role of the artist in the Maya society in the late classical period based on epigraphic analysis of the signatures of scribes and sculptors
Full text linkThe role of the artist in the Maya society in the late classical period based on epigraphic analysis of the signatures of scribes and sculptors
 
Ἀργὼ πᾶσι μέλουσα, παρ᾽ Αἰήταο πλέουσα – greckie źródła literackie do poznania mitu o Medei i wyprawie Argonautów po złote runo od VIII w. p.n.e. do III w. p.n.e.
Full text linkThe myth of Medea and the Argonauts’ voyage to the faraway Colchis in search of the Golden Fleece belongs to the earliest legends of ancient Greece. The narrative elements of the tale would change over time. For almost thirteen centuries, from Homer to the late-antique poem Argonautica Orphica, which yet again retold the heroes’ expedition to Colchis, the legend of the Colchian sorceress and the fifty brave men fascinated ancient poets, historians and tragedians. Hence the paper focuses on the Greek literary sources which conveyed the tale. A detailed discussion of the works aims to highlight the diversity and multiplicity of the myth’s versions as well as outlines the evolution of the legend, whose most celebrated and recognized literary variant is found in Argonautica by Apollonius Rhodius.The myth of Medea and the Argonauts’ voyage to the faraway Colchis in search of the Golden Fleece belongs to the earliest legends of ancient Greece. The narrative elements of the tale would change over time. For almost thirteen centuries, from Homer to the late-antique poem Argonautica Orphica, which yet again retold the heroes’ expedition to Colchis, the legend of the Colchian sorceress and the fifty brave men fascinated ancient poets, historians and tragedians. Hence the paper focuses on the Greek literary sources which conveyed the tale. A detailed discussion of the works aims to highlight the diversity and multiplicity of the myth’s versions as well as outlines the evolution of the legend, whose most celebrated and recognized literary variant is found in Argonautica by Apollonius Rhodius
Łaciński viridis, włoski verde, polski zielony – językowo-kulturowe studium barwy zielonej
Full text linkThe aim of the study is to discuss the place of the colour green with its shades in Italian and Polish since antiquity (Latin) until the present times. Furthermore, the author shows the differences and similarities between these languages in their diachronic perception of the colour green. The colour is be also analysed in general in the light of European culture, where green has its established position.The aim of the study is to discuss the place of the colour green with its shades in Italian and Polish since antiquity (Latin) until the present times. Furthermore, the author shows the differences and similarities between these languages in their diachronic perception of the colour green. The colour is be also analysed in general in the light of European culture, where green has its established position