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Efficacy Of Wood Vinegar Toxicity On Southern Cowpea Beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.)(Bruchidae: Coleoptera)
Get PDFThe study proved that both eucalyptus, mulberry and willow vinegar help reduce the toxicity of southern cowpea beetle at various stages (eggs, larvae, pupae and adults) when used at 2, 4, 6 and 8 percent concentrations. When comparing the types of vinegar, the average percentage of egg killing in mulberry and willow was better with eucalyptus, reaching 73.33, 53.33 and 61.67%, than the others. The science behind this research found that the averages for the different types of vinegar had significant differences. The eggs were killed more successfully as the vinegar was made more concentrated, reaching 40.00%, 51.11%, 71.11% and 88.89% respectively. The study discovered that the percentages of insect larvae killed by vinegar were 49.16, 46.67 and 45.83%, depending on the type of insect larva. The results indicated that as the vinegar levels increased, the average mortality among the larvae grew and became 26.67. 36.67, 52.22, 73.33% for the three species in the study. The average rate of pupal deaths due to eucalyptus, mulberry and willow vinegar was 52.49, 52.77, 52.72%, respectively. As the levels of the toxic substance increased, the amount of pupal death also went up. It was demonstrated that eucalyptus vinegar killed the highest average number of adult insects, with 55.83%, compared to the 47.50 and 42.50% results for mulberry and willow vinegar. The EUA proved that adult insect death was significantly lower when using eucalyptus vinegar compared to the other types. Adult insects experienced a higher death rate as vinegar concentration increased, reaching 26.67, 40, 55.56 and 72.22%. % Respectively.The study proved that both eucalyptus, mulberry and willow inegar help reduce the toxicity of southern cowpea beetle at various stages (eggs, larvae, pupae and adults) when used at 2, 4, 6 and 8 percent concentrations. When comparing vinegar types, eucalyptus had a better average egg-mortality rate than the other vinegar types studied, at 73.33%, 53.33%, and 61.67%, respectively. Statistical analysis results showed a significant difference between the average egg-mortality rates of eucalyptus vinegar and the other vinegar types.The eggs were mortality more successfully as the vinegar was made more concentrated, reaching 40.00%, 51.11%, 71.11% and 88.89% respectively. The study discovered that the percentages of insect larvae mortality by vinegar were 49.16, 46.67 and 45.83%, depending on the type of wood vinegar. The results indicated that as the Vinegar concentration increased, the average mortality among the larvae grew and became 26.67. 36.67, 52.22, 73.33% for the three species in the study. The average rate of pupal deaths due to eucalyptus, mulberry and willow vinegar was 52.49, 52.77, 52.72%, respectively. As the levels of the toxic substance increased, the amount of pupal death also went up. It was demonstrated that eucalyptus vinegar mortality the highest average number of adult insects, with 55.83%, compared to the 47.50 and 42.50% results for mulberry and willow vinegar. The EUA proved that adult insect death was significantly lower when using eucalyptus vinegar compared to the other types. Adult insects experienced a higher death rate as vinegar concentration increased, reaching 26.67, 40, 55.56 and 72.22%. % Respectively
Change Detection in Road Networks During Conflicts: A Deep Learning Framework with Aerial Photography
Get PDFMonitoring transformations in road infrastructure is critical for disaster response and recovery in conflict regions. However, manual analysis of road damage is time-consuming and limited in scale, while the speed of changes requires near real-time monitoring. This paper presents a deep learning framework using Hybrid Spectral Networks (HybridSN) for change detection in road networks during conflicts, applied to the city of Old Mosul, Iraq. The HybridSN model achieved high accuracy in road detection, with recall of 0.990 in 2014 and 0.982 in 2022. Change detection analysis revealed a substantial reduction of 13,249.83 m in total road length from 20,186.93 m in 2014 to 6,937.10 m in 2022, indicating widespread damage. The quantitative results demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach in assessing road network changes through conflict
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Phishing Email Detection
Get PDFNowadays,The danger of cyberattacks grows as technology develops, requiring more advanced detection and prevention methods. With an emphasis on e-mail phishing detection, the study explores the use of machine learning (ML) to improve cybersecurity measures. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), and CatBoost are among the ML models that are assessed to determine how well they can differentiate between secure and phishing e-mails. F1-score, recall, accuracy, and precision are among the evaluation measures. The results show that all models perform well, with SVM showing perfect accuracy. These findings highlight the importance of cutting-edge technologies in strengthening cybersecurity defenses against changing cyber threats
Impact of Corrugation Surface and Nanofluid Flow on Hydrothermal Performance: A Review
Get PDFThis article reviews several parts of previous studies, including both numerical and experimental investigations that examined the effects of heat transfer and pressure drop when using nanofluids or conventional fluids. The study presents design parameters, practical scales, and summarized results of earlier work in tabular form, accompanied by appropriate discussion. It also examines the influence of different types of nanoparticles(including metal oxides, nonmetals, and metals)on the basic thermodynamic and hydraulic behavior of working fluids, as well as the role of base fluids such as water and air. The review highlights that some research topics remain attractive and worth further exploration due to their simple design and high performance. In contrast, other topics are hindered by limitations, such as the challenges of applying complex geometries or the negative effects of increased pressure drop and nanoparticle agglomeration on channel walls, which can obstruct heat transfer. Overall, this review provides a foundation for more advanced studies on the performance of nanofluids in corrugated channel systems. These insights are valuable for guiding the design of compact and energy-efficient heat exchangers, with potential benefits in reducing energy consumption and environmental impact. Future research should focus on improving nanoparticle dispersion techniques, mitigating pressure drop penalties, and exploring hybrid nanofluids and innovative channel geometries to achieve even better hydrothermal performance
