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Review of Classification Medical Images Using Ensemble Learning
Get PDFMachine learning and deep learning play an important role today in the field of classification and prediction of diseases, particularly through computer-assisted medical imaging and modern devices, which aid in early disease detection, lowering the actual risk, and assisting doctors in making a final diagnosis decision. Disease classification using ensemble learning techniques was developed to overcome the classification problem using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Although CNN produces good results, it requires a large dataset, limiting its use in classifying medical images due to its limited data availability and privacy. The research and literature have revealed that traditional machine learning algorithms perform poorly when trained using unbalanced datasets. This research aims to shed light on the use of ensemble learning in medical diagnosis, presents ensemble learning techniques used in classification, reviews previous research and work in which ensemble techniques were used, and proposes ensemble learning as a way to increase the accuracy and efficiency of classification systems by collecting the results of multiple classifiers and outputting the most voted results. These techniques improve the performance of a single model by using multiple models and combining their predictions
Comparative Analysis of the MDORA and AODV Routing Protocols for Vehicles Operating at Constant and Variable Speeds
Get PDFThe primary focuses of investigation have been and continue to be strategies for traffic management at intersections and measures to enhance road safety. An essential remedy for this issue is a Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET). At VANET, a variety of protocols are used to route communications between vehicles. At this research, we utilize the Multipath Dynamic Optimized Routing Algorithm (MDORA), which is an acronym for position-based maximum distance on-demand routing. By choosing the vehicle closest to the destination vehicle, this protocol has the advantage of choosing the next best jumping path, which lowers the number of hops. In two scenarios—vehicle travel at a dynamic speed and constant speed—this paper compares the MDORA and AODV protocols. three standards: Factors including the time spent on communication, the pace at which packets are delivered, and the time it takes for information to travel from one end to another, were used to assess how well the two protocols performed. Finally, a comparison of the number of missed packets between the MDORA and AODV protocols was done for moving vehicles at constant and dynamic speeds, The MDORA protocol can identify the optimal route even when cars are moving at varying speeds, resulting in minimal packet loss
In Vitro Propagation of Two Grapes, Vitis Vinifera L. cvs. Superior And Red Globe: ???? ????? ???? Vitis Vinifera L????? ?????
No full text?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? Vitis Vinifera L. ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? (10? 20? 30%) ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? (5? 10? 15 ?????). ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? (MS) ???? ??????? (1? 2? 3? 4 ???? ???-1) ?? ??????? ????? (BA) ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? (????? ?? BA). ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? MS ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? (0? 0.5? 1? 1.5 ???? ???-1) ??? ?????-3-?????? (IBA). ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? (??? ?????) ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? 20% ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? 10 ????? ???? ??????? (90 ?80% ????? Superior ????? Red Globe ??? ???????). ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? (4.50 ?20.90 ??? ??????? ????? Superior) ? (4.10 ?18.50 ??? ??????? ????? Red Globe) ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? 2 ????. ???-1 BA. ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? (90%) ????? ??? ?? ?????? (3.55 ??? ??? ????-1) ????? Superior ???? ?? ??? ???? 1 ????. ??? -1 IBA ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 0.5 ????. ???-1 IBA ???? ???? ????? (100%) ????? ??? ?? ?????? (3.50 ??? ??? ????-1) ???? Red Globe. ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????.The study aimed to investigate PGR's effect on in vitro grapes Vitis Vinifera L. cvs. Superior and Red globe single nodes propagation. During the surface sterilization stage (10, 20, and 30%), commercial bleach solution was used as a disinfectant agent for (5, 10, and 15 minutes) immersion periods. In the multiplication stage, explants were planted in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enriched with (1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L-1) of Benzyl Adenine (BA) concentrations and the control treatment was (BA-free). The rooting stage included cultivating plantlets from the multiplication stage on half-salt strength MS media supplied with (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg L-1) indole-3- butyric acid (IBA). The results showed that the highest percentage of uncontaminated explants was achieved in 20% of commercial bleach solutions used for a 10-minute immersion period (90 and 80% for Superior and Red Globe cultivars, respectively). The results of the multiplication stage showed that the highest values of newly formed shoots number and leaves number (4.50 and 20.90, respectively, for the Superior) and (4.10 and 18.50, respectively, for the Red Globe) were recorded in media containing 2 mg L-1 BA. The Superior variety showed the highest rooting percentage (90%) and significant root number (3.55) in a medium containing 1 mg L-1 IBA, while the Red Globe variety had the highest percentage (100%), and the root number (3.50) in the medium contained 0.5 mg L-1. The results of this study provide a rapid and effective propagative propagation system for selected grapes
Loan Repayment and Diversion among Anchor BorrowerProgramme’s Beneficiaries in Niger State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe Anchor Borrower Programme (ABP) involves the provision of farm inputs in kind and cash to small-holder farmers to boost production of targeted commodities. This study assessed loan repayment among ABP beneficiaries as well as to examine its diversion. A total of 138 farmers were randomly selected. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that majority (75.4%) of the beneficiaries were men with average age of 40 years with an average farm size of 1.7 hectares. Majority (85.5%) of the beneficiaries defaulted in repayment of the given loan. Although 43.5% and 14.5% of them made a partial and complete loan repayment respectively. Also, 28.3% of them payback with produce and cash while 18.1% and 16.7% of them payback with produce and cash only respectively. Furthermore, personal/familyneeds (62%) topped the reasons for loan diversion. Also, ?20% diverted the loan to serve other purposes. It was concluded that without proper management, the scheme would die. The study recommends that the scheme should be given better management in order to prevent diversion of funds as well as to ensure prompt repayment
Estimate of General and Specific Combining Ability for Double Hybrids of Corn(Zea mays L.)
