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Mucormycosis Associated with COVID-19
Get PDFCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak firstly occurred in Wuhan, China, and quicklyspread worldwide causing global public health threats. Bacterial and fungal infections are reportedly the common secondary infections correlated to viral pneumonia and lead to severe complications particularly in critically ill patients. This complication could lead to an increase in the demands for intensive care, and consequently increasing the rate of deaths. Despite the importance of these complications, few published articles reported a secondary infection, in particular those caused by fungi. Secondary infections were detected in 50% of COVID-19 patients who did not survive.Mucormycosis or called “black fungus”caused by the fungus mucormycete, significant fungal infection that fundamentally affects individuals who suffer from health problems or occupy medicines that lower the ability of the body to fight against germs and illnesses. So, in this review, we highlighted the currently available articles of secondary fungal infection related to COVID-19 infected patients. Thus, the current study rises the attention to the importance of fungal secondary infection, particularly from previously epidemics caused by the virus corona such as MERS and SARS) –COV diseases
Studying the Effect Of Olive Cultivars and Tree Orientation in the Seasonal Activity of Olive Leaf Fly Dasineura oleae F. Loew during 2022: 1,2Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq.
No full textAbstract. The results of a study of the effect of olive cultivars in Kowal, Nepali, Khastawi, and Syria, and tree orientation, on the seasonal activity of the olive leaf fly, Dasineura oleae, showed that the infection appeared at the end of February 2022 in the form of swellings on young and tender leaves. The highest average infection was on 28/2 and reached 8.78 swellings / 10 leaves, while the lowest average infection was 1.62 swellings / 10 leaves. The Bakwal verity was the most sensitive cultivar to infestation with the olive leaf fly, with an average infection rate of 8.08 swellings / 10 leaves, followed by the Nepali verity with 4.98 swellings / 10 leaves, and Al Khastawi with 3.98 swellings / 10 leaves .While the Syrian variety was the most resistant variety, with an average of 2.58 swellings / 10 leaves, and the results showed that the eastern side was the preferred side for the insect, with an average infestation of 8.15 swellings / 10 leaves, followed by the southern side, 5.00 swellings / 10 leaves, the northern side 3.88, and finally the western side, 2.58 swellings / 10 leaves. The results of the correlation values ??were positive and significant between temperature and insect infestation positive and significant correlation between temperature and insect infestation for Bakool, Nepali and Syrian verities, negative and significant with the Khastawi verity, and negative and significant between the relative humidity and the same verities and positive and significant with the Khastawi verity.Abstract. The results of a study of the effect of olive cultivars in Kowal, Nepali, Khastawi, and Syria, and tree orientation, on the seasonal activity of the olive leaf fly, Dasineura oleae, showed that the infection appeared at the end of February 2022 in the form of swellings on young and tender leaves. The highest average infection was on 28/2 and reached 8.78 swellings / 10 leaves, while the lowest average infection was 1.62 swellings / 10 leaves. The Bakwal verity was the most sensitive cultivar to infestation with the olive leaf fly, with an average infection rate of 8.08 swellings / 10 leaves, followed by the Nepali verity with 4.98 swellings / 10 leaves, and Al Khastawi with 3.98 swellings / 10 leaves .While the Syrian variety was the most resistant variety, with an average of 2.58 swellings / 10 leaves, and the results showed that the eastern side was the preferred side for the insect, with an average infestation of 8.15 swellings / 10 leaves, followed by the southern side, 5.00 swellings / 10 leaves, the northern side 3.88, and finally the western side, 2.58 swellings / 10 leaves. The results of the correlation values ??were positive and significant between temperature and insect infestation positive and significant correlation between temperature and insect infestation for Bakool, Nepali and Syrian verities, negative and significant with the Khastawi verity, and negative and significant between the relative humidity and the same verities and positive and significant with the Khastawi verity
Studying the prevalence of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Kirkuk city
