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Localized Muscle Fatigue Prediction and Detection Using Surface Electromyography: A Review Study
No full textDetection of muscle fatigue is present in many fields, from the training of athletes and the aid in rehabilitation to the control of prosthetics. It can be considered ongoing research aiming to understand the human body and aid in protecting it. Fatigue itself can’t be measured directly but can be detected through other means, for example, electromyography, more specifically surface electromyography (sEMG), which is considered a noninvasive and easy-to-use tool. There are various studies on sEMG and its use in detecting muscle fatigue. This study presents a closer look at the application of sEMG in muscle fatigue detection, as well as the specifications required when dealing with it, such as muscle signal preprocessing, analysis methods, and post-processing, including feature extraction. This research serves as a simple guide for individuals that are new to this topic, enabling them to have a comprehensive view about it
A Non-Invasive Measuring and Monitoring Blood Glucose System Based on Deep Learning Algorithm
No full textThe persistent challenge of achieving accurate, painless, and continuous blood glucose monitoring in diabetes management has driven intensive research toward non-invasive technological solutions that balance precision, accessibility, and patient comfort. This work examines recent advancements in sensor-based glucose estimation and emphasizes the strong synergy between modern sensing technologies and deep learning methodologies. Emerging techniques such as bioimpedance analysis, near-infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared (Mid-IR) spectroscopy have demonstrated promising potential for glucose monitoring without the need for invasive blood sampling. In parallel, hybrid sensor architectures combined with artificial intelligence–driven predictive models have shown the ability to mitigate traditional limitations and enhance real-time monitoring performance. Despite these advances, significant challenges remain, including environmental sensitivity, inter-individual physiological variability, and calibration stability. To address these issues, adaptive machine learning frameworks are being developed to improve system robustness and reliability. This review critically evaluates current progress, identifies existing limitations, and outlines future research directions toward clinically viable, FDA-compliant non-invasive glucose monitoring systems
Laser based Packed Red Blood Cells Volume (PCV) Determination System
No full textIt is common knowledge that hematology test panels include measurements of the packed cell volume (PCV), also known as the hematocrit, because they are so helpful in any hematologic workup. The packed red blood cells volume (PCV) value can be calculated in a variety of ways. Some of them use direct approaches, while others use indirect ones. The most straightforward and cost-effective method, which is frequently used as a direct means to assess PCV but has a chance of human mistake and trapped plasma, is using a manual ruler to evaluate PCV. In our search, we developed and built an electronic circuit to assess PCV that relies on the Arduino board. The novel measurement tool is made up of red laser (650 nm) emitters to take advantage of the red light's specific absorption by erythrocytes (red blood cells), which is higher than the red light's lowest absorption by blood plasma. The photocell then receives the transmitted light, and the Arduino board processes the photocell's signal. The PCV evaluation method is reliable because of the change in light intensity between the incident and transmitted light after passing through a centrifuged blood sample. The device's six lasers and photocells make it easier and more accurate to calculate the ratio of erythrocyte volume to total blood volume. Last but not least, a PCV blood analysis can be made utilizing a programmable Arduino board 2560 mega (with determined mathematical formulae that are stored in Arduino memory to calculate and screen Values)
Heterotopia in Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights :A Foucauldian Perspective
No full textThe research at hand investigates the spatial dynamics in Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847) through Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia as represented in his book, The Order of Things (1966) and essay, “Of Other Spaces” (1986). Heterotopia is a form of “other space” that functions as a method to reveal sites of otherness and disruption of social norms. The paper is based on qualitative textual analysis, it adopts a Foucauldian approach to space and focuses on its six principles and their role in constructing oppositional sites. Brontë manipulates heterotopic spaces by contrasting Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange as heterotopic opposites. The Earnshaws’ house operates as a space of deviance that challenges Victorian domestic ideals. The Lintons’ residence embodies an illusory order that is constantly disrupted by its wild counterpart. The spaces interact to question rigid social hierarchies. In addition, the paper makes use of Edward W. Soja’s concept of Thirdspace to show how The moors subverts this dichotomy. The research confirms that Brontë’s use of heterotopic spaces critiques Victorian social constraints and enhances the Gothic and rebellious qualities of the novel.
Speech Acts in Ka'b ibn Zuhair's Poetry - An Analytical Study
No full textSpeech acts are an integrated gateway to clarification. They are a clear window that shows the extent of the power of creativity in choosing what is possible. The writer shows the image of what is possible in actions through what the action carries in terms of achievement, and thus the persuasive power that carries the meaning of convincing the recipient that it is the appropriate and chosen action appears.Verbal verbs are an integrated door to clarification, it is a clear window that shows the power of creativity in choosing what is possible so that the writer shows the image of the possible in actions through what the verb carries from the meaning of achievement, and thus the influence power that carries the meaning of persuasion to the recipient appears as the appropriate and chosen act.
