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Effects of Weather and Environmental Conditions on the Power Productivity of Photovoltaic Module in Kirkuk City
Get PDFAbstract. From the beginning of March to the end of August 2022, research is conducted to determine how sensitive monocrystalline solar modules are to variations in environmental factors such as dust and high temperature buildup as well as cloud cover in Kirkuk's environment. In order to evaluate how different environmental factors, affect a solar photovoltaic (PV) module, an experiment was conducted using three solar modules that were identical in all respects. The modules are cleaned on a regular basis in the morning in order to monitor the effect that the accumulation of dust will have on the surface of the dirty module during the months of April and May. According to the findings, the collection of dust has a significant impact on the daily energy yield of the module that has not been cleaned. On the other hand, this impact lasts for a very long time. The influence on the cloud cover can be seen very immediately. Because of this constraint, solar photovoltaics (PV) are an unstable source of power for remote devices, which strongly emphasizes the difficulties associated with frequently cleaning the surface of the module
Assessment of Landslide Hazards Using GIS-Based Techniques: An Overview 2000-2020
No full textLandslides considers one among the most popular dangerous natural calamities in environment, causing widespread social, economic, and environmental damage. Landslide result from rock's movement, soil, or debris on the ground a sloped area of terrain. According to geologists, who study the physical formations of the Earth the landslides are one sort of mass wasting. Moreover, zoning for landslide susceptibility, that has become popular in recent decades for the prediction landslide areas and manage land usage. The most important goal of this research is to introduce the main techniques that was used to evaluate landslides between the years 2000 and 2020. The findings revealed that the published researches have been discuss different techniques in statistical and analytical ways depending on the different variables and impacts. Moreover, the majority of prevalent procedure for determining vulnerability to landslides are: the Logistic regression with 20.49 % from total publication, Frequency ratio with 13.66%, Artificial neural network and Weights-of-evidence were about 9 % from the total articles publications with direct or indirect integration with geographical information system (GIS). The finding also revealed that the statistical methods were employed in 69.56 % of studies on the susceptibility to landslides, and Heuristic models were 24.45 %, and the articles based on models predetermined were 10.70 % of published articles of landslide applications
Water and its laws in the ancient civilization of Iraq
Get PDFMesopotamia is located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and their tributaries, and it is the home of the first civilizations in the ancient Near East, due to the fact that it contains permanent flowing rivers. Therefore, civilization originated and developed on the land of ancient Iraq, including those that were led by Hammurabi during the era of the first Kingdom of Babylon (1793-1751). BC, and King Dadusha during the reign of Eshnunna (1797-1786) BC also achieved wide fame, and also King Nebuchadnezzar during the era of the modern Babylonian kingdom (1103-1126) BC. The kings of Mesopotamia sought to develop and maintain a system concerned with irrigation channels and water distribution for the purpose of watering crops, and they created a legal framework that governs this irrigation work, and despite the legislation of legal articles, the people of Mesopotamia left a scarcity in writing legal articles pertaining to water, for example Among the ancient laws, we find in the Hammurabi Code a total of (282) legal articles, there are only four legal articles that deal with water. These laws were found that were inscribed on large stone tablets known as obelisks or mud tablets in ancient sites in central and southern Iraq. These laws were not established It not only created a system of liability, but also aimed at helping the injured party and restoring its previous rights
Effects of Two Types of Statins in Lipid Profile of Ovarictomized Female Rats
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Statins are the most important drugs that used widely in reducing cholesterol and lipids related with cholesterol and vascular heart diseases prevention, through HMG-Coenzyme reductase inhibition. Statins classified into two types: hydrophilic and lipophilic. The current study was carried out to clarify whether simvastatin or rousvastatin the better in serum lipid profile of ovariectomized female rats which used as a model for postmenopausal women who has hyperlipidemia, since menopause a physiological stage characterized by estrogen deficiency and ovaries function loss and related with some diseases of metabolism as the type-2 of diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolism disturbance, metabolic syndrome and increased risk of heart diseases. Twenty four adult female rats aged(2.5-3) month and weight(220-250) gm were grouped into four groups(6/group): control group (sham): without ovariectomy, ovariectomized(ovx) group, ovariectomized(ovx) rats that administrated by 20 mg/kg/day(orally) with rousvastatin and ovariectomized(ovx) rats that administrated by 20 mg/kg/day(orally) with simvastatin. After experiment period 60 day. Samples of blood were drawn in order to estimate lipid profile. The results were showed that ovariectomy operation caused a significant elevation in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), non-HDL-C, and decrease in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), but treatment with rousvastatin caused a greater reduction in serum total cholesterol and also in LDL-C than simvastatin, however, simvastatin showed a greater drooping in serum triglycerides, VLDL-C and also non-HDL-C. We concluded that there are differences in activity between simvastatin and rosuvastatin in lipid profile and the rosuvastatin has the effectiveness in total cholesterol and LDL-C reduction
Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis in patients with diabetes mellitus in Balad City , Salahaddin Province, Iraq
Get PDFBlastocystis sp. is anaerobic,global, eukaryotic, found in the human gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of the current study is to estimate the prevalence of B. hominis infection in people with diabetes mellitus. This study is conducted on a total of three hundred (300) individuals, ranging between 4 and 70 years, included (150) diabetic group and (150) non diabetic group. Samples are taken between November 2022 and May 2023. The practical portion and the collection of samples have been done in laboratories of General Balad Hospital in Balad City; Salahadin; Iraq. The study include the collection of 2 ml of venous blood, which is used to measure the HbA1c ratio with stool sample. This is used to examine the presence or absence of B.hominis by microscopic examination after it had been cultured. Modified Jones' Medium has reportedly been used for Blastocystis sp. in vitro culture. Only 80 diabetic patients (50 male, 30 female) were infected with B.hominis after the laboratory diagnosis, and only 50 people (13 male, 37 female) among the healthy participants have B.hominis. This study demonstrate that the DM group had a higher prevalence of this protozoan than the non-DM group. Also, it notice that there is a link between the presence of Blastocystis and other participant characteristics (risk factors). Most results in the present study are display a highly significant difference between both genders, residence, source of drinking water and keeping animals (p<0.05),but there is no statistically correlation with infection by this parasite among the classes of age and educational level (p>0.05)