Get PDFKlebsiella pneumonia is an opportunistic pathogen causes several diseases including sepsis, pneumonia, and wound infections. There are two pathotypes of Klebsiella pneumonia: classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) and hypervirulent K. pneumonia (hvkp), which is an emerging variant of (ckp), clinically distinguished by invasive and multiple site infections. A total of 150 samples were collected from different hospitals in Kirkuk city during the period between November 2021 to June 2022. The age of patients ranged between (20– 60) years old of both sexes. These samples were highly recovered from females with a rate 66.67% compared to the males 33.33%. Thirty (20%) K. pneumonia was recovered from different clinical specimens including urine, sputum, burn and wound swabs. The most common age group infected with K. pneumoniae was (20-40) with a rate of 63.33% and commonly recovered from inpatients 53.33% rather than outpatients (46.67%). The capability of K. pneumonie isolates to form biofilm was also examined by using tissue culture plate (TCP) and Congo red agar (CRA) methods. The results indicate that biofilm production by TCP method was 70% (46.67% strong biofilm producer, 23.33 % moderate and 30 were negative), while Congo red agar (CRA) method showed 60% positivity for biofilm and 40% was negative. Antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted to all isolates by using disc diffusion test towards 8 antimicrobial agents. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates showed multiple resistance against 3 or more of different antibiotic groups (gentamicin 93%, ampicillin 96%, amoxicillin –clavulanate 90%, cefotaxime 83%, ceftazidime 96%, meropenem 36%, levofloxacin 76 % and gentamicin 93 %. K. pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and from sputum samples were more resistant to antibiotics
A survey: Breast Cancer Classification by Using Machine Learning Techniques
Get PDF Breast cancer in general is a common and deadly disease. Early detection can significantly reduce the chances of death. Using automated feature extraction and classification algorithms, physicians' experience in diagnosing and detecting breast cancer can be aided. This paper focuses on various statistical and machine learning studies of mammography datasets for enhancing the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis and classification based on various variables. The Naïve Bayes, the K-nearest neighbors (KNN), the Support Vector Machine (SVM), the Random Forest, the Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), fuzzy classifier, and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifiers, are the most widely used technologies in this field. In this study, we provide an overview of the existing CAD systems based on artificial intelligence classification techniques and many types of medical image modalities. Potential research initiatives to build more efficient and accurate CAD systems have been investigated
Shallow Model and Deep Learning Model for Features Extraction of Images
Get PDFApplications trend today on artificial intelligence (AI). The latest development in the field of machine learning (ML) comes from deep learning which is expected to cause a powerful improvement in the field of artificial intelligence. Features Extraction(FE) is very important. These properties make it possible to characterize the issue and create models that explain a system or process. A variety of image preparation techniques or data sets, Different approaches are done to obtain a feature that will be used for artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that projects involving ML or the trendiest and most well-liked fields, including deep learning. Algorithm selection techniques are vital in academic machine-learning research. This article discusses different categorization algorithms and new efforts to increase classification accuracy
Prediction of the discharge coefficient of steeply crested inclined weirs using different neural network techniques
Get PDFThe main objective of this work is to accurately predict in irrigation and hydraulic systems the discharge coefficient of the used sharp-crested inclined dams. Training algorithms on radial basis function RBF and multilayer perceptron MLP, and input variables such as weir height, length, inclination, and flow rates. From a tilted weir, researchers have used these training techniques as a model for various neural networks. In addition, the performance of CFNN is better than other neural networks such as RBF and MLP. The discharge coefficient Cd was the output variable. 95 test results were analysed. CFNN achieved a significant reduction in mean square errors (MSE), with values of 9.4363×10-12 and 1.6336×10-05, respectively, in the training and testing phases
Production of first and second-generation biodiesel for diesel engine operation: A review
Get PDFResearchers are looking at alternative cleaner technologies to fulfill the rising need for greener fuels. For this reason, alternatives like bioethanol and biodiesel have become commercially available. Renewable fuels are classified as either "first generation," "second generation," or "third generation" depending on the feedstock used in their manufacture. Over the past decade, society's reliance on first-generation biofuel feedstocks has created an inbuilt rivalry between food and fuel. Second-generation biofuel feed-stocks, such as non-edible agricultural waste products, energy crops, and crop residues, have been illuminated by emerging technical prospects. Technologies for producing biofuels have been proposed and developed in multiple stages, with first-generation technologies being the most developed. In several nations, including the United States, corn grain is used as feedstock in bio-refineries. There is a risk that food and fuel prices will rise as a result of the usage of edible materials in crops like corn. Second-generation biofuel manufacturing technology that utilizes crop residues has been developed to deal with this kind of problem. This study investigates and evaluates the economic viability and environmental sustainability of the proposed solution for the production of second-generation biodiesel
Food Security and The Current Situation in Iraq
