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MRI Brain Tumor Detection Using Quantum Mechanics and Neural Networks
Get PDFQuantum computing provides a powerful solution by using quantum parallelism and state rotations to perform the analysis at a far superior rate. Key contributions of this study include: proposing a multi-layer Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) architecture where classical weights are replaced with quantum gates to achieve scalability learning; showing possible use of quantum entanglement in QNN to find features as edges of the tumour; and comparing the QNN model to conventional and semi-quantum models to prove the effectiveness of the quantum model. The methodology involves Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain tumour datasets and normalizes and augments the datasets to achieve good results. Qubit utilization is optimized through amplitude and basis encoding, while QNN layers employ rotation and entanglement gates. The model is trained with simulators available in the Qiskit environment and is tested on quantum devices (D-Wave). The QNN obtained an accuracy of 97.2% for biometric data; moreover, it had 96.5% precision and 98.1% recall, and an AUC-ROC score of 0.98 was higher than the classical and hybrid models. However, problems with quantum hardware and data encoding remain understudied and form the basis of possible subsequent experimentation in the healthcare area
Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for SQL Injection Detection: A Review
Get PDFStructured Query Language Injection (SQLi) remains one of the most serious threats to web applications and has the ability to bypass traditional signature-based detection through obfuscation and zero-day payloads. This has driven the wider application of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. This paper analyzes 50 peer-reviewed literatures published in the interval between 2015 and 2025, where the reported accuracy of detection ranged between 93 and 99.9%. Traditional ML methods include Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and Decision Tree (DT). DL approaches encompass Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), and transformer-based models such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). Feature extraction methods include Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), Word2Vec, and contextual embeddings. Evaluation of proposed models uncover new research opportunities in terms of lack of data availability, the problem of calss imbalance, real-time application, and excessive use of hardware resources
Effect of Thermal Bridges on Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Block Units
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to develop lightweight hollow concrete blocks for use as partition walls instead of load-bearing walls. These blocks aim to improve thermal insulation by reducing heat transfer through cavities of varying dimensions and shapes, thereby minimizing thermal bridges and enhancing thermal resistance. Six foam ratios (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 L/m³) and seven cement-to-sand ratios (1:1.5 to 1:2.5) were tested. Experimental tests included compressive strength, wet and dry density, water absorption, and thermal conductivity on blocks with different cavity shapes (B0–B6). To evaluate thermal behavior, the blocks were also exposed to heat at 300°C. Wall thicknesses of 30, 35, and 40 mm were examined. Overlapping openings were designed to extend the heat transfer path, improving insulation. The use of foam enhanced thermal performance, reducing energy consumption and supporting sustainability through efficient heat insulation
Evaluation of Heat Transfer Enhancement from an Oscillation Heat Sink Under Free Convection Heat Transfer
Get PDFA heat sink is a device used to dissipate heat generated by electrical and electronic devices; it is classified as an active or passive heat sink according to the cooling process. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of forced vibration on heat sink thermal performance. For this purpose, a heat sink with rectangular longitudinal fins with regular aluminum sections has been selected. The heat sink has nine fins, each measuring 100 × 130 mm and having a thickness of 2 mm. These fins are firmly attached to a 100 × 100 × 10 mm aluminum base that contains a 140 W electric heater. It was installed at the middle height of a 75 × 14× 12 cm vertical duct. It was connected to a system that generated vibrations and the electrical power supply. A test rig contains various measurement devices, including a temperature data logger, an anemometer, and voltage and current meters. The tests were done with three different heat flux amounts: 150, 230, and 360 W/m2. The frequency range of the vibrations was 0–50 Hz, and the amplitude ranged from 0.07 to 6.99 mm using free convection. The analysis showed a linear relationship between the heat transfer coefficient and the modified Rayleigh number. This was at a frequency of 0 Hz and a heat flux ranging from 5 to 12 W/m2. Throughout the free-convective heat transfer range, even though vibration increased the heat transfer coefficient, it was found that the maximum heat transfer coefficient for overall heat fluxes was reached at 50 Hz. Regarding 150, 230, and 360 W/m2, respectively, this coefficient increased by 160, 59.5, and 55.2% compared to 0 Hz. Moreover, vibration has contributed to increased air mass flow at 50 Hz (8.8, 12.7, and 25%) compared to 0 Hz. Also, the results showed that the fin's efficiency decreased due to vibration by 9.8, 9.8, and 11.8% for 150, 230, and 360 W/m2, respectively
The Extent of the possibility of Implementing Some Items of the International Standard (ISO 50001:2018) / An analytical survey study of the opinions of a sample of the job cadres in the Northern Refineries Company / Qayyarah Refinery
Get PDF??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? (ISO 50001:2018) ?? ???? ????? ?????? - ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????. ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????: ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ISO 50001:2018))? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????
????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????: ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? (ISO 50001:2018)? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????.
??? ??? ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????: ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ((ISO 50001:2018. ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????.This research sought to determine the possibility of establishing some items of the energy management system according to the international standard (ISO 50001:2018) in the Northern Refineries Company - Qayyarah Refinery with the aim of keeping pace with the changes witnessed by the world in the field of energy and achieving a competitive advantage over competing companies, not to mention benefiting from the advantages of the energy management system represented by its items and its major role in reducing energy consumption and improving its quality and performance, which is reflected in reducing the costs associated with it. The research problem was based on the following question: To what extent do the management and employees of the company under study realize the energy management system according to the international standard (ISO 50001:2018), and do they seek to establish these items effectively, and what are the appropriate items for application first?