The selection process is not an arbitrary process, but rather a mental process determined by the intelligence of the writer through the correct and careful selection to reach the process of understanding and persuasion.
falqudrat ealaa tahamul aleulmyt hi alati tahmil almutalaqiy nahw aliaqtinae likuli ma hu matruh ; liusaf almarad yahmil alaiqnae waliaiqtinaei
The role of sustainable promotion strategy in determining pricing strategy A survey study of the opinions of a sample of adminis-trative leaders in Al-Hadbaa Food Industries Company Limited in the city of Mosul
No full textThe current study aims to know (the promotion strategy sustainable And its role in determining the pricing strategy (a survey study of the opinions of a sample of administrative leaders in Al-Hadbaa Food Industries Company Limited in the city of Mosul), and adopting the promotion strategysustainable(as an independent variable), expressed in its dimensions, (payment strategy ysustainable Attraction strategysustainable pressure strategysus tainable Suggestion strategy ysustainable), and pricing strategy (as a dependent variable), represented by the dimensions required to be included (cost-based pricing strategy, market penetration strategy, price leadership strategy), in an attempt to address the research problem of “Do organizations realize the role that the promotion strategy can play?” sustainable In determining the pricing strategy? At the level of the company under study? To achieve this, the study adopted a hypothetical plan that reflects the nature of its hypotheses, which expressed the extent of the availability of the study variables, the correlation relationship, and the impact between them at the overall and partial levels. This study was completed based on the descriptive and analytical approach, and the questionnaire was used as a primary tool to collect the necessary data, in addition to personal interviews. two researcher adopted a deliberate sample of (42) individuals, which included (the chairman, members of the company’s board of directors, department heads, and production line supervisors), and the data collected was analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS Version 27) To obtain the results necessary to achieve the objectives of the study. Among the most notable results, it was found that the company adopts strict control procedures to reduce environmental violations, which ensures compliance with environmental standards and enhances its commitment to preserving the environment. These procedures contribute to supporting environmental sustainability within the company’s activitie
APPLICABLE LAW ON THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND STRENGTHENING INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL SANCTIONS TO ACHIEVE ITS GOALS
No full textFocusing on two fundamental elements—choosing the relevant law to handle violations and tightening criminal penalties to discourage ac-tivity that impede sustainable development—this research investigates the crucial junction between legal frameworks and the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It looks at how well functioning legal systems could help to preserve social fairness, natural resources, and economic stabil-ity. Emphasizing laws that address environmental degradation, corruption, resource exploitation, and human rights abuses, the research underlines the importance of adaptive legal processes that match national legislation with international commitments, including the United Nations SDGs. Among the recommendations include improving the breadth of current legislation, strengthening enforcement powers, and including contemporary issues as corporate responsibility and cybercrimes. The study emphasizes the need of openness, public awareness, and interagency cooperation in building a strong legal framework supporting sustainable development. This paper contends that a key tactic for guaranteeing long-term compliance with sustainable de-velopment goals is strengthening criminal penalties by filling up legislative frameworks and enforcement loopholes
On Ph-Continuous Functions and Tiph -Spaces
No full textIn this paper, we introduce a set of new and significant functional concepts in topology, including ph-continuous functions, ph-open functions (ph-openness), and ph-irresolute functions. The fundamental characteristic properties of these functions are investigated, in addition to reviewing and defining the conditions for the concept of ph-homeomorphism. Furthermore, we establish and define a new set of ph-separation axioms that enhance the precision of classifying topological spaces. Subsequently, we analyse the interrelationships among these axioms and their points of distinction from the standard axioms
Impact of infection with Toxoplasmosis on Serum albumin level and effect of blood transfusion in dissemination of infection in hemodialysis patients in Kirkuk city
Get PDFBackground: Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide parasitic disease, with a wide range of complications in immunocompromised patients such as hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to determine the associated factors for the transmission of T. gondii among hemodialysis patients in Kirkuk city. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 180 individuals (130 were hemodialysis patients and 50 were healthy controls). All serum samples were tested for Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) antibodies by ELISA. Results: The results of hemodialysis patients showed that the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies was higher in the age group between 30 and 60 years and there were 66.66% for both IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively, while the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies in the age group ? 60 years was 26.66% and 33.33% for both IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Yet, the lowest percentage was observed in the age group between 15 and 30 years and it was 6.66% for anti-T.gondii IgG without IgM (0%) in the same age group. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and risk factors such as age and blood transfusion with P-values < 0.05. On the other hand, the level of serum albumin was reduced significantly in hemodialysis patients infected with toxoplasmosis compared to the healthy group in this study. Conclusions: Screening for Toxoplasma gondii parasites among blood donors and dialysis patients mainly by serological tests plays an essential role in preventing the transmission infection to others during blood receiving and dialysis. Additionally, the infection with T. gondii affected the level of serum albumin in hemodialysis patients positive for Toxoplasmosis
Modeling and Optimization of Solar Panel Cooling using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques
Get PDFThe efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels significantly decreases when their surface temperature exceeds optimal operational limits. Conventional cooling methods have the disadvantage of poor adaptation to changing environment and therefore poor energy output. This study presents a novel approach for modeling and optimizing solar panel cooling systems using deep learning algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANNs). The real-time temperature and irradiance and ambient conditions are incorporated into a model that calculates the thermal performance and applies the model to dynamically control the cooling mechanism. The predictive modelling was conducted using convolutional neural network (CNN), and the optimization process of the real-time selection of the most effective cooling strategy was carried out using reinforcement learning (RL). This study has shown the promise of intelligence-focused cooling control powered by deep learning to optimise PV systems and make them more sustainable