Get PDFFood is the basis of human well-being. Increasing food production represents a basic and important strategy to alleviate global food insecurity. But despite the fact that world food production for the last century has remained ahead of demand. About a billion people around the world do not have enough to eat. Another billion people lack adequate nutrition. Food insecurity faces many pressures on both sides of supply and demand. The most important of these factors are housing growth, climate change, globalization, urbanization, and diseases. In addition to other factors that cause a change in food consumption patterns, many countries have resorted to approaches and policies to achieve food security for them. They have tired of the approach of production support, the liberalization of food trade, the policy of subsidizing consumption, in addition to the micronutrient supply program. And starting to understand food security from the perspective of shifting from the pillars to the tracks and addressing food security by encouraging growth in the agricultural sectors and increasing knowledge to implement the foundations of food security and to define foodborne diseases and the correct management of urban centers.Recently, international organizations have stressed the importance of sustainability to preserve natural and environmental resources and agricultural ecosystems, thus “achieving a comprehensive, food-secure and sustainable social system.” Considering food security and sustainability is an integral part, as today and in the future sustainable food systems will play a major role in maintaining nutritional well-being and health, in addition to sustaining food security in the future
Effect of Bee Population & Bee Venom Milking during Spring and Early Summer in s some of Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera L.) Colonies Biological Characters
Get PDFThe results of the current study conducted in the apiary of the College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul during the year 2021 showed that the highest amount mean of bee venom for the interaction reading was 0.232 mg/colony in the treatment of milking bee population 10 frames (TMV2) during the period from 1-6/5/2021 compared with the lowest mean interaction of 0.061 which was recorded during the period from 6/26-1/7 for the same treatment, while the highest mean interaction for the treatment of milking bee venom population of 5 frames (TMV1) during the period from 1-6/5 /2021 was 0.125 mg/colony compared with the lowest mean of 0.022 mg/colony during the period from 29/5 to 3/6/2021 for the same treatment. As for the treatment general mean, the highest mean was recorded by the TMV2 treatment which mounted to 0.1136 mg/colony compared with the lowest general mean of zero mg/colony by the TCM2 treatment. As for the milking treatment of TMV1, the highest mean recorded was 0.0527 mg/colony by the TMV1 treatment compared with the lowest average of zero mg/colony by the TCM1 treatment. As for the process effect of the bee venom milking on bee population, the bee popu lation decreased by 1.12 bee frame by the TMV2 treatment which recorded a mean of 14.15 bee frames compared with the TCM2 treatment that, in turn, recorded a mean of 15.27 bee frames. As for the treatments with a bee population of five frames, the bee population decreased by 1.30 bee frames by the treatment of TMV1 which recorded the lowest mean of 8.07 bee frames compared with the highest mean of 9.37 recorded by the TCM1 treatment. As for the general mean of the sealed workers brood, the statistical analysis did not show any significant differences between the two treatments; namely, the TMV2 and the TCM2 whose means both reached to 394.89 inch2 and 367.37 inch2 respectively. Regarding the treatments with bee population of five frames, the highest mean was recorded by the treatment TCM1 amounting to 315.98 inch 2 compared with the lowest mean of 245.07 recorded by the TMV1 treatment. As for the pollen area in treatments with a bee population of 10 frames, the highest mean was recorded by the TCM2 treatment which mounted to 66.78 inch2 compared with the lowest mean in the TMV2 treatment which mounted to 61.44, and the statistical analysis did not show significant differences for the effect of milking bee venom. In the pollen mean for the treatments with a bee population of five frames, the highest mean was recorded by the TCM1 treatment which reached to 65.11 inch2 compared with the lowest mean of 54.63 inch2, recorded by the TMV1 treatment
The Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) - Readiness of Extension Agents in Kwara State, Nigeria
No full textThe ICT-readiness of extension agents involves assessing their familiarity, skills, availability. access and usage of technology tools that can enhance extension service deliveries. This study assessed the ICTs-Readiness of agricultural extension agents in Kwara State, Nigeria. One hundred and five Agricultural extension workers were randomly selected for the study. Description statistics such as frequency count, percentage and mean were used for the study. The result revealed that about 64.8% of the respondents had low level of usage of ICTs/Digital devices. About 86.7% of the extension agents were somewhat ready for the use of ICTs/digital devices for agricultural extension services. This study therefore recommends that there should be continuous training of extension agents on the various digital devices so as to enhance extension services deliveries to the farmers in the study area