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Assessment of Future Precipitation Changes in Mediterranean Climate Regions From CMIP6 Ensemble
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Previous studies have indicated a large model disagreement in the future projections of precipitation changes over Mediterranean climate (MedClim) regions worldwide. The majority of these highly populated regions have experienced major droughts in the recent decades, raising concerns about future precipitation changes and their impacts. Here, we examine precipitation projections in five MedClim regions from the CMIP6 ensemble, focusing on model consensus regarding the direction and magnitude of future precipitation changes. Our analysis spans the period 2050–2079 relative to 1970–1999, considering two climate change scenarios (SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5) across the Mediterranean Basin (MED), California (CAL), the central coast of Chile (SAA), the Cape Province area of South Africa (SAF), and southwest Australia (AUS). The CMIP6 ensemble mean suggests that annual mean cumulative precipitation will decrease over all the regions except northern California, primarily due to a reduction in winter precipitation, and except over the Mediterranean Basin, where the most significant decrease occurs in autumn. Model agreement on the sign of future precipitation changes is high where the ensemble mean indicates a decrease, but lower where an increase or no changes are projected. Additionally, consecutive dry days (CDD) are expected to increase across all regions, whilst consecutive wet days (CWD) are expected to decrease. Maximum 1‐day precipitation is projected to increase uniformly across all regions. We conclude that despite substantial improvements to the new CMIP6 generation of models, the model spread in future precipitation projections in MedClim regions continues to be high. Impact studies need to account for these uncertainties and consider the whole intermodel range of projected precipitation changes
Dynamiser l'enseignement des appareillages en spectroscopie : l'intégration d'un jeu sérieux - Spectrowave
No full textInternational audienceTo enhance learning and strengthen student interest, involvement, and motivation, a serious game was introduced at the L3 and M1 levels. This game enables students to develop knowledge of the components and functioning of the spectroscopy instruments most commonly used in analytical laboratories. In this article, we describe the evolution of the game, from its initial physical board format to its digital version, which can be played online and remotely. We also discuss improvements implemented over time, particularly the addition of interactions during sessions, which have proven essential for maintaining student engagement.Afin de faciliter l’apprentissage et accroître l’intérêt, l’implication et la motivation des étudiants, un jeu sérieux basé sur un jeu de plateau a été introduit en L3 et M1. Cet « edugame » permet aux étudiants d’acquérir des connaissances sur les composants et le fonctionnement des appareils de spectroscopie les plus couramment utilisés en laboratoire d’analyse. Dans cet article, nous présentons l’évolution de ce jeu, de sa version sur un plateau physique à une version numérique jouable en ligne et en distanciel. Enfin, nous discuterons des améliorations apportées, notamment l’ajout d’interactions en séance, qui se sont révélées essentielles pour maintenir l’engagement des étudiants
High-resolution species distribution modelling of two coastal biogenic habitat-forming species in an Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area of the Bay of Fundy, Canada
No full textInternational audienceHigh-resolution species distribution models (SDMs) were developed for two benthic invertebrate species of marine conservation significance across a 113 km2 Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area (EBSA) of the Bay of Fundy, Canada. The stalked tunicate, Boltenia ovifera, and horse mussel, Modiolus modiolus, can form coastal biogenic habitat and are vulnerable to disturbance. A near-seabed imaging survey (depths ranging from 8 to 79 m) provided presence, absence, and abundance data for both species. Boosted Regression Tree SDMs combined these data with 11 environmental variables. Presence-probability distributions were generated; however, abundance patterns could not be adequately modelled. Oblique geographic coordinates, which incorporate location of samples as information, proved useful for predicting species presence, along with seabed rugosity, maximum current speed and bathymetry for B. ovifera, and maximum and minimum current speed along with seabed rugosity for M. modiolus. High-resolution SDMs (in this case, 5-m grid) provide enhanced spatial context for ocean managers towards marine spatial planning in high-use coastal marine environments where bottom contact fisheries access and other coastal development must be balanced against marine conservation objectives
Designing and Evaluating a Health System Resilient to Extreme Weather Events in Rural Madagascar
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Adapting health systems for climate change can lessen the negative impact of climate change on human health. Even when not targeting climate-health links explicitly, broad health system strengthening interventions (HSSis) can ensure that the health workforce, infrastructure, and networks are robust enough to respond to and recover from climate-driven shocks. Objective: We explored the ability of an HSSi in a rural health district of southeastern Madagascar to serve as a climate change adaptation in response to Cyclone Batsirai in 2022. Method: We conducted interrupted time series analyses of eight indicators of infectious disease and health system performance to assess the impact of Batsirai on two zones of the HSSi. We then examined how traditional domains of HSS, such as physical and human resources, combined with less formal domains, such as collective values, influenced health system resilience during this time. Findings: We found that the majority of indicators were resilient to Cyclone Batsirai, with only vaccination rates affected in the two months following the cyclone, particularly in the zone where the HSSi had only begun eight months prior. Changes in long-term trends were rare, and, when observed, revealed a slight slowing of progress, but not a regression to historical levels. After re-establishing the road network and providing additional supplies through an emergency response, the health system was able to resume routine service delivery without further external input, and health system indicators continued to improve. The agility and responsiveness of the health workforce were enabled by formalized protocols, a culture of flexibility, open communication, and data-informed action. Conclusions: HSSis that are designed to encourage local adaptation may increase health systems’ resilience to extreme weather events, resulting in health systems better adapted to climate change overall