Get PDF-Six inbred lines of maize (1) H, (2) A, (3) I, (4) T, (5) E, (6) M, obtain (45) double hybrids result from ( 15) single hybrids. The seeds of Double hybrids were sown in experiments comparison using randomized completely block design (RCBD) in three replication in the field of technical agricultural college It was conducted during 2021 autumn to estimate general and specific combining ability parents and double hybrids to study traits like (number of days to silking and tasselling, plant height, ear diameter and length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per ear, 300 grain weight, yield per plant.depended comparison Analysis of variances for double hybrids were differ significantly at 1% for all studied traits. Result from comparison analysis variances double hybrids showed presence effects additive genetic and non additive genetic effects for all traits. The inbreed ( A ) effects desirable of general combining ability for all characters. Followed by inbreed ( I ) which showed desirable general effects for all characters except height plant. The performance of double hybrid was good for all characters of interaction in arrangement (ij) (kl) and then could be used in future breeding programs
The Effect Interacting of Chitosan as a Biofilm with Nisin on the microbial content Chicken Breast Meat Preserved in Cold Storage
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the chitosan (ch) and nisin (Ni) composite films on chicken breast meat's microbial content during storage at four °C for 28 days. The results indicated that adding nisin to chitosan increased the inhibitory diameter of Gram-negative and positive bacteria compared to chitosan and nisin alone. Microbial tests of chicken breasts included estimating the total number all aerobic bacteria, proteolytic Bacterial Count and lipolytic Bacterial Count, the composite films of chitosan -nisin performed better than those of chitosan alone and on the control samples because they revealed a drop in all bacteria during the preservation periods. The addition of nisin to the chitosan casings increased the water vapour permeability.This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the chitosan (ch) and nisin (Ni) composite films on chicken breast meat's microbial content during storage at four °C for 28 days. The results indicated that adding nisin to chitosan increased the inhibitory diameter of Gram-negative and positive bacteria compared to chitosan and nisin alone. Microbial tests of chicken breasts included estimating the total number of all aerobic bacteria, proteolytic Bacterial Count and lipolytic Bacterial Count, the composite films of chitosan -nisin performed better than those of chitosan alone and on the control samples because they revealed a drop in all bacteria during the preservation periods. The addition of nisin to the chitosan casings increased the water vapour (vapor) permeability
Comparative Histological Analysis of Tongue Structure in adult Local and Shirazi Cats
Get PDFThe histological analysis of both the local and Sherazi cat was conducted to comprehend their distinct differences. These felines, classified under the scientific name (Felis catus), are members of the Felidae family . Thirty tongue samples were gathered from cats that frequented veterinary clinics, with each type of cat comprising fifteen samples. The results of our histological study of the parts of tongue in the local and adult Sherazi cat showed that it consists of three main layers: the mucosal layer, submucosa layer, and muscular layer in all its regions. The mucosal layer in the dorsal surface of the tongue is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, the tunica submucosa consisted of loose Connective tissue containing lingual glands in root region only, which are of two types: mucous and serous glands. The tunica muscularis appears as a bundles of muscle fibers in three directions, longitudinal, transverse and perpendicular. The study also found the presence of four types of lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue (filiform, fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae)
Protective effect of Taraxacum officinale extracts on the liver, heartand kidneys in rabbits exposed to ethylene glycol toxicity
Get PDFEthylene glycol (EG) it is an odorless, colorless, sweet-tasting liquid used for automobile anti-freeze, and is moderately toxic if ingested the leaves of the Taraxacum officinale plant are used as an antioxidant and immune booster. It is found in many countries, including Iraq. The animals were divided into 5 groups, each containing 6 rabbits: the control group (untreated), the group of rabbits treated with ethylene glycol at a dose of 1% ethylene glycol in drinking water for 60 days, in addition to that, groups from three to five) were treated with 1% ethylene. Glycol in drinking water with injections of extracted extracts from Taraxacum officinale leaves (flavonoids, glycosides and alkaloids) at a single daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight for two months. After the end of the experiment, blood was drawn into tubes devoid of anticoagulants to conduct some tests. Administration of ethylene glycol led to a significant decrease in the levels of measured antioxidants compared to the control group, except for SOD, while the groups treated with extracts isolated from the plant showed a decrease in MDA