Marketing information systems as approach to enhancing marketing capabilities / a exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of pharmacists working in medicine warehouses/ Mosul city
Get PDF???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ( ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????)? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? (??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????)? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? " ?? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????"? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? (186) ??????? ?? ???? ?????? (121) ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????(SPSS)? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????.The current study aimed to demonstrate the role of marketing information systems in enhancing marketing capabilities in drug stores operating in the city of Mosul. Marketing information systems were adopted as an independent variable expressed in its dimensions (the system of internal records and reports, the marketing intelligence system, the marketing research system), and marketing capabilities as A dependent variable expressed in its dimensions (dynamic capabilities, adaptive capabilities), in an attempt to answer a research question: “Does the marketing information system contribute to enhancing marketing capabilities?”. Drug stores were chosen as a field for the current study due to their clear reliance on the marketing function in managing its various activities. In order to reach the best solution to the aforementioned problem, the study adopted a hypothetical plan that reflects the nature of the study’s hypotheses, which in turn expressed the nature of the correlations between the study variables and the significance of their dimensions and the paths of influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. To test these hypotheses, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted, and to collect data, a form was prepared. A questionnaire was distributed electronically and on paper, and the research field for the current study represents the drug stores operating in the city of Mosul, where the work activity of the stores depends on marketing activities in their primary field of work for the purpose of marketing their products of goods and services in the market, and the study population is represented by pharmacists working in the drug stores in the city of Mosul. The number of them is (186) pharmacists, by selecting (121) of them to represent a purposive sample for the study. The data was analysed through a set of descriptive and analytical statistical methods and using the statistical program (SPSS).The study reached a set of conclusions, which in turn confirmed the existence of correlations and significant influence between the variables of the study at the macro and micro levels, as well as the effect of marketing information systems on marketing capabilities. This is a clear indication that marketing information systems are considered an important input to support the marketing activities of the organizations studied and therefore Strengthening their marketing capabilities, and in light of the above conclusions, the researcher presented a set of proposals, the most prominent of which is that organizations should pay greater attention to adopting and enhancing the dimensions that express marketing information systems, in addition to paying attention to the concept of marketing capabilities and adopting the dimensions that express it, in addition to searching extensively for the possible reasons that would Weaken marketing capabilities
The relationship of infection with Entamoeba gingivalis to the hormone cortisol and the enzyme alpha-amylase in females with gingivitis
No full textThe current study was conducted on the Entamoeba gingivalis parasite, where 81 samples were collected from females only in the form of gingival pocket swabs from visitors to the Periodontal Department of the Teaching Hospital at the College of Dentistry / University of Mosul during the period from 1/12/2019 to 12/1/2020. It was distributed among 65 samples from females with gum disease and 16 samples from healthy females without gum disease. The total infection rate with the amoeba parasite was 69.14%. It was distributed among females with gum disease, where the infection rate reached 73.84%, and among females without gum disease, which amounted to 50. %. A number of biochemical tests were conducted on people with gum disease, some of whom had high blood pressure and diabetes, and included measuring the concentration of the hormone cortisol, as well as measuring the activity of the alpha-amylase enzyme. An increase in the concentration of the hormone cortisol and a decrease in the activity of the alpha-amylase enzyme were observed in the group of females suffering from chronic gingivitis compared to the rest of the groups, as well as a decrease in the activity of the enzyme. Amylase in both the group of females with high blood pressure and diabetes compared to the control group at the probability level (p ?0.005) and an increase in the percentages of white blood cells, lymphocytes and neutrophil
Radiographical, Histomorphological and Histochemical study of pharyngeal tonsil in adult Indigenous sheep(Ovis aries) and goat(Capra aegagrus hircus) : a comparative study
Get PDFThe pharyngeal tonsils are lymphoepithelial structures at the opening of the respiratory system. They are covered by pseudostratified columnar epithelium and have longitudinal and transverse crypts going through them. Nodular and diffuse lymphoid tissue, connective tissue, and clusters of secretory units, surrounded by muscle and adipose tissue, intersperse these crypts.