Jean-Marie Brohm. Sociologie politique du sport. Une vision totalitaire du monde. Alboussière, QS ? Éditions, 2025, 422 p
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Northwest Africa 4269: a metal-rich eucrite from the Algerian Sahara
No full textInternational audienceNorthwest Africa (NWA) 4269 is an anomalous monomict eucrite that is characterized by a very high content of metallic iron (~ 3%). It shows various textures (relict magmatic subophitic, granulitic areas as coarse and fine-grained). NWA 4269 also shows petrographic evidence of secondary sub-solidus reheating events. Pyroxenes have homogeneous compositions and are iron-rich. NWA 4269 is metamorphosed type 5. It has a normal HED oxygen isotope composition. The chemical composition of NWA 4269 has characteristics similar to that of Nuevo-Laredo trend eucrites. Metal is extremely abundant in the finegrained areas (~ 10%). Metal also has a very low Ni content (Ni<0.1%) that excludes a direct origin from a chondrite-like impactor. Origin of the pure-Fe groundmass metal remains enigmatic. The high metal content in NWA 4269 can be interpreted as having formed via the reduction of FeO and probably also by desulfidation of pre-existing troilite. Iron metal could have formed by deposition from a Fe-rich fluid that, probably after an event that triggered sudden reduction. NWA 4269 has normal HED oxygen isotope compositions and interpreted as belonging to the 4-Vesta asteroid
Tayassu pecari. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025: e.T41778A269441699
No full texthttps://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T41778A269441699.e
L’accueil de nouveau-nés évacués de Mayotte : tensions et redéfinition des pratiques et identités professionnelles en néonatologie à La Réunion
No full textInternational audienceDue to overcrowding at the neonatal unit in Mayotte, newborn babies are sometimes transferred to hospitals on Reunion Island, another French overseas territory. These transfers are by air via the EVASAN medical evacuation system. This article is based on research conducted in a Reunion neonatology ward that receives transferred newborns, accompanied or not by their mothers. The article explores the impact on the practices and professional identities of nurses and nursery auxiliaries. These new patients arrive in a ward with limited resources, resulting in an increased workload. The presence of the mothers is deemed necessary for the well-being of the children. However, their being there introduces a social dimension to the hospital. This creates ethical tensions and blurs professional boundaries within a context where these patients are not considered a priority. It is also assumed that their care will be temporary.En raison de la saturation du service de néonatologie du centre hospitalier de Mayotte, il arrive que des nouveau-nés de parents résidant à Mayotte soient transférés dans un centre hospitalier de La Réunion, par le dispositif d’évacuation sanitaire EVASAN. Cet article repose sur une recherche de terrain dans un service de néonatologie de La Réunion. Il explore les effets de l’accueil de ces nouveau-nés évacués, accompagnés ou non de leur mère, sur les pratiques et les identités professionnelles des infirmières et auxiliaires puéricultrices. L’arrivée de ces nouveaux publics, dans un service peu outillé pour les accueillir dans de bonnes conditions, se traduit par une surcharge de travail. La présence des mères, si elle est jugée nécessaire pour le bien-être de l’enfant, fait entrer la question du social à l’hôpital, engendrant tensions éthiques et brouillage des rôles professionnels, dans un contexte où ces publics apparaissent non prioritaires et où leur accueil est perçu comme provisoire
ESA Coastal Blue Carbon project: Towards Earth-Observation-based solutions for coastal blue carbon monitoring
No full textInternational audienceThe international consensus on the urgent necessity to act to protect a vulnerable environment and endangered biodiversity raises key challenges, including the need to improve and accelerate estimating carbon stocks and changes in coastal ecosystems on a global scale. Remote sensing methods, combined with ground truthing and modelling, are essential for addressing this challenge cost-effectively.The ESA Coastal Blue Carbon project is an unprecedented effort to review, assess, and attempt to provide key elements for the sustainable management of Blue Carbon Ecosystems (BCEs) through diverse case studies. Over two years, a multidisciplinary consortium is investigating the mangrove, seagrass, and tidal salt marsh BCEs in France, Canada, Spain and French Guiana. The project aims to develop innovative tools and methods based on Earth Observation (EO) to estimate and monitor changes in carbon stocks, and brings together a community of end-users, to ensure the tools meet the operational needs, including:Conservation stakeholders aiming to enhance the impact of their actions. Decision-makers looking to integrate blue carbon into national carbon accounting and set ambitious mitigation targets. The financial sector seeking reliable blue carbon investment opportunities. Our rationale is to capitalise on existing data and multi-scale resolution imagery to assess the potential for global replicability of the space-based methodologies from highly representative pilot regions of the main BCEs across three different continents. The project consists of two phases: the first focuses on developing and consolidating requirements to create new methods on test areas, while the second emphasizes upscaling demonstration, and impact assessment. We aim at producing maps of carbon storage estimates for three different years from 2015 to 2025, with a spatial resolution no coarser than 10m while ensuring active participation from Early Adopters.The project has been submitted to be endorsed under the Global Ocean – Blue Carbon Programme of UNESCO Ocean Decade
La remarquable variabilité du genre Betaburmesebuthus Lourenço, 2015 de l’ambre Crétacé de Birmanie ; commentaires sur la nouvelle confirmation de caractères morphologiques et description d’une nouvelle espèce (Scorpiones : Palaeoburmesebuthidae).
No full textInternational audienceOne more new species is described for the genus Betaburmesebuthus Lourenço, 2015, confirming this genus as probably the most speciose among those found in Early Cretaceous Burmite. The studied specimen is extremely well preserved, allowing a detailed observation of some characters, such as the cheliceral dentition, which was unclearly defined until now.Encore une nouvelle espèce est décrite pour le genre Betaburmesebuthus Lourenço, 2015, confirmant ainsi que ce genre est probablement le plus riche en espèces parmi ceux trouvés dans l’ambre Crétacé du Myanmar. Le spécimen étudié est extrêmement bien préservé, autorisant ainsi l’observation de certains caractères, tels ceux de la dentition des chélicères, qui restaient encore faiblement caractérisés