The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: the research company’s readiness to implement the provisions of the international standard (ISO 50001:2018), in addition to a broad awareness among its management and employees of the importance of implementing the energy management system in accordance with the aforementioned standard. In light of these conclusions, a number of proposals were presented, the most prominent of which are: supporting the research company’s management to move towards implementing the provisions of the international standard (ISO 50001:2018), which qualifies it to implement the energy management system later, in addition to adopting a work methodology through basic steps such as forming a specialized energy team to follow up on progress in this regard
Impact of Germination or Heat treatment of fenugreek seeds on some growth and blood characteristics in Awassi lambs.
Get PDFThe research was conducted on the field site of the College of Agriculture and Forestry at the University of Mosul on 20 Awassi lambs to find the effect on the blood properties and growth characteristics of Awassi lambs when using roasted, sprouted, and regular fenugreek. The average weight of the experiment animals was 25.7 ± 3.3 kg during the winter season, and the average age was 4-5 months )90 day period), The animals were divided into four groups.1st group represent the control. 2nd group the animals, 30 grams of dried fenugreek were added. 3rd group the animals, 30 grams of fenugreek It was exposed to heat. 4th group the animals, 30 grams of fenugreek were cultured for 48 hours and added to the feed of the fourth treatment. The research results indicated that there was no significant effect on the final weight, the rate of daily and total weight gain, and the carcass weights of Awassi lambs exposed to all types of fenugreek compared to the control, while a significant effect was found (P<0.05). Roasted fenugreek reduces sugar and triglycerides, sprouted fenugreek reduces cholesterol and triglycerides and raises total protein in blood serum, and urea raises protein and urea, while regular fenugreek helps reduce fat and thus has a positive effect on animals
Treatment With Glyphosate and Its Effect on The Concentration of Three Types of Amino Acids and The Concentration of The Pesticide in The Vegetative Parts of Pea and Oat Plants
Get PDFThe current study was conducted in the greenhouses and laboratories of the Department of Biology/College of Education for Pure Science/University of Mosul during the academic year 2023-2024 to demonstrate the effect of the pesticide glyphosate (a herbicide) at four concentrations on the concentration of three types of amino acids and the concentration of the pesticide in the vegetative parts of pea and oat plants, in addition to the control treatment.
The results showed that treatment with the pesticide glyphosate, at the fourth concentration (2.10) ml/5 liters, led to a decrease in the concentration of the three amino acids: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine, as they reached (17.39), (219.61), and (245.83) ppm , respectively, compared to the control treatment for each amino acid. As for the concentration of the pesticide in the vegetative parts of the two plants, it was found that there was an increase in the concentration of the pesticide in the two plants whenever the concentration of the pesticide used in the research increased compared to the control treatment, as the concentration of the pesticide glyphosate in the vegetative parts of the pea reached (64.71) ppm, while the concentration of the pesticide in the oat reached (59.77) ppm when treating the plant with the pesticide at a concentration of (2.10) ml/5 liters compared to the control treatment, which amounted to (5.91) and (1.91) ppm in the vegetative parts of pea and oat plants, respectively
Prenatal Study of Iraqi Sheep Fetuses Skulls (Ovis aries) Through Using Different Techniques: Morphological Study
Get PDFThis work aims to prepare the skulls of Iraqi sheep fetuses during restricted periods of embryonic development for prenatal morphological study using different techniques.
The skull consists of two parts: the calvarium, which contains the brain, that also called the neurocranium, and the facial part of the skull, that also called the visceral cranium. Thirty five samples of local Iraqi sheep fetuses were taken over regular visits to the slaughterhouses, aged between 72 to 155 days of pregnancy. Maceration, radiography, and fly larvae were the different methods to prepare the fetuses’ skull bones for prenatal morphological study.
The method of maceration with sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) and radiography of embryos heads’ showed that the frontal, parietal, inter-parietal, and squamous part of the temporal bone appeared fully ossified at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy, while the occipital, sphenoid, the vertical plate of the ethmoid bone, and the petrous part of the temporal bone appeared fully ossified in the third trimester of pregnancy. While the fly larvae maceration method showed that the bones seemed fully ossified at the end of the second trimester and in the third trimester of pregnancy, but were separated from each other.
In conclusion, the best methods for the prenatal study of fetuses’ skulls are the maceration by NaOH and the radiography which allows us to achieve the anatomical measurements of fetuses’ skulls. In contrast, the maceration by fly larvae allows us to study the surface area of each bone
Mapping Clay and Clay Mineral Deposits in Kirkuk City using Landsat Satellite Data
Get PDFThe focus of this study is to generate maps of clay and clay mineral deposits in the Kirkuk, Bor, and Jambor structures using Landsat imagery. The authors utilized the band ratio (5/7) and band composite (3,4,5) techniques in their analysis. Fifty-two sites were selected as testing data to evaluate the accuracy of the generated map, which showed a correlation of 0.74. The study concludes that remote sensing techniques provide a cost effective and accurate means to map the locations of clay and clay mineral deposits, offering an alternative to traditional mapping methods.
Enhancing voltage stability index after adding EVs charging station by using PV system
Get PDF This research paper presents a comprehensive study of a modular system that has previously hosted electric vehicle charging stations. This research focuses on addressing the impact of incorporating these chargers through renewable energy sources, given their role in mitigating global warming and reducing dependence on conventional energy sources. Therefore, photovoltaic energy systems were used and integrated into a modular system using the ETAP program, after adding five charger stations at different power levels, which led to the voltage stability index dropping to less than 90%. An integrated photovoltaic system was modeled and added to the IEEE 30 Bus standards, incorporating chargers. Voltage stability analyses were conducted for both voltage analysis types in the sensitivity analysis and P-V and Q-V analyses. Detailed results were obtained, the most important of which was that the voltage stability index of the weakest conductors reached more than 95% after adding PV station, which is explained in detail in this paper