and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in Gpx, CAT, and GSH after treatment with Taraxacum extracts. officinale, while SOD increased significantly (P <0.05) compared to the ethylene glycol group. The pathological histopathological changes in the ethylene glycol group include the deposition of oxalates in the lumen of the renal tubules and atrophy of the glomerular tuft, which leads to the expansion of the Bowman’s space, necrosis of the epithelium of the renal tubules, congestion of blood cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the tissues of the kidneys, liver and heart, while treatment with extracts of Dandelion with ethylene glycol reduced necrosis in epithelial cells and decreased the number of inflammatory cells with less congestion in blood vessels in the tissues of the kidneys, liver and heart compared to the ethylene glycol group.Ethylene glycol (EG) it is an odorless, colorless, sweet-tasting liquid used for automobile anti-freeze, and is moderately toxic if ingested the leaves of the Taraxacum officinale plant are used as an antioxidant and immune booster. It is found in many countries, including Iraq. The animals were divided into 5 groups, each containing 6 rabbits: the control group (untreated), the group of rabbits treated with ethylene glycol at a dose of 1% ethylene glycol in drinking water for 60 days, in addition to that, groups from three to five) were treated with 1% ethylene. Glycol in drinking water with injections of extracted extracts from Taraxacum officinale leaves (flavonoids, glycosides and alkaloids) at a single daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight for two months. After the end of the experiment, blood was drawn into tubes devoid of anticoagulants to conduct some tests. Administration of ethylene glycol led to a significant decrease in the levels of measured antioxidants compared to the control group, except for SOD, while the groups treated with extracts isolated from the plant showed a decrease in MDA and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in Gpx, CAT, and GSH after treatment with Taraxacum extracts. officinale, while SOD increased significantly (P <0.05) compared to the ethylene glycol group. The pathological histopathological changes in the ethylene glycol group include the deposition of oxalates in the lumen of the renal tubules and atrophy of the glomerular tuft, which leads to the expansion of the Bowman’s space, necrosis of the epithelium of the renal tubules, congestion of blood cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the tissues of the kidneys, liver and heart, while treatment with extracts of Dandelion with ethylene glycol reduced necrosis in epithelial cells and decreased the number of inflammatory cells with less congestion in blood vessels in the tissues of the kidneys, liver and heart compared to the ethylene glycol group
COVID-19 Mobile Applications: A Review
Get PDFHealth Apps Facilitate Rapid and Timely Response to COVID-19 Outbreak. There is, however, no site that gives a comprehensive overview of the various applications created to battle the epidemic. This paper aims to look at the features and usefulness of free mobile health applications accessible in the Google Play and App stores that were used during the COVID-19 epidemic. The article found 11 mobile applications which are Mawid, Tabaud, Tawakkalna, Sehha, Aarogua Setu, Immuni, COVID-19 Symptom, NHS COVID-19, COVID watch, and finally PathCheck. Different features are investigated such as contact tracing, personalized notes, educational resources, network tools (GPS and Bluetooth), security and safety. Various applications have been built for various activities such as contact tracking, appointment booking, and online consultation. Only a few applications, however, have integrated functions and features including self-assessment, consultation, assistance, and information access. The majority of the applications are supported with GPS and Bluetooth technology for monitoring and tracing people. There were no applications found with built-in social media functionalities. It is advised that most of the characteristics and functions examined in this study have been used to build and construct an integrated mobile health application
Machine learning Techniques for Spondylolisthesis Diagnosis: a review
Get PDFSpondylolisthesis, a condition marked by vertebral slippage, presents a challenge in medical diagnosis and grading. This study examines previous research on image processing for spondylolisthesis severity evaluation. Methodologies, sample sizes, algorithms, and measurement accuracy are the main topics of interest. The study shows the potential of computer-assisted methods for diagnosing spondylolisthesis, particularly in situations where qualified medical personnel are scarce. Machine learning techniques and deep learning models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are utilized to accurately detect and assess spondylolisthesis. Notably, these findings address a gap in previous research by measuring spondylolisthesis severity and distinguishing between normal and abnormal spines. The analysis emphasizes the significance of selecting the appropriate modality and data quality, with X-rays predominating as the preferred imaging technique. This review highlights how deep learning and machine learning models can improve spondylolisthesis diagnosis, enabling enhanced diagnosis and treatment methods