We conducted the study on 12 sheep and 12 local goats, all clinically healthy, adult , and slaughtered at the Mosul slaughterhouse. We fixed the samples in 10% neutral buffered formalin.
The results of the X-ray study revealed that the pharyngeal tonsils of sheep and local goats are hollow in some parts but clearly visible in the posterior part of the nasopharynx, caudal to the vomer bone. Using routine and special stains for histological and histochemical studies, researchers found two types of epithelium in the tonsils of sheep and goats: reticular and non-reticular. The thickness of these epithelium types was different. We noted the interspersion of crypts of varying lengths in the epithelium, the presence of primary and secondary follicles, and dark marginal zones of lymphocytes and germinal centers. The lamina propria-submucosa had collagenous and reticular fibers under the epithelium and around the follicles. It also had adipose and glandular tissues, which were shown by secretory units and their ducts. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain and Alcian blue both showed that these tissues were present. There were high-endothelial venules next to the follicles that helped lymphocytes move through both the reticular and non-reticular epithelium.
Our current study concludes that there are differences in the location, histological, and histochemical structure of the pharyngeal tonsils between sheep and goats
A Review of Existence Intrusions Detection-Based Machine Learning Datasets of Future Generation Networks
Get PDF"Innovative technologies of future generation networks such as Cyber-Physical System (CPS), Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET), Internet of Things (IOT), and Wireless network commonly known as Wi-Fi have emerged, which require a distinguished understanding of the main challenges and constraints that face the design and implementation of an Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) for such type of networks. Moreover, a dramatic increase in the rate of cyber-attacks has increased, and new cases of intrusions, bugs, novel attacking tactics, and vulnerabilities are evolving daily. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are one of the solutions against these attacks. Thus, IDS needs to improve its performance in terms of its ability to detect new attacks and respond to threats. Getting suitable datasets for evaluating various research designs in IDS design domains is a significant challenge"“. The machine learning (ML) design approach can quickly identify trends and patterns of intrusions, bugs, tactics, and cyber vulnerabilities with minimum human intervention. This paper reviews datasets for the research community. Furthermore, it explores the challenges of Dataset for intrusion detection based on Machine learning. It glances through a period of 6 years of intrusion detection datasets, explores what is currently applicable, outlines criteria for selecting the best Dataset, and explores future directions for creating relevant datasets
Pediatric Radiology: An Analysis of AI-Powered Bone Age Determination Methods
Get PDFSignificant progress has been made in using artificial intelligence, especially deep learning, to help doctors evaluate the bone age of children in medical images. Traditional methods like the Leather Tanner-Whitehouse and Greulich-Pyle approaches have some issues with consistency and accuracy. But with AI, there's been a big shift. This review looks at how AI has changed bone age evaluation over time, making it easier and more reliable. It covers different AI systems used, from older semi-automated ones like HANDX to newer ones like BoneXpert. The review explains how these systems work, their pros and cons, and how well they perform. It's a helpful guide for scientists, doctors, and anyone interested in this field, covering both old and new AI-driven methods for evaluating bone age