The Histopathological & Behavioral Changes on Mice Experimentally Infected with Toxoplasma Gondii
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Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important and common zoonotic diseases worldwide with an infection rate ranging between 20-80% of the world’s population. The affecting in a wide range of mammals, including humans, causes significant disease effects on human health and economic animals. The parasite has an amazing ability to spread within the host’s body and uses various strategies to overcome the blood-brain barrier, with the ability to exist for life within the cells of the infected host. The current study aimed at following up the histopathological changes in the brain of mice experimentally infected with toxoplasmosis. A placenta samples were collected from Al-Salam Teaching Hospital in Mosul, and the parasite was isolated and injection of 100 tissue cyst into the peritoneal cavity of laboratory mice. The animals were divided into three groups, and the mice were dissected after 21, 30 and 40 days of infection period in order to study histopathological changes in the cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. The results of the numbers of parasite cysts in the hippocampus, amygdala and cortex showed an increase in the number of parasite cysts in the cortex compared with the hippocampus and amygdala, the histological sections showed in addition to vacuolar degenerative changes and Apoptosis. After 30 days of infection, the results showed a decrease in body weight in males. The histological sections showed necrosis of the granular cell layer, edema around the nerve axons. The results of the third group, after 40 days of infection, showed a decrease in body weight in males and females compared with the control group and an increase in brain weight in males. The histological sections showed the loss of nuclei in the cells of the basal medial nuclei, vacuolar degeneration, in addition to the presence of vacuolization
Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. tuberosi causing wilt disease on potato plants in Iraq.
Get PDFFusarium species are causing postharvest stem-end rot and dry rot throughout the potato growing season. At the current study, the causative wilt agent was identified in potatoes which were grown in Nineveh province, northern of Iraq, in autumn season of 2020. The disease manifests through symptoms like partial yellowing between the veins on the leaves of potatoes or overall wilting of the plant. Fungal species isolated from the infected potato plants were subsequently grown on potato dextrose agar, resulting in developing aerial mycelia appeared as white along violet-dark pigmentation. The fungus was identified from the phenotypic diagnosis as Fusariumoxysporum, and the pathogen was confirmed by Koch's hypotheses as well as affirmed through molecular test identification, where methodology proved it. Molecular based pathogen identification was carried out through an application of conserved DNA ribosomal region of internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Moreover, the complete verified ITS sequences are homologous to theisolates of Fusariumoxysporum in GenBank database having 99% similarity. At Gen-Bank, isolated one in Iraq was given #: MH859948.1 being an Accession. The best to the available knowledge, such is Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. tuberosi 1st molecular Potato record in Ira
Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide Pollutants Detection System Based on IoT
Get PDF Air pollution is one of the main causes of health problem in urban areas. Vehicles are the major sources of the air pollution in urban cities. To prevent the air pollution situation from increasing, we have developed an advanced outdoor air quality measurement system using a ESP8266 microcontroller and senores. It can be placed at crowded automobile locations to monitor pollutants emitted from vehicles. Ozone gas (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was measured in this study. The system provides continuous monitoring of vehicle air pollution with a high time accuracy
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DESIGN RATIOS ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE: A PARAMETRIC STUDY USING THE TAGUCHI METHOD
Get PDFThis paper presents the influence of numerous limits on compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete mixtures optimized by Taguchi method using Minitab program. The major goal is to find the optimal ratios that may give the greatest compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. A total of twenty fife mixtures of geopolymer concrete with fife mixtures of normal concrete were assessed considering the effect of inclusion of Alkali-Activator to binder ratio (AA/B), NaOH concentration (M), Influence of Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio (SS/SH) and effect of binder content (B). Different molarities was used in this study: 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16. Flay ash by way of waste material is used in ratios of (15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, and 25) % and substituted via 90 % of ordinary Portland cement to output the geopolymer concrete. Also, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide are utilized in ratios of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3. The alkali activator was made using sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, and water in ratios of (0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5). One type of locally crushed coarse aggregate was used instead of normal coarse aggregate that has sizes of 19 mm, as well as, fine aggregate. The examined mechanical property is characterized by compressive strength. The outcomes specify that the geopolymer concrete exhibits The highest compressive strength has been reached when the alkali-activator to binder ratio equal to 0.45, NaOH concentrations equal to 16, Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio equal to 1 and binder content reached to 25 %. Also, the result showed that the compressive increases as the curing age increases. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy was evaluated to show the geopolymer concrete microstructure
STUDY OF CFRP GEOMETRY ON SHEAR STRENGTHING OF RC CORBELS
Get PDFThis study adapts the geometry of CFRP used as a strengthening material to improve the shear strength of reinforced concrete corbels. The experimental work investigated using CFRP with specific geometry that focused on the size and magnitude of CFRP installation. The sizes are (1/3, 2/3 & full) the height of the cross-section, and the magnitude represented by multi-layers of CFRP. The results of the experimental work revealed that the performance of the CFRP near the neutral axis most contributed to the increase in the shear with 33.6 % in the middle third compared to 46.25 % for fully strengthened. The results also showed that using the second layer of CFRP was less efficient than the first layer due to debonding between the strips and the concrete surface before the rupture of the CFRP strips