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The effect of the type of milk on the chemical, rheological and yield properties of cheddar cheese produced from cow's and goat's milk
Get PDF???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? T1 . ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? T2. ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? 13 ?? ???? 6 ???? ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???? 1 ,60, 120 ,180 ???? ?? ??? ??????? , ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? . ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ? PH ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? . ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? .??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????This study aimed to determine the effect of the type of milk on the chemical properties, textural properties, and separation percentage of cheddar cheese produced from cow's milk and goat's milk. Where cheddar cheese is made from T1-modified cow's milk. Cheddar cheese is also made from T2 modified fat goat milk. The cheese was kept in ripening rooms at a temperature of 13°C for 6 months, and tests were conducted on the treatments during 1, 60, 120, and 180 days of the ripening period. The chemical tests included estimating the percentage of moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates, and total acidity, in addition to estimating the acidity. pH, while rheological tests included hardness, cohesion and flexibility. The percentage of purification of the cheddar cheese treatments was also estimated. The results showed that the cheddar cheese produced from goat’s milk was characterized by a lower moisture content than the cheddar cheese produced from cow’s milk. The percentages of protein, fat, ash, and acidity also increased, while the percentage of carbohydrates and PH decreased in the cheddar cheese produced from goat’s milk compared to Cheddar cheese produced from cow's milk. The results of rheological tests also showed lower values of hardness and cohesion and higher elasticity in cheddar cheese produced from goat’s milk compared to cheddar cheese produced from cow’s milk. The results also showed a lower percentage of decantation in cheddar cheese produced from goat’s milk compared to cheddar cheese produced from cow’s mil
The effect of using some extraction techniques on the physical and chemical properties of essential oils of citrus peels
Get PDFThe aim of the current study was to determine how extraction techniques affected the physical and chemical properties of the essential oils from citrus peels, specifically C.bitter orange and C.lemon. The results of the study were summarized as follows:1- The extraction method using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation without solvents was the best in terms of yield, time, and energy savings compared to the extraction method by pre-treatment with ultrasound and then hydro-distillation and hydro-distillation extraction .2- The essential oil extracted from dried bitter orange peels gave the best extraction yield using microwave-assisted hydro-distillation without solvents, reaching 4.21%, followed by lemon, which reached 2.21%.3- No significant effect was observed between the extraction methods used and the physical properties. While observed, there is a slight significant effect between the extraction methods used and the chemical properties of the C. bitter orange peel essential oil.4-It is noted that there is a slight significant effect between the extraction methods used and the physical and chemical properties of the C. Limon peel essential oil
Impact of Humic Acid Addition and Ginger Rhizome Extract Spraying on Apricot Seedlings, Cv. Hamawi
Get PDFDuring the growing season of 2021, the study was carried out in the lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping at the College of Agriculture at the University of Anbar, to investigate the impact of humic acid (H) addition at values of (0, 4, 8 ml L-1) and misting a ginger rhizome extract (Z) solution at (0, 5, 10 g L-1) concentrations On a few apricot seedling growth traits and chemical composition, cultivar Hamawi. The outcomes showed a considerable impact of humic acid addition on all attributes investigated, particularly the high level (H2, which exhibited the attributes with the highest values (seedlings height 30.57 cm, length of branches 18.6 cm, the stem diameter is 2.7 mm, number of leaves is 132.8 leaf seedlings-1, the percentage of dry matter of leaves is 51.86%, the leaf area 2065.02 cm2 seedlings-1, chlorophyll content of leaves 11.21 mg g-1 fresh weight, leaves content of total carbohydrates 13.76%). Spraying ginger rhizome extract was used as treatment (Z2), and it had the most notable effects on the characteristics (The rate of increase in seedling height, rate of increase in stem diameter, rate of increase in number of leaves, percentage of leaf dry matter, leaf area, content of leaves from chlorophyll, content of leaves from total carbohydrates) which were (26.58 cm, 2.6 mm, 126.7 seedling leaf-1, 50.79%, 1804.03 cm2 seedling-1, 11.13 mg g-1 fresh weight, and 12.95%) respectively.
During the growing season of 2021, the study was carried out in the lath house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping at the College of Agriculture at the University of Anbar, to investigate the impact of humic acid (H) addition at values of (0, 4, 8 ml L-1) and using an extract from the ginger rhizome (Z) solution at (0, 5, 10 g L-1) concentrations On a few apricot seedling growth traits and chemical composition, cultivar Hamawi. The outcomes showed a considerable impact of humic acid addition on all attributes investigated, particularly the high level (H2, which exhibited the attributes with the highest values (seedlings height 30.57 cm, length of branches 18.6 cm, the stem diameter is 2.7 mm, number of leaves is 132.8 leaf seedlings-1, the percentage of dry matter of leaves is 51.86%, the leaf area 2065.02 cm2 seedlings-1, chlorophyll content of leaves 11.21 mg g-1 fresh weight, leaves content of total carbohydrates 13.76%). Spraying ginger rhizome extract was used as treatment (Z2), and it had the most notable effects on the characteristics (The rate of increase in seedling height, rate of increase in stem diameter, rate of increase in number of leaves, percentage of leaf dry matter, leaf area, content of leaves from chlorophyll, content of leaves from total carbohydrates) which were (26.58 cm, 2.6 mm, 126.7 seedling leaf-1, 50.79%, 1804.03 cm2 seedling-1 , 11.13 mg g-1 fresh weight, and 12.95%) respectively
Review article : Thelaziosis and Filariasis in Iraq
Get PDFThelaziosis and Filariasis are zoonotic diseases were caused by nematodes of genus Thelazia, and Felaria respectively which occur in many countries of the world , and transmitted to human by insects . The current review aimed to investigate the most important previous studies about Thelaziosis and Filariasis in Iraq. A total of 5 Thelazia and 24 for Filariasis abstractsandfull-textarticles ofreferencesforseveralwebsitescollectedaboutinfectionsrates.Tableswerecreatedthatincludedgeneralinformationofspeciestheparasitesunder the study in Iraq. It was concluded that there is a scarcity of research on these diseases , especially modern research. Only three species of the Thelazia were T.bosc, T. lacrymalis and T.gulosa and five species of filariasis were Dirofilaria immitis, D.repens, Setraria equine, Onchocerca gutturosa, O.linealis in addition to microfilaria in different location of the bod
Design and Analysis of seven multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge inverter controlled by FPGA
Get PDFThis research focuses on the design and analysis of a seven multilevel cascaded H-Bridge CHB inverter system, with particular emphasis on its control mechanism implemented using Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) behavioral modeling, very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) code, which is created and verified with the Xilinx Integrated Synthesis Environment ISE 14.7 software. The proposed system employs seven cascaded H-Bridge inverters to achieve higher voltage levels and better waveform with lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) compared to traditional inverters. To demonstrate this concept, the entire system has been examined and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink software package. Different values of THDs, Vrms and voltage waveforms have been achieved. The experimental values were compared with that achieved in simulation, and the comparison proved that the results meet the expectations
Remote Control and Monitoring System for rural Pump stations using PLC
Get PDFSeveral water systems are mechanized to minimize human labor, optimize water utilization, and mitigate water wastage. The researchers suggested implementing remote administration and control for an automated water system. On a remote agricultural property, a pump will utilize a well to replenish a water tank with water. Because of the expensive nature of wired control, it is necessary to activate and deactivate this pump using wireless means in accordance with the water tank's filling level. The system's operator needs have constant access to a cell phone in order to monitor the water level in the tank. In order to accomplish the aforementioned objectives, this article utilizes a LOGO!® Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and a LOGO!® Communication Module Radio (CMR) manufactured by SIEMENS. SIEMENS utilizes SoftComfort V8.3 as the software for programming and controlling the system.
Solar Collectors with Nanofluid for Domestic Applications: A Review
Get PDFEnergy management and the usage of renewable energy sources are essential for a sustainable future. This paper carried out a review and summarize the recent topic of solar collectors heating water for use in a domestic application. Several researchers have studied solar collectors with flat plates, evacuated, and concentrators to improve heat gain for heating water. Entropy is an important function that the attention of investigators to reduce and increase the thermal efficiency of solar collectors. Nanofluid has been selected as have found a new class of thermal efficiency enhancement for this purpose. Thermal performance is enhanced by changing the geometry of the absorber plate of the solar collector and the evacuated tube is the best. It was found that increasing nanoparticle concentration to 4% improves solar collector efficiency to 30%. It was observed that the report of solar-collector enhancement by changing geometry and fluid flow through the solar-collector
Effect Of Spraying Zinc On Growth And Production Of Two Cultivars Of Potato Plant Solanum tuberosum L.
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted during the spring growing season of 2023 in Horticulture and Landscape Design / College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul to determine the effect of spraying zinc on growth and production of two cultivars of potato plant (Solanum tuberosum L.). Our experimentation consisted of two factors, the first one was two cultivars of imported potatoes (Elbeida and Laperla), the second included spraying plants with zinc at three concentrations (0, 500 and 750 mg.l-1), 6 treatments (2 x 3) included in this study and three replicates. The experimentation was carried out using a factorial experiment according to a Randomized complete block design (RCBD). The experiment results confirmed that Laperla cultivar significantly superior compared to Elbeida cultivar in most of the studied traits, and spraying plants with 500 mg.l-1 of zinc recorded best values compared with 750 mg.l-1 of zinc
Zearalenone toxins produced by some species of Fusarium
Get PDF?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? Fusarium spp.? Aspergillus spp.? Penicillium sp. ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????. ??? ??? 400 ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? 20 ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????. Zearalenone ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? Fusarium. ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????. ??? ?????? Zeralenone ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????. ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????????.Mycotoxins or fungal toxins are secondary metabolism comounds of filamentous fungi that are released at the end of the growth phase of particular species of Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. They are generated in hot and humid conditions. These toxins are included the most usual groups of food pollutants. Of the 400 kinds of mycotoxins identified, about 20 of them are considered a global threat to human being and animal health. Because these toxins can modify the food chain in different stages of planting, collecting, packing and processing. Zearalenone is a kind of mycotoxin created by the fungi Fusarium genus. They are found more in grains for instance corn, barley, wheat, oats and sorghum and have estrogenic effects on different organisms. Zeralenone is quickly absorbed and by binding to estrogen receptors, it disrupts the quantity of reproductive hormones. In this article, we review information on zearalenone generated by certain Fusarium species
Characterization of the Root-Knot Nematodes Infecting Olive Trees
Get PDFThis study was conducted in 2022–2023 to identify the plant parasitic nematodes that infect olive trees. A field survey was conducted in the most olive-growing areas in Bashiqa and Al-Fadhiliya, Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. The results recorded the parasitism of the nematode Meloidogyne javanica on the olive roots. The formation of root knots on the roots was the main disease symptom. The phenotypic characteristics and perineal pattern of adult females indicated M. javanica, which was used to identify the species. DNA barcoding of the 18SrDNA gene with the primer sets 18S-530R and 18S-CL-F3 yielded a 494-bp fragment to identify M. javanica. The sequence blasted with the GenBank database gave a maximum similarity of 97% to the global isolates. The sequence was submitted and deposited with the NCBI as an Iraqi isolate under accession number PP273501. This is considered the first record of M. javanica on olive trees in Nineveh Governorate